Reduction of pollution from agricultural point and diffuse sources through policy changes and demonstration through pilot projects Ivan Zavadsky Project Manager UNDP GEF Danube Regional Project

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Reduction of pollution from agricultural point
and diffuse sources through policy changes and
demonstration through pilot projects Ivan
ZavadskyProject ManagerUNDP GEF Danube Regional
Project
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The Danube River Basin, a cultural and
historical centre of Europe
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Structure of the presentation

• The Danube River Protection Convention
• EU WFD implementation
• UNDP GEF Danube Regional Project Implementing
  Components on Agriculture

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The Danube River Protection Convention
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A legal frame for co-operation to assure the
protection of water and ecological resources and
their sustainable use in the Danube River Basin
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Danube River Protection Convention OBJECTIVES

• Ensure sustainable and equitable water management
• Ensure conservation, improvement and the rational
  use of surface waters and ground water
• Control discharge of waste waters, inputs of
  nutrients and hazardous substances from point and
  diffuse sources of emissions
• Control floods and ice hazards
• Control hazards originating from accidents
  (warning and preventive measures)
• Reduce pollution loads of the Black Sea from
  sources in the Danube catchment area.

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ICPDR Policies Actions
The Joint Action Programme
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Policies and Strategies of the JAP

• River Basin Management and implementation of the
  EU Water Framework Directive

• Emission inventory and pollution reduction
• Restoration of wetlands and flood plains
• Transnational Monitoring Network (TNMN) and
  extended water quality standards
• Accident warning system and prevention
• Sustainable flood control and prevention
• Domestic and basin wide water balance.

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Investments and expected results(Joint Action
Programme / Five Years Nutrient Reduction Plan)

• Investments
• Municipal waste water collection
  treatment 3.709 billion USD
• Industrial waste water treatment 0.276 billion
  USD
• Agricultural projects and land use 0.113
  billion USD
• Rehabilitation of wetlands 0.323 billion USD

• Nitrogen reduction
• from point sources 58,600 t/y
• from diffuse sources 60,000 t/y
• total emission reduction 22

• Phosphorus reduction
• from point sources 12,000 t/y
• from diffuse sources 4,000 t/y
• total emission reduction 33

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The Implementation of the EU Water Framework
Directive in the Danube River Basin
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Development of the Danube RBM Plan - preparation
phase

• ICPDR
• Strategy for development of RBM Plan
• Delimitation of the DRB District (including the
  coastal waters of the Black Sea)
• Development of issue papers and preparatory
  studies on special DRB topics

• European Commission
• Common Implementation Strategy
• Guidance documents

• economic analysis
• transboundary issues
• public participation
• Danube GIS mapping criteria
• typology reference conditions of water bodies
• artificial and heavily modified water bodies
• significant pressures and impacts
• effects from human activities on ground water
• register of protected areas (species and habitats)

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Agricultural Pollution Control Strategy in Line
with the WFD Requirements

• Updated basin-wide Emission Inventories 2002
• Article 5 of the WFD information on the type and
  scale of significant anthropogenic pressures,
  including point and diffuse sources of pollution.
  
• Requirements to consider land use patterns (e.g.
  urban, industrial, agricultural, forest).
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Project Harmonised Inventory of Point and
Diffuse Emissions of N and P in the DRBMONERIS

• Undertaken by the Institute of Freshwater Ecology
  and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin.
• The project aim to determine and calculate the
  annual nutrient emissions into the Danube river
  (1998 to 2000) by applying MONERIS model to the
  388 sub-basins of DRB.
• 7 pathways are considered point sources
  (discharges from municipal waste water treatment
  plants and direct industrial discharges)
  atmospheric deposition erosion surface runoff
  groundwater tile drainage and paved urban areas.
• Estimations of Agricultural Diffuse Pollution 4
  main nutrient emission pathways influenced
  significantly by agriculture groundwater, tile
  drainage, soil erosion and surface run-off.

