Nutrition and Metabolism

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Nutrition and Metabolism
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Metabolism

• All the chemical reactions in the body
• Sum of two types of reactions
• anabolic
• catabolic

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Catabolism

• Polymers ? monomers
• energy is released

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Anabolism

• Monomers ? polymers
• energy is required

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Cellular respiration

• Where most of cells energy comes from
• Release of energy from CHO breakdown
• C6H12O6 O6 ? 6CO2
  6H2O

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Lipid metabolism

• Lipids ? fatty acids glycerol
• Body cannot synthesis all FAs
• Essential FAs must be obtained from diet
• linoleic acid
• arachidonic acid
• linolenic acid

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Protein metabolism

• Protein ? amino acids
• Body cannot synthesis all AAs
• Essential AAs must be obtained from diet (10 of
  them)
• AA breakdown produces ammonia, which is toxic
• Ammonia is made into urea by liver

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Minerals

• Inorganic ions released through breakdown of
  electrolytes (salts)
• muscle/nerve function (Na, K, Ca,Mg)
• pH balance (Cl-)
• metabolism (I-)
• bones (Ca, P)
• enzyme function (Zn, Cu, Mn, Mg)
• oxygen transport (Fe)

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Vitamins

• Essential for many enzymes to function
• 2 varieties
• fat-soluble
• water-soluble

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Fat soluble Vitamins

• Can be stored in the body
• Can build up to toxic amounts
• D, E, A, K

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Water soluble Vitamins

• Not stored by body
• Must be replenished
• B,C (black coffee)

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Fat-soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin A (retinol)
• Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)
• Vitamin E (tocopherol)
• Vitamin K

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Water-soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
• B vitamins
• thiamin
• riboflavin
• niacin
• pantothenic acid

• pyroxidine
• folic acid
• biotin
• cobalamin

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Vitamins

• Many vitamins are necessary or help in the
  function or uptake of other vitamins
• Deficiency in one leads to deficiency in other