Sistemi di trasporto a chiamata Relazione sul primo anno di lavoro

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COST action 355 WATCH
Targeted exploratory trials and large-scale
mobility surveys Marco Diana, Cristina Pronello,
Alessia Gaia, Maria Lapietra, Francis
Papon Politecnico di Torino, Italy INRETS,
France WG3 meeting in Torino, 5th October 2007
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Experimental vs. large-scale surveys

• Experimental surveys advantages reduced effort
  (money and time), greater flexibility, more room
  for specific questions / trials
• Experimental surveys drawbacks results are
  hardly generalizable
• Large-scale surveys advantages sample
  representativeness, joint availability of
  behavioural and classical mobility data
• Large-scale surveys drawbacks constraints
  concerning both the tasks complexity and the
  tasks length

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Using both kinds of survey

1. Define the transport-related behavioural issue(s)
   under investigation
2. Run a small-scale exploratory trial, redundantly
   implementing several different survey instruments
3. Define the time budget than can be allocated
   within the larger mobility survey
4. Design the survey inset on the basis of the
   exploratory trial outcomes and the time budget
   allocation
5. Run the large-scale survey and analyse the results

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Survey trials run by POLITO

1. Mobility opinions on a given trip in medium-sized
   cities (Piedmont, Italy)
2. Attitudinal travel diaries (Torino, Italy)
3. Travel demand management in a university campus
   (Campinas, Brazil and Torino, Italy)
4. Attitudinal travel survey for a sample of
   qualified workers (INRETS, France)

French NTS 2007 Primary utility inset
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1. Surveys in medium-sized cities

• 1518 completed CATI over 4 cities (45 000 - 100
  000 inhabitants)
• Statistically significant sample, sampling error
  of 4
• Questionnaire contents 1) characterization of
  a trip 2) attitudes and opinions about the used
  mode 3) general travel attitudes

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1. Surveys in medium-sized cities
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1. Surveys in medium-sized cities
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1. Surveys in medium-sized cities
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1. Surveys in medium-sized cities
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1. Surveys in medium-sized cities
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1. Surveys in medium-sized cities
Green conscious Understatement Utilitarian Hedonis
t Timeserver
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2. Attitudinal travel diaries in Torino
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3. TDM in Campinas, Brazil
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4. INRETS attitudinal travel survey

1. Multimodal behaviour in the past 12 months
2. Trips collection in the preceding weekday
3. Full description for a randomly selected trip
4. Attitudes and feelings concerning this trip
5. Mode diversion SP experiments
6. Perceived frequencies and desired travel amounts

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4. INRETS attitudinal travel survey
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4. INRETS attitudinal travel survey
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4. INRETS attitudinal travel survey
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SEM model for primary utility
PRIMARY
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SEM model for mode switch
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FNTS 2007 primary utility inset

• Travel may have utility besides destination
• Previous findings
• Brief presentation of the FNTS 2007-08
• Six questions
• Promenade purpose
• Possible outcomes
• Conclusions

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Travel may have utility besides destination

• Traditionally, travel considered as derived
  demand necessary to perform other activities
• But, travel is sometimes an activity per se
  conducted for its own sake, such as
• recreational walking, cycling, horseback riding
  etc.
• Or often the utility of travelling is part of the
  motivation for travelling, aside destination
• activities or feelings during trip

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Pure recreational travel
Pure destination travel
Some utility during travel
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Previous findings

• Mokhtarians papers (Mokhtarian Salomon 1999,
  2001 Redmond Mokhtarian, 2001 Mokhtarian
  2005).
• Dianas experimental questionnaire with INRETS
  staff
• Evidence of the intrinsic utility of travel
• Varies among trips
• zero for trips exclusively dedicated for
  destination
• 100 of trip utility for trips entirely for their
  own sake
• most of trips in-between, with some degree of
  satisfaction coming from the travel activity

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Brief presentation of the FNTS 2007-08
For a randomly selected trip described by kish,
six specific questions added in the NHTS survey
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Six questions

• Which activity was carried out during this trip?
• Whether an incident occurred during this trip?
• If so, which one?
• Whether the trip was pleasant or not?
• Whether the trip was tiring or not?
• Which is the sentence that best fits this trip?
• 1. The only important thing regarding this trip
  was to get from one place to another
• 2. The activities carried out during this trip
  were important for me
• 3. The feelings during this trip were important
  for me

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Activities during travel

• Which activity was carried out during the trip?
• working, studying
• reading
• making phone calls, sending messages
• speaking with other people
• playing alone or with other people or carrying
  out handiwork
• listening to music or the radio
• thinking, staying alone
• looking at the landscape, the shop windows, the
  people
• eating, drinking, smoking
• sleeping, drowsing
• other (to specify)

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Incidents during travel

• This trip was?
• Without incident
• With incident gt If so
• Which kind of incident was it? 3 answers
• Broken down vehicle
• Vehicle blocked in congestion
• Train or subway stopped between two stations
• Aggressive traveller with you and/or with someone
  else
• Dangerous behaviour of driver
• Little loss of control of vehicle
• Imprudent behaviour of a pedestrian or a
  two-wheeler who hindered you
• Missed connection causing a delay of more than 20
  min
• Other Specify

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Pleasant, tiring, most important thing

• Which is the sentence that best fits this trip?
  (only one answer)
• The only important thing regarding this trip was
  to get from one place to another
• The activities carried out during this trip were
  important for me
• The feelings during this trip were important for
  me

• How did you find this trip? (only one answer)
• Pleasant or rather pleasant
• Unpleasant or rather unpleasant
• Neither one nor the other
• Did you find this trip tiring? (only one answer)
• Yes, especially nervously
• Yes, especially physically
• Yes, both (nervously and physically)
• No, not tiring

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Promenade purpose

• One trip gt those specific questions on the
  primary utility of travel
• All trips gt traditional question about purpose
  at destination
• Including promenade without precise destination
• Makes it possible to
• Analyse pure recreational travel for all trips
• Sketch the contours of travelling for its own
  sake for all transport modes.

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Possible outcomes

• The activity, incident, pleasantness and
  tiredness questions will describe circumstances
  that increase or decrease the utility of travel.
• Crossing these questions with trip purposes,
  travel modes, or socio-demographics will help to
  answer such questions as
• What is the preferred travel mode? or
• What category of trips makes the most useful (or
  pleasant) journeys?

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Conclusions

• Opportunity of the French National Travel Surveys
  to include primary utility of travel
• Questions about positive and negative
  circumstances during one trip will help
  understand the intrinsic drivers of mobility
• Accurate count of trips undertaken for the sake
  of it, as the only purpose, as the main
  motivation, or as a secondary reason
• Input data for travel demand models, relating to
  demand induced by better travel conditions

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Thank you
Targeted exploratory trials and large-scale
mobility surveys Marco Diana, Cristina Pronello,
Alessia Gaia, Maria Lapietra, Francis
Papon marco.diana_at_polito.it francis.papon_at_inret
s.fr