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Effect of pollution on the Black Sea
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Significant process degrading the Black Sea

• Over-fertilization of the sea by compounds of N
  and P, largely as a result of agricultural (late
  1960s, "green revolution"), domestic and
  industrial sources. This over-fertilization
  produces eutrophication which has changed the
  structure of the Black Sea ecosystem.
• It is estimated that the six Black Sea countries
  contribute about 70 of the total amount of the
  substances flowing to the Black Sea as waste from
  human activities.
• The remaining 30 (from the other eleven
  non-coastal countries) enter the Sea via the
  Danube River.
• Current phosphate levels appear to be roughly the
  same as in the 1960s but total nitrogen levels
  are still at least four times as those observed
  during that period.

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Annual Nitrogen Load in the Danube (in kt/y),
subdivided over the countries of origin, with a
high estimate for the in stream denitrification
( removal rate)
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Cooperation with the Black Sea Commission
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Memorandum of Understanding

• between the International Commission for the
  Protection of the Black Sea (ICPBS) and the
  International Commission for the Protection of
  the Danube River (ICPDR) on Common Strategic Goals

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Nutrient Reduction to the Black Sea

• Goals
• In short and medium terms, by adopting
  appropriate strategies, in particular in the
  transition countries, that will permit economic
  development, whilst assuring the recovery of the
  agricultural and industrial sector activities,
  the discharge of nutrient and hazardous
  substances into the Black Sea shall not exceed
  the discharges from 1997
• In the long-term, the Black Sea ecosystems shall
  recover to conditions similar to those observed
  in the 1960s through progressive reduction of
  loads of anthropogenically applied nutrients and
  hazardous substances in all countries of the
  Black Sea Basin.

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Joint Danube / Black Sea Technical Working Group
Bulgaria
Romania
Ukraine
BS members
Danube members
Russia
ICPDR PS
Georgia
Joint Danube / Black Sea TWG
MLIM chair
Turkey
EMIS chair
Black Sea PS
UNDP/GEF DRP
UNDP/GEF BSP
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JTWG Danube-Black Sea Work Programme

• Assessment of existing monitoring systems (BSC
  area)
• Development of monitoring programme (BSC area)
• Development of ecological status indicators (BSC
  area)
• Assessment of pollution (causes) in the BSC area
  and of the ecological status of the Black Sea
• Development of reporting formats
• Recommendations to limit discharge of nutrients
  and hazardous substances
• Enhancing of information mechanisms

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Nutrient Management in the Danube Basin and its
Impact on the Black SeadaNUbs

• General objectives
• to improve the knowledge on the sources,
  pathways, stocks, losses and sinks of nutrients
  in a large river catchment,
• to improve the knowledge on the effects of
  nutrients
• to develop, improve and combine management tools
  for nutrients in the Danube Basins and
• to develop scenarios and prognoses for nutrient
  management and its effect on water quality and
  their consequences on the socio-economic
  development in the DRB.

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UNDP GEF Danube Regional Project Strengthening
the implementation capacities for the nutrient
reduction and transboundary cooperation in the DRB
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The Overall Objective of the Project
Complement the activities of the ICPDR required
to strengthen a regional approach for solving
transboundary problems. This includes the
development of national policies and legislation,
the definition of priority actions for pollution
control, especially nutrient reduction, as well
as the achieving of sustainable transboundary
ecological conditions within the DRB and the
Black Sea basin area.
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Project Time Frame

• Phase 1 (2002-2003), Preparation
• activities related to ICPDR Expert Groups, WFD
  support, sectors agriculture, industry,
  wetlands public participation, pilot activities
  etc.
• Phase 2 (2004-2006), Implementation
• Application of methodologies, plans, strategies
  and pilot projects prepared in the Phase 1

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Goals of the DRP in Short....

• Reduce Nutrient and Toxic Pollution in the Danube
  and Black Sea Ecosystems
• Reinforce Transboundary Cooperation and the
  Ecosystem Approach.

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The Approach?

1. Support the ICPDR its Member States, through
   strengthening the ICPDR Structures, activities
   and policy development
2. Strengthen Public Involvement in addressing key
   environmental problems through supporting the
   NGOs (DEF network), public awareness activities,
   communication strategy, small grants programme
   and access to information.

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A Summary of DRP Activities

• Strengthening Institution (s)
• Improving Management Tools
• Developing Policies
• Promoting Public Participation
• Implementing Pilot Projects.

