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PREPARING FOR THE OGET TEST

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Title: PREPARING FOR THE OGET TEST


1
PREPARING FOR THE OGET TEST
  • Art and Literature Review

2
Competencies addressed from Subarea 5
  • 0017-Understand, interpret, and compare
    representations from the visual and performing
    arts from different periods and cultures, and
    understand the relationship of works of art to
    their social and historical contexts.
  • 0018-Understand, interpret, and compare examples
    of literature from different periods and
    cultures, and understand the relationship of
    works of literature to their social and
    historical contexts.

3
Egyptian Art
  • Pharaoh as godlikemost art (pyramids, ziggurats,
    statues, etc.) used to emphasize that role, to
    immortalize and reinforce that power
  • Social classes emphasized
  • Rigid postures, animal symbolism, little
    suggestion of movement
  • 3000-_at_343 B.C.reign of Egyptian-born pharaohs
    (King Tut1361-1352)
  • (In roughly same time period (2150 B.C.) first
    recorded epic, The Epic of Gilgamesh is recorded
    in Mesopotamia, a region in southwest Asia.)

4
Example of Egyptian Art
  • c. 2650-2514
  • http//www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/Hi
    story/Egypt/
  • save/payne/payne.htm

5
Greek Art and Architecture
  • Mythological figurese.g. Zeus, Poseidon
  • Proportion, Balance and Symmetry in architecture
  • Statues begin to show movement and more detail.
  • Greece was colonized in the 700s and 600s B.C.,
    but Acropolis was commissioned in 449 B.C.,
    shortly before Peloponnesian War.
  • Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle lived in the 400s
    and 300s B.C.

6
Examples of Greek Art
  • http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35
    /Ac.parthenon5.jpg

7
Greek Statues


  • Source
  • Wikipedia.org

8
Greek Literature
  • Reliance on Fate and the gods
  • Depicted gods as flawed, like humans
  • Emphasized importance of Know thyself and The
    Golden Mean
  • Major works to remember
  • Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey (9th-8th
    century B.C.)
  • Sophocles Oedipus (5th century B.C.)
  • Sapphos poetry

9
Roman Art and Architecture
  • Practical Artbridges, aquaducts, roadways.
  • Major contributionsarches, domes
  • Distinctive art formthe bust
  • Many Greek art forms and mythological stories
    copied/renamed, but Romans emphasized duty to the
    state and art shifted accordingly.
  • Rome founded in 753 B.C. last Roman emperor
    abdicates in 476 A.D.
  • 392 A.D.-Christianity made official religion of
    Rome.

10
Arch of Constantine-Rome
11
Cicero BustSource Wikipedia.org
12
Roman Literature
  • Virgils The Aeneid (_at_27-14 A.D.)--state-commissio
    ned work to give Rome history like Greece.
  • Marcus Aurelius (166-179 A.D.) wrote Meditations
    on Stoic philosophy
  • Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.) wrote Metamorphoses and
    other poems
  • Roman comedies use formulas later adopted by
    Shakespearemistaken identity, twins separated at
    birth, star-crossed lovers
  • Key Event 313-Edict by Constantine gives
    Christians freedom to practice their religion

13
Middle Ages Timeline(usually dated from Fall of
Roman Empire to Fall of Constantinople)
  • 476-After great expansion and separation of Rome
    into Western and Eastern empires, the Roman
    Empire falls.
  • 570Muhammad born
  • 742-814-rule of Charlemagne, basis for The Song
    of Roland
  • _at_10th centuryBeowulf is written (oldest English
    epic)
  • 1066-Norman Conquest
  • 1095-1291-Crusades
  • 1347-1352 and 1443The Black Death
  • 1453-Constantinople falls to Turks churches such
    as Hagia Sophia become mosques classic texts are
    spread throughout Europe

14
Romanesque Architecture
  • Primarily 11th and 12th centuries
  • Linked to characteristics of Roman architecture
  • Thick walls, rounded arches (component of the
    dome), barrel vaults, cross layout in churches,
    frescoes, relics, bell towers
  • Think of monasteries and churches for pilgrimages
    church is center of every town in Middle Ages.

