Pollution Prevention: A Model Addressed Through GREEN

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Pollution Prevention A Model Addressed Through
GREEN CHEMISTRY

• Michael Cann, Chemistry Department
• http//academic.scranton.edu/faculty/CANNM1/
• greenchemistry.html

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Better Things for Better Living Through
Chemistry DuPont

• Ibuprophen
• Lipitor
• Celebrex
• Vioxx
• Rogaine
• Prozac
• Viagra
• Prilosec

• Nylon
• Dacron
• PET
• Polystyrene
• Acrylics
• Teflon
• Rayon
• Composites

• DNA
• Recombinant
• Technology
• PCR

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ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS

• DDT
• CFCs
• Cuyahoga River
• Love Canal

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Toxic Release Inventory

• In 2000 7.1 billion pounds of hazardous chemicals
  were released to the air water and soil.
• Only includes 650 of the 75,000 chemicals in use
  in US commerce today
• Thresholds of 25,000 pounds (manufacture) and
  10,000 pounds (use)

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Risk Due to a Hazardous Substance
Riskf(Hazard, Exposure)

• Controlling Exposure end of the pipe solution
• Command and control laws

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Command and Control Cost to Industry

• Industries in the US Spend over 100 billion/year
  on waste treatment, control, and disposal.
• 1996 Dupont spent 1 billion for environmental
  compliance (research budget 1 billion chemical
  sales of 18 billion)

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Chemists Must Place a Major Focus on the
Environmental Consequences of Chemical Products
and the Processes by which these Products are
Made. We must consider our chemical
ecological footprint.
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THE POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT OF 1990

• Riskf(HAZARD, Exposure)
• Control the hazard, no need to worry about the
  exposure!

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GREEN CHEMISTRY

• Green Chemistry or environmentally benign
  chemistry is the design of chemical products and
  processes that reduce of eliminate the use and
  generation of hazardous substances
• Minimize waste, energy use and resource use
  (maximize efficiency
• utilize renewable resources).

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GREEN CHEMISTRY

• Pollution Prevention Act 1990
• GC Began in 1991 at EPA, Paul Anastas
• 1996 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge
  Awards
• 1997 Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference
• 1999 Journal Green Chemistry
• Chemical and Engineering News

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Examples of Green Chemistry
Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award
Winners For more informational on Presidential
Green Chemistry Challenge Award Winners
http//www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/presgcc.html

• New syntheses of Ibuprofen and Zoloft.
• Integrated circuit production.
• Removing Arsenic and Chromate from pressure
  treated wood.
• Many new pesticides.
• New oxidants for bleaching paper and disinfecting
  water.
• Getting the lead out of automobile paints.
• Recyclable carpeting.
• Replacing VOCs and chlorinated solvents.
• Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources.

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GREEN CHEMISTRYThe BHC Company

• The Synthesis of Ibuprofen (analgesic,
  anti-inflammatory)
• Advil, Motrin, Medipren
• 28-35 million pounds of ibuprofen are produced
  each year (37-46 million pounds of waste)

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Advantages of the BHC Synthesis of Ibuprofen

• Less waste
• More economical

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GREEN CHEMISTRY

• Dry Cleaning
• Initially gasoline and kerosene were used.
• Chlorinated solvents are now used, such as perc.
• Infusing green chemistry into general chemistry
• Supercritical/liquid carbon dioxide (CO2)
• (also used for cleaning metal surfaces,
  integrated circuits,
• micro-electromechanical devices, flat panel
  displays)

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Surfactants for H2O(soaps and detergents)
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CO2 Surfactant Joe DeSimone, UNC, NCSU, NSF
Science and Technology Center for
Environmentally Responsible Solvents and
Processes, PGCC Award 1997
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CO2 Surfactant
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• http//www.hangersdrycleaners.com/

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Environmental/Economic Advantages of Liquid CO2

• Using CO2 eliminates hazardous waste generation
  of perc.
• CO2 does not pose the environmental and human
  health risks associated with perc (used by 34,000
  dry cleaners in US).
• Using CO2 reduces environmental regulatory
  burdens for Hangers operators.
• Uses waste CO2 from other processes.

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NatureWorks Polylactic AcidA Biodegradable
Polymer Produced from Renewable Resources

• Cargill Dow
• Minnetonka, MN
• 2002 PGCC Award

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Polymers

• PET
• Polycarbonate
• Polyacrylamides
• Polypropylene
• Polystyrene
• Polyethylene
• Polyaniline

• Nylon
• Dacron
• Kevlar
• Rayon
• Teflon
• Styrofoam

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Polymers

• The polymer industry produces over 60 billion
  pounds of polymers per year
• The production of polymers consumes about 130
  billion pounds of chemical feedstocks per year
• 2.7 of all crude oil is used for chemical
  feedstocks
• 4 billion pounds of PET produced in
• 1998, only 745 million pounds were
• recycled, 81, landfilled or
• incinerated.

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NatureWorks PLAGreen Chemistrypolymers from corn
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Environmental Advantages of Nature Works PLA

• Made from annually renewable resources (corn,
  sugar beets, eventually waste biomass)
• Consumes 20-50 less fossil fuel resources than
  petroleum based polymers
• Uses natural fermentation to produce lactic acid

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Environmental Advantages of Nature Works PLA

• PLA can be recycled (converted back to monomer
  via hydrolysis, then repolymerized to produce
  virgin polymer) i.e. closed lop recycling
• PLA can be composted (biodegradable), complete
  degradation occurs in a few weeks under normal
  composting conditions

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Products Made From PLA

• Fibers for clothing, pillows, diapers
• Cups
• Rigid food containers, food wrappers/bags
• Bags for refuse
• Furnishings for home and office (carpet tile,
  upholstery, awnings, industrial
• wall panels)

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