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Strengthening Institutions

• Danube Protection Commission (ICPDR)
• WQ Monitoring System
• ICPDR Info System (Danubis),
• Accident Prevention and Control
• Joint Danube-Black Sea Working Group
• National Level
• Inter-ministerial Committees
• Other Stakeholders
• DEF.

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Developing Utilizing Tools

• River Basin Management (EU Water Framework
  Directive),
• Danube GIS,
• Economic Instruments (Tariffs,Fines etc.)
• Monitoring of Nutrients in Wetlands.

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Developing Policies

• Agriculture
• Industry
• Economic Instruments
• Land Use and Wetlands
• Phosphates in Detergents.

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Supporting Pilot Projects

• River Basin Management
• (Sava River Basin),
• Agriculture,
• Wetlands.

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Supporting Public Participation

• Public Awareness (Communication Strategy,
  products campaigns)
• Small Grants Programme
• Support to DEF
• Public Participation in Developing a Danube River
  Basin Mgmt. Plan
• Improving Access to Information (phase 2) for
  Addressing Hot Spots

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UNDP GEF Danube Regional Project
Output 1.2 Policies for the Control of
Agricultural Point and Non-point Sources
of Pollution Output 1.3 Pilot Projects on
Agricultural Pollution Reduction
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Policies for the Control of Agricultural Point
and Non-point Sources of Pollution

• Up-dating the basin-wide inventory on priority
  agricultural point and non-point sources of
  pollution (Phase 1)
• Reviewing the relevant legislation, existing
  policy programmes and actual state of enforcement
  in the DRB with respect to promotion and
  application of best agricultural practices
• Reviewing the inventory on important
  agrochemicals (nutrients etc.) in terms of
  quantities of utilization, their misuse in
  application, their environmental impacts and
  potential for reduction
• Identifying the main institutional,
  administrative and funding deficiencies
  (including complementary measures) to reduce
  pollutants
• Introducing or, where existing, further
  developing concepts for the application of BAP in
  all DRB countries

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Policies for the Control of Agricultural Point
and Non-point Sources of Pollution(2)

• Inventory/description of policy
  instruments/programmes
• Assessment of adequacy (e.g. state of
  enforcement)
• Description of main deficiencies
• Review of BAP projects/programmes
• Assessment of nutrient reduction capacity of BAP
  projects/programmes identified
• Gaps/deficiencies in the implementation of BAP

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Policies for the Control of Agricultural Point
and Non-point Sources of Pollution(3)

• Develop basin-wide unifying concept of BAP
  according to need for intervention that is
  identified develop the hierarchy of BAP in
  more detail, taking into account national
  circumstances
• Take account of EU requirements where appropriate
• Prepare concept paper for each of the 11 DRB
  countries and translate into appropriate national
  languages for purposes of consultation
• Discuss the new concept with governments, farming
  communities and NGOs in the DRB and disseminate
  the results and conclusions

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Pilot Projects on Agricultural Pollution
Reduction

• Analyzing existing programmes and pilot projects
  promoting BAP (especially regarding animal
  farming and manure handling, as well as organic
  farming) in DRB countries, and assess nutrient
  reduction capacities (Phase 1)
• Developing practical concepts for the
  introduction respectively promotion of
  appropriate agricultural practices and manure
  handling in the central and downstream DRB
  countries by taking into account national demand
  and international markets
• Preparing and implementing for the central and
  lower DRB countries typical pilot projects
  (especially in UA, MD, RO, BG, YU and B-H) to
  train and support farmers in the application of
  best agricultural practice

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Pilot Projects on Agricultural Pollution
Reduction (2)

• Clearly defined mechanisms for promoting BAP
  through the agricultural extension services
• Consultation workshop on the design and
  development of selection criteria for pilot
  projects promoting BAP in the priority countries
• List of potential projects in the central and
  lower DRB countries (especially in UA, MD, RO,
  BG, YU and B-H) to train and support farmers in
  the application of best agricultural practice
• Preliminary implementation plans

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Danube Regional Project Web Page

• http//www.icpdr.org/undp-drp

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Thank you for your attention!
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