Module 1: discovering psychology 2

1
Module 1 discovering psychology 2

• By Ashley Lim
• Period 1-Mr. Gahagan

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Definition and Goals

• Definition of Psychology
• Psychology is a systematic, scientific study, of
  behaviors and mental processes.
• Goals of Psychology 4 stages
• Describe-to describe the organisms behavior
• Explain-explain the causes of behavior
• Predict-predict how the organism will behave in
  certain situations.
• Control-control an organisms behavior.

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6 modern approaches

• Biological Approach
• Examines genes, hormones, and nervous system
  interact with our environments to influence
  learning. An example would be their personality,
  memory, motivation, emotions, coping techniques,
  and other traits and abilities.
• Cognitive Approach
• Focuses on how we store and process info and how
  the information influences what we tend to
  perceive, learn, remember, and believe.
• Behavioral Approach

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6 modern approaches (cont.)

• Analyzes how organisms learn new behaviors or
  modify existing ones, depending on whether events
  in their environments reward or punish these
  behaviors
• Psychoanalytic Approach
• Based on the belief on the childhood experiences
  greatly influence of unconscious fears, desires,
  and motivations on thought and behavior.
• Humanistic Approach
• Emphasizes that each individual has great freedom
  in directing his or her future, a large capacity
  for achieving personal growth, a considerable
  amount of intrinsic worth, and enormous potential
  for self-fulfillment.
• Cross-Cultural Approach
• Studies the influence of cultural and ethnic
  similarities and differences on psychological and
  social funtioning.

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Historical Approaches

• Structuralism
• Study of the most basic elements, primarily
  sensations and perceptions that make up our
  conscious mental experiences.
• Functionalism
• Study of the function rather than the structure
  of consciousness, was interested in our minds
  adapt to our changing environment.
• Gestalt Approach
• Perception is more than a sum of its parts and
  studied how sensations are assembled into
  meaningful perceptual experiences.
• Behaviorism
• John B. Watson used behaviorism to analyze
  children. It is known as observable behavior.
• Survival of the Approaches
• Depends on its ability to survive its criticism.
  The criticism from the structural approach,
  functional, and Gestalt gave Watsons behavioral
  approach.

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Cultural Diversity Early Discrimination

• Women in Psychology
• In psychology women were not accepted to graduate
  school so it was hard for them to be a
  psychologist. When they would get their Ph.D they
  would only be at nursing facilities or schools.
• Minorities in Psychology
• The minorities were the blacks. Only a few of
  universities would accept black students. Then
  during the 1900s only a few were awarded degrees
  for Hispanics.
• Righting the Wrongs
• Now, the people of color are still
  underrepresented in academic departments and in
  graduate programs. Journals were written to fight
  for minorities and women to allow them to. In the
  late 1900s they would help the minority students
  enter college.