Digitization%20of%20the%20Lester%20S.%20Levy%20Collection%20of%20Sheet%20Music - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: Digitization%20of%20the%20Lester%20S.%20Levy%20Collection%20of%20Sheet%20Music


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Digitization of the Lester S. Levy Collection of
Sheet Music

• Ichiro Fujinaga
• McGill University
• with
• Michael Droettboom, Karl MacMillan, G. Sayeed
  Choudhury, Tim DiLauro, Mark Patton, Teal
  Anderson
• Levy Project II
• Digital Knowledge Center
• Sheridan Libraries
• Johns Hopkins University

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Contents

• Levy Project
• Levy Sheet Music Collection
• Digital Workflow Management
• Optical Music Recognition
• Gamera
• Guido / NoteAbility

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Lester S. Levy Collection
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Lester S. Levy Collectionlevysheetmusic.mse.jhu.e
du

• North American sheet music (17801960)
• Digitized 29,000 pieces (130,000 sheets)
• Began in 1994
• includes The Star-Spangle Banner and Yankee
  Doodle

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(No Transcript)
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Lester S. Levy Collectionlevysheetmusic.mse.jhu.e
du

• North American sheet music (17801960)
• Digitized 29,000 pieces (130,000 sheets)
• Began in 1994
• includes The Star-Spangle Banner and Yankee
  Doodle

• Database of
• metadata
• images of music (8bit gray)
• lyrics (first lines of verse and chorus)
• color images of cover sheets (32bit)

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Web Demo
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Digital Workflow Management

• Reduce the manual intervention for large-scale
  digitization projects
• Creation of data repository (text, image, sound)
• Optical Music Recognition (OMR)
• Gamera
• XML-based metadata
• composer, lyricist, arranger, performer, artist,
  engraver, lithographer, dedicatee, and publisher
• cross-references for various forms of names,
  pseudonyms
• authoritative versions of names and subject terms
• Music and lyric search engines
• Analysis toolkit

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Optical Music Recognition (OMR)

• Trainable open-source OMR system in development
  since 1984
• Staff recognition and removal
• Lyric removal
• Stems and notehead removal
• Music symbol classifier
• Score reconstruction
• Lyric classifier?
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

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The problem

• Suitable OCR for lyrics not found
• Commercial OCR systems are often inadequate for
  non-standard documents
• The market for specialized recognition of
  historical documents is very small
• Researchers performing document recognition often
  re-invent the basic image processing wheel

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The solution

• Provide easy to use tools to allow domain experts
  (people with specialized knowledge of a
  collection) to create custom recognition
  applications
• Generalize OMR for structured documents

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Introducing Gamera

• Framework for creation of structured document
  recognition system
• Designed for domain experts
• Image processing tools (filters, binarizations,
  )
• Document segmentation and analysis
• Symbol segmentation and classification
• Syntactical and semantic analysis
• Generalized Algorithms and Methods for
  Enhancement and Restoration of Archives

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Features of Gamera

• Portability (Unix, Windows, Mac)
• Extensibility (Python and C plugins)
• Easy-to-use (experts and programmers)
• Open source
• Graphic User Interface
• Interactive / Batchable (scripts)

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Gamera Interface(screenshot in Linux)
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Gamera Interface(screenshot in Linux)
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Histogram(screenshot in Linux)
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Thresholding(screenshot in Linux)
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Thresholding(screenshot in Linux)
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Staff removal Lute tablature
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(No Transcript)
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Classifier Lute(screenshot in Linux)
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Staff removal Neumes
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Classifier Neums(screenshot in Linux)
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Greek example
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GUIDO Music Notation FormatH. Hoos, K. Renz, J.
Kilian

• A formal language for score-level
  representation
• Plain text readable, platform independent
• Extensible and flexible
• Adequate representation
• NoteServer Web/Windows
• GUIDO/XML
• NoteAbility (K. Hamel)

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NoteAbility Demo
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Conclusions

• Levy Collection
• Searchable Metadata
• Online images (public domain) of music and cover
• Digital Workflow Management
• Optical Music Recognition
• Gamera for domain experts
• Includes an easy-to-use interactive environment
  for experimentation
• Beta version available on Linux
• OS X and Windows version in preparation

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Acknowledgements

• National Science Foundation
• National Endowments for the Humanities
• Institute of Museum and Library Services
• The Levy Family

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OMR Classifier

• Connected-component analysis
• Feature extraction, e.g
• Width, height, aspect ratio
• Number of holes
• Central moments
• k-nearest neighbor classifier
• Genetic algorithm

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Overall Architecture for OMR
Image File
Staff removal Segmentation
Recognition K-NN Classifier
Output Symbol Name
Optimization Genetic Algorithm K-nn Classifier
Knowledge Base Feature Vectors
Best Weight Vector
Off-line
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Architecture of Gamera
Graphic User Interface (wxWindows)
Plugins (Python)
Plugins (C)
GAMERA Core (C)
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GUIDO An example
\beamsOff \cleflt"treble"gt \keylt"D"gt
f1/8. g1/16 a1/4. d21/8 d1/4. c1/8
e11/2 _1/4 f1/8. g1/16 c21/4. b11/8
a1/4. g1/8 e1/2 f1/4 f1/8. g1/16
a1/4. d21/8 d1/4. c1/8 e11/2 _1/4
f1/8 g c21/4. b11/8 a1/4. c1/8 ,