15
Romanesque BuildingAbbey at Fontenay
16
Gothic Architecture
  • 12th century to 14th century primarily, but
    examples through 16th and 17th centuries
  • Pointed arches, flying buttresses, stained glass
  • Art is considered Bible for the poor, often
    illiterate.
  • Think Notre Dame Cathedral

17
  • Notre
  • Dame
  • Cathedral
  • (constructed
  • 12th-17th
  • Centuries)

18
Flying buttresses
19
Chartres Cathedral(rebuilt in 12th and 13th c.)
20
Saint Chapelle
21
12th-14th century Literature
  • Mostly recorded by monks
  • Strong religious overtones and morality lessons
  • Allegory is common form
  • Main names to remember
  • -Dante, The Divine Comedy
  • -Boccaccio, The Decameron
  • -Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales
  • -Petrarch, sonnets (13th c.)

22
Renaissance Architecture(1400-1600)
  • Early Renaissance architecture was a revival of
    Greek and Roman formsvaults, domes, Greek
    columns, symmetry
  • Major name to remember--Brunelleschi (e.g. dome
    of Florence)
  • Protestant Reformation, beginning with 1534 Act
    of Supremacy, influenced art and literature
  • Beginnings of Baroque were seen as influence of
    Counter-Reformation

23
Florence Duomo
24
Renaissance Art-Leonardos Mona Lisa-16th c.
http//webpages.uncc.edu/sadrake/whwebquesttoc.ht
mMichelangelos David-16th c.
25
Renaissance Literature(1300s-1600s)
  • Often tributes to monarchs or to other
    individuals, but also to learning and humanism
  • Classical forms borrowed for new themes
  • Main names to remember
  • Sonnets--Shakespeare
  • EpicSpensers The Faerie Queene
  • PlaysMarlowes Doctor Faustus, all of
    Shakespeares works (many copying from Roman
    historye.g. Caesaror comedies)
  • Mock Epic/Early Novel-Cervantes Don Quixote

26
17th 18th-century Art and Architecture
  • Baroquestarting in 17th century with emotional,
    rich ornamentation (representing wealth of Church
    as statement in Counter-Reformation, large
    frescoes)
  • Rococo, a variation of Baroque, is usually more
    constrainede.g. Versailles
  • Neoclassicalmid-18th century-oncharacterized by
    sharper colors and lines, a cleaner, classical
    designe.g. Brandenburg Gates, built in late 1700s

27
French Baroque
28
Baroque art-Caravaggio Source
http//www.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/visualar
ts/Image-Library/Caravaggio/Caravaggio-Judith-Behe
ading-Holofernes-1598.jpg
29
Baroque art-Berninis Apollo and Daphne(early
17th c.)
  • http//www.galleriaborghese.it/
  • borghese/en/edafne.htm

30
VersaillesBaroque/Rococo
31
Brandenburg Gates-Neoclassical
32
Versailles-Hall of Mirrors-Baroque
33
18th-Century Literature
  • Novels become populare.g. Defoes Robinson
    Crusoe, Richardsons Pamela
  • SatireJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal and
    Gullivers Travels
  • Alexander Popes essaysWhatever is, is right
  • Periodical journalismAddison and Steele

34
Romanticism(early 19th century)
  • Industrial Revolution (mid-18th-19th c.) and
    increased transportation (passenger
    railways-early 1800s) made some artists and
    writers feel separated from nature/agriculture
  • 1775-1783-American Revolution
  • 1789-French Revolution
  • Art and literature characterized by emotionalism,
    untamed nature, landscapes, single figures in
    isolated settings also the common person is
    romanticized.
  • Artists to remember
  • England-Delacroix, Blake, Turner (Saint Denis),
    Constable Germany-Friedrich Spain-Goya

