PRIMATES First in rank among mammals?

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PRIMATESFirst in rank among mammals? Scandentia

• EEOB 625
• 11 February 2004
• Notice
• 11 12 Feb Lab Exam II First 30 minutes
• Data Analysis II - Excel Workshop
• From spreadsheet to
  effective figures

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Primate Origins Characteristics

• An old order dating to the Cretaceous most
  closely related to Scandentia, Dermaptera,
  Chiroptera ?
• Ordinal character states - 5 grasping digits,
  -nails, - many (32-36) teeth (loss only 8 from
  44) , - bunodont, 4-cusped molars
  (derived from?). Primitive?
• Shared, derived character states (Table 11.1
  Vaughan) - Hind limb dominance in locomotion
• - binocular vision with postorbital bar
  (muzzle short)
• - Long generation times w/ delayed sexual
  maturity !?
• - large brain size (cerebrum) high EQs

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Plesiadapsis ancestral primate of the
Paleocene (Adapidae, Vaughan p 177)
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Primate Origins Characteristics

• An old order dating to Cretaceous most closely
  related to Scandentia, Dermaptera, Chiroptera
  ________?
• Ordinal character states 1) 5 grasping digits w/
  nails, 2) many (36-32/ of 44 max) teeth w/
  bunodont, 4-cusp molars (derived from?)
  Primitive?
• Derived character states (p. 227 Feldhamer)
• - binocular vision with postorbital bar
  (muzzle short)
• - Long generation times w/ delayed sexual
  maturity !?
• - large brain size (cerebrum) high EQs

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Primate Phylogeny Classification

• Fossils Plesiadapsis (Paleocene), ancestors of
  lemurs
• Two monophyletic suborders (236 Species, 5th
  place)
• Suborder Strepsirhini (Prosiminans) 7 families
• - Lemuridae 10 species limited to Madagasgar
• - Loridae Ethiopian and Oriental Regions
• Suborder Haplorhini (Anthropoidea) (w/ Tarsiidae)
• - Callitrichidae Cebidae Neotropical
• - Cercocopithecidae Ethiopian Oriental (81
  sp)
• - Homidae (Pongidae) Hylobatidae

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Loridae
Lemuridae
Adapidae?
Haplorhini
Fig. 13.1 Feldhamer
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Feldhamer 13.7
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Haplorine Primates and Hominidae

• Derived character states of Haplorine Primates
• - post orbital plate nails vs. claws
• - ischial collosities or no tail
• - catarrhine nostrils point down (not
  sideways)
• - dental formula I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M
  3/3
• Character states in Hominidae
• - Enlarged cranial capacity
• I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 or I 2/2, C 1/1,
  P 2/2, M 2/2 ?

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Encephalization Quotients

• EQ Observed brain weight divided by
• Expected brain weight
• Expected brain weight obtained from a regression
• equation (brain weight on body mass)for all
  mammals
• EQ varies from 0.3 to 1.5 for most mammals
• primates 1.5 to 2.6, dolphins porpoises
  3.2 4.9
• 7.5 for Homo sapiens (Why?)
• - Factors promoting high EQ
• - Relationship of EQ to intelligence

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Log of Body Weight
Regression line for all mammals (the average)
EQ Observed brain weight Expected
brain weight
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Biology Conservation of Primates

• Deforestation the major threat to primate
  populations and diversity
• Golden lion tamarins
• - Brazilian Atlantic coast rainforest
• - A success story for the role of Zoos
• Red howler monkeys An abundant wide spread
  species with wide habitat and environmental
  tolerances

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EndPrimates
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Primate Origins Characteristics

• An old order dating to the Cretaceous most
  closely related to Scandentia, Dermaptera,
  Chiroptera ?
• Ordinal character states 1) 5 grasping digits w/
  nails, 2) many (32-36/ of 44 max) teeth w/
  bunodont, 4-cusp molars (derived from?)
  Primitive?
• Derived character states (p. 227 Feldhamer)
• - binocular vision with postorbital bar
  (muzzle short)
• - Long generation times w/ delayed sexual
  maturity !?
• - large brain size (cerebrum) high EQs

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Primate Phylogeny Classification

• Two monophyletic suborders (232 Sp, 5th place)
• Suborder Strepsirhini (Prosiminans) - primitive
• - Lemuridae 10 species limited to Madagasgar
• - Loridae Ethiopian and Oriental Regions
• Suborder Haplorhini (Anthropoidea) (w/ Tarsiidae)
• - Callitrichidae Cebidae Neotropical
• - Cercocopithecidae Ethiopian Oriental (81
  sp)
• - Homidae (Pongidae) Hylobatidae

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Encephalizion Quotients

• EQ Observed brain weight divided by
• Expected brain weight
• Expected brain weight obtained from a regression
• equation (brain weight on body mass)for all
  mammals
• EQ varies from 0.3 to 1.5 for most mammals
• primates 1.5 to 2.6, dolphins porpoises
  3.2 4.9
• 7.5 for Homo sapiens (Why?)
• - Factors promoting high EQ
• - Relationship of EQ to intelligence

18
Log of Body Weight
Regression line for all mammals (the average)
EQ Observed brain weight Expected
brain weight
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Haplorine Primates and Hominidae

• Derived character states of Haplorine Primates
• - post orbital plate nails vs. claws
• - ischial collosities or no tail
• - dental formula I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2,
  M 3/3
• Character states in Hominidae
• - Catarrhine, trend to terrestrial habits
• - Enlarged cranial capacity High EQ
• - Dental formula What is yours?

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Biology Conservation of Primates

• Deforestation the major threat to primate
  populations and diversity
• Golden lion tamarins
• - Brazilian Atlantic coast rainforest
• - A success story for the role of Zoos
• Red howler monkeys An abundant wide spread
  species with wide habitat and environmental
  tolerances