The Industrial Age

1
The Industrial Age

• 1876 - 1900

2
The Expansion of Industry

• Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
• New methods of recovering refining oil touch
  off an oil boom
• Abundance of iron coal fuel steel production
• New uses for steel emerge

3
Inventions Promote Change

• The harnessing of electricity transforms American
  business.
• A profusion of inventions promotes rapid change.
• New products affect people at home at work.

4
Inventors Inventions
5
Big Business Emerges

• Andrew Carnegie uses new management techniques to
  improve the quality cut the cost of producing
  steel.
• New business strategies enable Carnegie to
  control the steel industry.
• Vocab. horizontal consolidation, vertical
  integration, monopoly

6
Social Darwinism

• Economists apply Darwins theory of natural
  selection to the marketplace.
• This theory implies no govt. regulation of
  business leads to the notion that people
  deserve their lot in life.
• Stories of rags-to-riches success become poopular.

7
Fewer Control More

• Consolidation of companies eliminates competition
  concentrates power I the hands of a few
  business tycoons.
• Because of their ruthless business tactics, some
  industrialists are called robber barons,
  although many are also generous philanthropists.
• To protect free competition the govt. passes the
  Sherman Antitrust Act, but it proves difficult to
  enforce.

8
Workers of the Nation Unite

• Workers are exploited.
• Laborers work long hours, often in unsafe
  conditions, with no benefits.
• Many women children work at tedious jobs that
  require little skill pay low wages to help
  their families survive.

9
Labor Unions Emerge

• Some unions exclude women African Americans,
  leading African Americans to form unions of their
  own.
• Unions use different tactics some favoring
  strikes others, arbitration.

10
Women in the Labor Movement

• Women play significant roles in unions that admit
  them.
• Public exposure of dangerous unhealthy working
  conditions for children leads to the passage of
  laws banning child labor.
• After the tragic Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
  fire, New York state passes strict fire codes
  other reforms.