Architecture: 18th to mid 19th Centuries

1
Architecture 18th to mid 19th Centuries
Revolution Radical Change
end to monarchy, church agrarian life no
unifying authority or standards of taste change
and uncertainty gtgt variety of revival styles
2
Roebling, Brooklyn Bridge, 1883
19th Century Industrial Revolution
Engineering, technology science Innovation
Invention Architecture Continuation of revival
styles - Derivative When change is rapid,
conservatism flourishes
New types of building for new functions
factories, train stations, department stores,
office buildings New building materials
cast iron, plate glass, steel, reinforced
concrete New building materials hidden within old
architectural aesthetics
3
Labrouste, reading room of the Bibliothèque
Sainte-Geneviève, Paris, France, 18431850
4
McKim, Mead White, Penn Station, New York City,
1902-10
5
Paxton, Crystal Palace, London, England, 18501851
6
Modern Building Materials Cast iron
glass Modern Building Method Prefabricated
parts assembled quickly on-site Industrial
Techniques to Create a New Architecture
7
Eiffel, Eiffel Tower, Paris, 1889

• Steel
• Elevator
• Interpenetration of Inner Outer Space

8
20th Century Architecture
9
Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott Building, Chicago,
18991904

• Skyscraper
• steel grid is skeletal framework
• non-supporting curtain wall
• exterior reflects inner framework
• simplified ornamentation
• form follows function
• verticality

Garnier, Paris Opera House, 1861-75
10
Gropius, Shop Block, the Bauhaus, Dessau,
Germany, 19251926
International Style
11

• steel concrete grid with glass curtain wall
• only 20th century technology and materials
• no ornamentation or reference to past
• space volume, not mass (looks weightless)
• mass produced (no personality)

12
Breuer, tubular chair, 1925
13
Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building, New York,
19561958
Less is More.

• no main facade

14
Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine,
France, 1929
Machine for Living

• functional living space
• open floor plan (no bearing walls)
• intermingling of inside outside space
• no main entrance
• no ornamentation
• no relationship to land- scape
• exterior created 1st person fits abstract
  design of building

pilotis
15
Le Corbusier, perspective drawing for Domino
House project, Marseilles, France, 1914
16
Wright, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois,
19071909
Natural Architecture
Prairie School

• unity of planning, structure, materials,
  function
• grows out of landscape (designed for a
  particular site)
• space designed for a particular patron's s life
  (specific human functions)
• flow of interior space and of interior space w.
  exterior environment
• natural materials ornamentation

17
Wright, Robie House, Chicago, Illinois, 19071909
18
Cantilever
Wright, Kaufmann House (Fallingwater), Bear Run,
Pennsylvania, 19361939
19
Wright, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum New York,
19431959
Post WWII Modernism

• architecture as sculpture
• steel reinforced concrete shells

20
Le Corbusier, Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp,
France, 19501955
Utzon, Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia,
19591972
21
Eero Saarinen, Trans World Airlines terminal,
Kennedy Airport, New York, 19561962
Fuller, US Pavilion, Expo 67, Montreal, Canada
Geodesic Dome
22
Johnson Burgee , ATT Building, New York,
19781984
Postmodernism

• pluralism
• eclecticism
• complexity
• juxtaposes past present

23
Graves, The Portland Building, Portland, Oregon,
1980
24
Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain,
1997
Deconstructivist Architecture

• disrupt conventional categories of architecture
• destabilize viewers expectations based on
  established conventions
• disorder, dissonance, imbalance, asymmetry,
  unconformity, irregularity