Exhaled Breath Condensate Collection System for Use During Exercise

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• Exhaled Breath Condensate Collection System for
  Use During Exercise
• BME 301
• May 2, 2003

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• Clients
• Marlowe Eldridge, MD
• Jerome Dempsey, PhD
• Steve Almasi

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Team MembersAudrey HaleAdam JaskowiakKatie
MantzLiz ThottakaraAdvisor Glennys Mensing
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Abstract

• This semester, a prototype was constructed
  to collect exhaled breath condensate during
  exercise, meeting predetermined design criteria.
  The prototype design was chosen from several
  alternative designs. It is a copper V-shaped
  tube with a collection vial attached to the apex
  of the V. The device was tested as part of a
  current respiratory analysis system and collected
  an adequate amount of condensate. Although it
  performed satisfactorily, there are improvements
  to be made in the future.

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Problem Statement

• Develop a low resistance breath condensate system
  that can handle the very high ventilations of
  human exercise
• Develop a system that allows for simultaneous
  exhaled gas and condensate collection during
  exercise
• Validate the system and correct for dilution of
  the respiratory solutes in the expired condensate

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Background

• Condensate collection will help determine
• Lung function
• How exercise affects condensation
• Composition of condensate
• How mediators can be used to detect and
  distinguish lung diseases (Barnes et al)

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Background

• Current Invasive Procedures (Eldridge)
• Bronchoalveolar lavage
• Induced sputum
• Jaeger Condensate Collection System (Non
  Invasive)
• 10,000 for research purposes
• Not ideal for use during exercise
• Cannot see formed condensate
• Has one collection vial

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System Schematic
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Design Criteria

• Minimal resistance to expiration during heavy
  exercise
• Keep condensate sample around 10o C
• Able to collect multiple samples per trial
• System should not interfere with patients
  exercise
• Able to see amount of collected condensate
• Exhaled air tube should be heated so no
  condensate forms before collection chamber

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Multi-vial Chamber

• Rotates
• All vials cooled together
• Uses counter-current flow to form condensate

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Pressurized System

• Pressurized chamber facilitates condensate
  formation
• No coolant needed

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Angled Plates System

• Cooling plate system as found in air conditioners
• Condensate drips down plates into removable vial
• Coolant located below plates

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Cooling Spikes

• Can be integrated into any of the previous
  systems
• Creates air turbulence
• Increases cooling surface area in contact with
  exhaled breath

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V-Shaped Cooling System

• Constructed using 1.00 diameter copper pipes and
  fittings
• V-Shape is submersed in ice water bath
• Condensate forms on slanted tubes and drips into
  collection vial at base of V
• Collection vial is a removable, 10ml conical test
  tube

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Decision Matrix
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Testing of Prototype

• Subject ran on treadmill for 30 minutes
  continually increasing the work load while
  breathing into the collection and analysis system
• Condensate level was checked at 10 minute
  intervals
• 10 min 0.5mL
• 20 min 4.5mL
• 30 min 9.5mL

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• Prototype testing set-up

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• Prototype with collected condensate after testing

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Qualitative Results

• No condensate formed before the cooling chamber
• Minimal resistance was detected by subject when
  comparing breathing with or without condensate
  collection system
• Condensate did not fully drain into the
  collection vial - when the system was shaken,
  more condensate collected in the vial

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Future Work

• Obtain Heating tape or jacket for exhaled air
  tube
• Advantages lightweight, adjustable
• temperature, short preparation time

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Future Work

• Evaluate the efficiency of the system with
  sensors placed across the system
• Air temperature
• Humidity
• Resistance
• Improve the ice water bath container
• Ease of use
• Ability to see vial

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References

• Barnes PJ, Karitonov SA. Exhaled Markers of
  Pulmonary Disease. Am J Repir Care Med 2001 vol
  163 pp1693-1722.
• Eldridge, Marlowe, M.D. Personal interview,
  Spring, 2003.
• Non-Invasive Monitoring of Airway Inflammation.
  10 Feb. 2003. Jaeger website www.filt.de/Hauptmen
  ue/Aktuelles_Current_Affairs/Page10464/akon.pdf