Project:%20IEEE%20P802.15%20Working%20Group%20for%20Wireless%20Personal%20Area%20Networks

1
Project IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless
Personal Area Networks Submission Title Status
report of the subgroup on channel modeling Date
Submitted March 16, 2005 Source (1) Bruce
Bosco, Motorola (2) Celestino Corral,
Freescale (3) Shahriar Emami, Freescale (4)
Gregg Levin, BridgeWave (5) Abbie Mathew,
NewLANS Purpose Contribution to 802.15 SG3c
at March 2005 meeting in Atlanta,
GA Notice This document has been prepared to
assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a
basis for discussion and is not binding on the
contributing individual(s) or organization(s).
The material in this document is subject to
change in form and content after further study.
The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add,
amend or withdraw material contained
herein. Release The contributor acknowledges and
accepts that this contribution becomes the
property of IEEE and may be made publicly
available by P802.15.
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
2
Objective

• Develop channel models based on applications
  submitted in response to the CFA.

Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
3
Status

• Nine conference calls to date
• Participation
• 15 members in subgroup
• Average of 5 per conference call
• 3 minimum (in early days)
• 8 maximum (at the last conference call)
• Tasks completed
• Classified applications
• Reviewed 59 papers and classified them
• Refer to document 148 for details
• Classified operating environment
• Classified channel models

Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
4
Profile of Applications
Description of Applications Outdoor Document Number
1 Vertically connected wireless link, fixed wireless access LOS, simplex Data rate ? Range 33 m Analog signal 6, 92, 352, 649
2 Fixed wireless access, distribution in stadiums, apartments, etc. LOS P2P, P2MP Data rate 156 Mbps to 1 Gbps Range 220 m to 1 km 118, 153, 352
3 Inter-vehicle communication LOS, FDD P2P Data rate 1.25 Gbps duplex Range 10 m 19, 352
.. continued ..
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
5
Profile of Applications
Description of Applications Indoor Document Number
4 Gigabit Ethernet link, wireless IEEE1394, wireless USB Wireless home video server connected to HDTV, PC and other video devices LOS, FDD Data rate 400 Mbps to 3.2 Gbps Range 17 m 19, 348, 351, 653, 665
5 Connecting multimedia devices (wireless home link), ad-hoc meeting, heavy content download, distribution system LOS, TDD Data rate 1 Gbps Range 10m 97, 98, 118, 153, 155, 156, 351, 352, 514
6 Small office/meeting scenario, general office applications, PowerPoint applications LOS and NLOS OFDM Data Rate 200 Mbps Range 2 to 4 m Space diversity 141
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
6
Operating Environment
Environment Environment Environment Model
Indoor Enterprise Convention center A
Indoor Enterprise Open office A
Indoor Enterprise Intra closed office B
Indoor Enterprise Inter closed office C
Indoor Enterprise Warehouse A
Indoor Residential Intra closed room B
Indoor Residential Inter closed room C
Outdoor Enterprise Campus, metro D
Outdoor Enterprise Stadium D
Outdoor Residential Home-to-home D
Outdoor Residential Utility pole-to-home D
Outdoor Residential MDU vertical link D
Outdoor Mobile Vehicle-to-vehicle E
Outdoor Mobile Vehicle-to-fixed station E
.. continued ..
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
7
Operating Environment
Environment Environment Environment Model
Indoor Enterprise Convention center A
Indoor Enterprise Open office A
Indoor Enterprise Warehouse A
Indoor Enterprise Intra closed office B
Indoor Residential Intra closed room B
Indoor Enterprise Inter closed office C
Indoor Residential Inter closed room C
Outdoor Enterprise Campus, metro D
Outdoor Enterprise Stadium D
Outdoor Residential Home-to-home D
Outdoor Residential Utility pole-to-home D
Outdoor Residential MDU vertical link D
Outdoor Mobile Vehicle-to-vehicle E
Outdoor Mobile Vehicle-to-fixed station E
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
8
Model Classification
Model Multipath Obstruction in LOS Doppler
A Light to moderate Humans, walls, etc. Some 3 m/s
B Heavy Humans, walls, etc. Some 3 m/s
C Very heavy Humans, walls, etc. Some 3 m/s
D Very light to moderate Atmospheric particulates, glass, etc. None
E Moderate to heavy Atmospheric particulates, walls, etc. Heavy, speed 95 km/h
Indoor
Outdoor
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
9
Qualification of Data Rate

• Specify if the data rate is at the PHY SAP or PMD
  SAP
• Any reference to data rate will assume simplex
  link as existing 802.15.3 MAC only supports TDD

Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
10
Reviewers
Model Reviewers
A Shahriar Emami Abbie Mathew
B Shahriar Emami Abbie Mathew
C Shahriar Emami Abbie Mathew
D Sean Cahill Eli Pasternak
E Bruce Bosco Celestino Corral
Indoor
Will be presented by Gregg Levin
Outdoor
Brief on 802.11p
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
11
Models A, B, C
Indoor Environment

• A Convention center, ware house
• B Residential
• C Office

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
12
Models A, B, C
Findings

• Measurements in a library verify one cluster S-V
  model (BROADWAY).
• Measurements in an office environment verify S-V
  model (Samsung).
• Other measurements have seen multi or single
  cluster structure in S-V model.
• Proposed models include, single and multi cluster
  S-V model, modified S-V and frequency domain
  approach.

