Chapter 18 18481859 Renewing the Sectional Struggle

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• Chapter 18 (1848-1859) Renewing the Sectional
  Struggle
• Political parties were national, not sectional
• Polk declined a 2nd term Gen. Lewis Cass (D) ran
  concept of Popular Sovereignty
• Whigs ran Gen. Zachary Taylor (no standards LA
  sugar farm owner of slaves)
• Free Soilers ran more for stopping cheap slave
  labor than freeing slaves
• Taylor becomes President California becomes
  national issue with finding of gold
• CA service industry to rich crime went up
  boldly asked US for admission (Taylor)
• South was well-off, but greatly feared the
  future
• S. President 2) S. cabinet SC 3) equal s
  in Senate 4) cotton prices high
• Texas upset about disputed territory
• Underground Railroad fueled Southern fears that
  runaway slavery was rampant
• Compromise of 1850 Twilight of Senate Greats

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• Clay (73/cough) Calhoun (68/TB) Webster
  (68/liver)
• Compromise 1850 1-CA free 2-NM gets disputed
  lands 3-TX gets 10m 4-no slave trade in DC
  (slavery OK 5-new, tougher Fugitive Slave Law 7
  mth debate
• President Taylors death helped agreement
  (Millard Fillmore conciliatory)
• Winner was the North (CA Senate 1 UT NM
  destined to be free)
• Fugitive Slave Law sets off fiery moral debate on
  the evils of slavery
• Time for battle in 1850? Time is the Norths
  best weapon (gaining population, wealth, crops,
  factories, RR.moral tide growing stronger)
• Election of 1852 ends the Whigs President Pierce
  Sec. War Jefferson Davis
• Cuba seems prime to South angry North peeking at
  Canada
• Ostend Manifesto hints at 120 million plan to
  buy Cuba off Spain (whod never)
• Uncle Toms Cabin sparks greater anti-South
  feelings
• Key need ? transportation in California (whole
  Mexican cession, really)
• Davis helps Gadsden Purchase along (stretch NM
  border to accommodate RR)
• Stephen R. Douglas (IL) becomes nationally known
  (worked for Clay)
• RR through IL will help Douglas, help IL,
  possibly propel Douglas to White House

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Obstacle breaking the MO Compromise 1820
Compromise 1850 Douglas failed to foresee the
backlash of his support of popular
soverignty Democratic party shattered in 1856
(elected President, but not again for 28 yrs) New
Republican party born Abe Lincoln will become
its voice Political parties now SECTIONALdeadly
lines being drawn