The Clash of (Scottish) Civilizations: Local Culture and National Identity

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The Clash of (Scottish) Civilizations Local
Culture and National Identity

• Dr. Britt Cartrite
• Solomon Asch Center for Study of Ethnopolitical
  Conflict

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(No Transcript)
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Milestones in Scottish History

• 843 AD Kenneth MacAlpin unites Scots and Picts
  under his rule
• 1296 Annexation of Scotland by England under
  Edward I
• 1314 Battle of Bannockburn Scottish
  independence restored under Robert Bruce
• 1603 James VI of Scotland becomes James I of
  England
• 1638 National Covenant
• 1707 Union of Parliaments

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Scottish Ethnopolitical Activism

• 1820 Celtic Society of Edinburgh
• 1853 National Association for the Vindication of
  Scottish Rights 1886 Scottish Home Rule
  Association
• 1900 Young Scots Society 1901 Scottish
  Patriotic Association 1904 Scottish National
  League
• 1926 Scottish Nationalist Movement 1934
  Scottish Party and SNM merge to form Scottish
  National Party (SNP)

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Population and Population Density
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Scottish Identity
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General Election Votesfor the SNP
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1997 Referendum on Scottish Devolution
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Referenda Yes Votes
Question 1 I agree that there should be a
Scottish Parliament
Question 2 I agree that a Scottish Parliament
should have tax-varying powers
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From Ethnic to Civic Nationalism?
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Common Fisheries Program
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Lerwick
Kirkwall
Stromness
Inverness
Aberdeen
Stonehaven
Portree
Stirling
Edinburgh
Glasgow
Hawick
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Dimensions of Scottish IdentityLanguages

• English

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Dimensions of Scottish IdentityLanguages

• English
• Gaelic

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Gaelic Speakers
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Dimensions of Scottish IdentityLanguages

• English
• Gaelic
• Scots

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Auld Lang Syne

• For auld lang syne, my dear,
• For auld lang syne,
• We'll tak a cup of kindness yet,
• For auld lang syne!
• Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
• And never brought to mind?
• Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
• And auld lang syne?
• And surely ye'll be your pint-stowp,
• And surely I'll be mine,
• And we'll tak a cup o kindness yet,
• For auld lang syne!

• We twa hae run about the braes,
• And pou'd the gowans fine,
• But we've wander'd monie a weary fit,
• Sin auld lang syne.
• We twa hae paidl'd in the burn
• Frae morning sun till dine,
• But seas between us braid hae roar'd
• Sin auld lang syne.
• And there's a hand my trusty fiere,
• And gie's a hand o thine,
• And we'll tak a right guid-willie waught,
• For auld lang syne.

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Dimensions of Scottish IdentityLanguages

• English
• Gaelic
• Scots
• (Pictish) Doric

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Dimensions of Scottish IdentityReligion

• Anglican
• Presbyterian
• Catholic

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Dimensions of Scottish Identity

• Anti-English

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Dimensions of Scottish Identity

• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic

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Dimensions of Scottish Identity

• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry

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Dimensions of Scottish Identity

• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard

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Dimensions of Scottish Identity

• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting

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Dimensions of Scottish Identity

• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Jacobitism

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Variations on Scottish IdentityEdinburgh

• Gaelic
• Scots
• Doric
• Anglican
• Presbyterian
• Catholic
• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Jacobitism

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Variations on Scottish IdentityStirling

• Gaelic
• Scots
• Doric
• Anglican
• Presbyterian
• Catholic
• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Jacobitism

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Variations on Scottish IdentityHawick

• Gaelic
• Scots
• Doric
• Anglican
• Presbyterian
• Catholic
• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Jacobitism

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Variations on Scottish IdentityStonehaven

• Gaelic
• Scots
• Doric
• Anglican
• Presbyterian
• Catholic
• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Jacobitism

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Variations on Scottish IdentityInverness

• Gaelic
• Scots
• Doric
• Anglican
• Presbyterian
• Catholic
• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Jacobitism

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Variations on Scottish IdentityPortree

• Gaelic
• Scots
• Doric
• Anglican
• Presbyterian
• Catholic
• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Jacobitism

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Variations on Scottish IdentityGlasgow

• Gaelic
• Scots
• Doric
• Anglican
• Presbyterian
• Catholic
• Anti-English
• Anti-Catholic
• Tartanry
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Jacobitism

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Variations on Scottish IdentityShetland and
Orkney

• Invaded and populated by Vikings in the 8th
  century
• Given to Scotland until the dowry for Queen
  Margaret could be raised
• Scotland refuses the dowry payment, keeps the
  islands
• Norn, a Scandinavian dialect, dies out in the
  late 18th century without being written down
• Possibility of a no no vote in the 1997
  referendum raised questions of transferral to
  Westminster

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Variations on Scottish IdentityOrkney

• Norn
• Lutheran
• Anti-English
• Anti-Scottish
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Scandanavian

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Variations on Scottish IdentityShetland

• Norn
• Lutheran
• Anti-English
• Anti-Scottish
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Scandanavian

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Variations on Scottish IdentityShetland

• Norn
• Lutheran
• Anti-English
• Anti-Scottish
• Kailyard
• Crofting
• Scandanavian

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Emergent Questions

• How do theories of ethnic identity formation
  account for Scottish heterogeneity?
• How can the relative success of ethnopolitical
  mobilization in Scotland be explained, given this
  heterogeneity?
• What explains the complacency regarding funding
  for Gaelic media and education, considering the
  low levels of Gaelic-speaking, as well as the
  relative paucity for demands for other language
  education and media?

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Future Research Possibilities

• Replication of findings
• Project linking findings to political questions
• Shetlander / Orcadian mobilization