35
Delacroixs Liberty Leading the
Peoplehttp//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/delacr
oix/liberte/liberty.jpg
36
Caspar Friedrichs The Solitary Tree
http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/friedrich/fr
iedrich.solitary-tree.jpg
37
Joseph Turners The Grand Canal-Venicehttp//www.
ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/turner/i/grand-canal.jpg
38
19th-century writers to remember Romantics and
Victorians
  • Wordsworth-Tintern Abbey and Lyrical Ballads
  • Keats--Odes
  • ByronDon Juan
  • Mary ShelleyFrankenstein
  • Edgar Allan Poeshort stories and The Raven
  • Charles DickensOliver Twist, etc.
  • Jane AustenPride and Prejudice, etc.
  • Louisa May AlcottLittle Women
  • Charlotte Emily BronteJane Eyre Wuthering
    Heights
  • Herman Melville--Moby Dick
  • Walt WhitmanLeaves of Grass

39
ImpressionismInfluence of Light1860s-1880se.g.
Monet
  • http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/

  • auth/monet/waterlilies/monet.wl-green.jpg

40
Post-ImpressionismEmotional, Individual
Perspective1880s-1900se.g. Van Gogh
  • Source
    Wikipedia.org

41
Expressionism/Abstract Expressionismno clear
object or nonrealistic representation--
1910s-1940se.g. Pollock
  • Source http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/pollo
    ck/pollock.male-female.jpg

42
A few writers to remember
  • F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 1925
  • William Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury, 1929
  • Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, 1929
  • T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land, 1922
  • Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, 1925
  • Gertrude Stein, The Autobiography of Alice B.
    Toklas, 1930s
  • Willa Cather, O, Pioneers, 1913

43
Surrealism1924-1950sfantasticale.g. Dalis
Persistence of Memory
  • Source http//www.moma.org/collection/browse_res
    ults.php?object_id79018

44
A few writers to remember
  • George Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion, 1938
  • Samuel BeckettWaiting for Godot (written 1940s,
    published 1952)
  • Tennessee Williams, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, 1955,
    and Streetcar Named Desire, 1948
  • Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman, 1949
  • George Orwell, 1984, 1949

45
Contemporary Art-1960s-presentoften political,
using different mediae.g. Basquiat
  • Source http//ikonltd.com/images/lg/basquiat_Mal
    colm-Morley.jpg

46
A few contemporary writers
  • Edward Albee, Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf,
    1962
  • Truman Capote, In Cold Blood, 1965
  • John Updike (1932- ), novelist of Rabbit, Run
    series
  • Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. (1922-2007), novelist of
    Slaughterhouse Five (1969) and others
  • Sam Shepard (1943- ), playwright of The Curse of
    the Starving Class (1978) and others
  • Adrienne Rich (1929- ), poet
  • Joyce Carol Oates (1938- ), novelist

47
Art Pop Quiz
Which culture brought great examples of
civic engineering such as this?
48
Romanesque or Gothic?
49
What features are Romanesque?
50
What school links all these?
51
What movement links these?
Pollock
Kandinsky, 1923
52
What movement links these?
Matt Ernst, 1937
Salvador Dali, 1941
53
What makes this Gericault painting (Raft of the
Medusa) Romantic with a capital R?
54
Literature Pop Quiz
  • 1. When did the novel emerge?
  • 2. What are the most dominant literary forms
    from the Greeks?
  • 3. What is a sonnet?
  • 4. When did the Romantic poets write?
  • 5. Who would have been responsible for recording
    literature in the Middle Ages?
  • 6. What is an allegory?
  • 7. What is a fable?
  • 8. Would modern literature be more or less
    realistic than stories of the Middle Ages?

55
Key Authors
  • 1. What literary form is Jonathan Swift known
    for?
  • 2. John Keats, William Wordsworth, and Samuel
    Taylor Coleridge are all poets of what period?
  • 3. Samuel Beckett, Bertolt Brecht, and George
    Bernard Shaw are best known for writing what form
    of literature?
  • 4. What time period or culture should these
    names be associated withPlato? William
    Shakespeare? Chaucer? Jane Austen?
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