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
13
Models A, B, C
Conclusions

• There is a fair amount of published work on 60
  GHz indoor channel modeling.
• Measurement environments include room, library
  and office.
• Majority of published work recommend some form of
  S-V model.
• There is no published results for convention
  center or ware houses environments.

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
14
Models A, B, C
References

1. BROADWAY functional system parameter description
2. BROADWAY study "the 60 GHz channel and its
   modeling"
3. Compound statistical model for 60 GHz channel
4. MEDIAN 60 GHz wideband indoor radio channel
   measurements and model
5. Analysis of 60 GHz band indoor wireless channels
   with channel configuration
6. Indoor channel modeling at 60 GHz for wireless
   LAN application
7. A statistical model for the mmW indoor radio
   channel
8. Wireless broadband multimedia communications in
   mmW frequency domain simulation of the frequency
   selective radio channel

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
15
Models D
Contents

• Operating Environment
• Outdoor Channel Phenomena
• Oxygen effects
• Rain Effects and Prediction models
• Notes on Multipath phenomena
• References

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
16
Models D
Operating Environment
Environment Environment Environment Model
Indoor Enterprise Convention center A
Indoor Enterprise Open office A
Indoor Enterprise Warehouse A
Indoor Enterprise Intra closed office B
Indoor Residential Intra closed room B
Indoor Enterprise Inter closed office C
Indoor Residential Inter closed room C
Outdoor Enterprise Campus, metro D
Outdoor Enterprise Stadium D
Outdoor Residential Home-to-home D
Outdoor Residential Utility pole-to-home D
Outdoor Residential MDU vertical link D
Outdoor Mobile Vehicle-to-vehicle E
Outdoor Mobile Vehicle-to-fixed station E
Shahriar Emami, Freescale
17
Models D
Previous Studies References

• BROADWAY studied 60 GHz for HIPERLAN outdoor
  propagation effects
• CRABS outdoor millimetric wave prop. study
• ITU CCIR reports on propagation through the
  atmosphere
• Xu, Rappaport, Kukshia and Izadpanah
  802.161pc-00_12 42GHz in campus with
  obstructions 200m-600m found multipath

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
18
Models D
General Characteristics

• Expected high bit rates, typical gt1 Gbps
• Otherwise current 802.11 802.15 802.16 will be
  more cost effective
• Expected higher gain antenna to cover distance
• Directional antennas are less sensitive to
  multipath
• At large distance (gt 200 m) oxygen absorption and
  rain scattering/depolarization become significant

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
19
Models D
Channel Model Phenomena

• Basic free-space loss (Lfs)
• Obstructions blockage (Lb)
• Multipath fading/delay spread
• Precipitation link loss by scattering and
  depolarization, dominated by rain effects, (?R)
• Oxygen absorption (?O )
• Channel loss for distance d (all in dB)
• L (d) 20 logl/(4pd) (?O ?R )d
• Note the exponential-distance effect of oxygen
  and rain

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
20
Models D
Oxygen Absorption Rain Attenuation
57-66 GHz(12-16 dB/km)
FSO (30-400 THz)
Shahriar Emami, Freescale
21
Models D
Oxygen Absorption Details (ITU)
Shahriar Emami, Freescale
22
Models D
Oxygen Absorption Details (ITU)

• Peak 15dB/km at 60 GHz
• About 12dB/km at edge of FCC band
• Decreases with altitude, air temperature, falling
  barometric pressure
• Long range links should use band edge and LANs
  should sue the center

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
23
Models D
Rain Zones In The Americas (ITU)
Example 60 GHz Max. Link Distances A 840m B
800m C 775m D 745m E 725m F 690m K
625m M 555m N 480m
141 dB link budget 14 dB/km oxygen loss
99.99 availability
Shahriar Emami, Freescale
24
Models D
Rain Attenuation (dB/Km)
Shahriar Emami, Freescale
25
Models D
Rain Loss Prediction Models

• ITU
• Figure rain statistics from Rep 563-4
• Figure attenuation from Rep. 721-3
• Crane
• More detailed statistics
• More refined rain zones
• Computerized version available
• Available for North America only
• Crane appears to be more pessimistic than ITU

Shahriar Emami, Freescale
26
Models D
60 GHz LOS

• The space between two radios separated distance
  D shall be free of obstacles within a radius R
  (First Fresnel Zone)
• R (at mid point between radios) 0.5 (D
  wavelength)1/2
• For more details BROADWAY-WP1-D2

Path Length (meters) Minimum Clearance (meters)
250 0.56
500 0.79
750 0.97
D
R
Shahriar Emami, Freescale
27
Models D
60 GHz NLOS Path Tools
28
Models D
60GHz LOS Multipath Phenomena

• Negligible under no-precipitation if directional
  antennas are used and the first Fresnel zone is
  unobstructed
• Reflections from objects and ground caused
  multipath as reported by BROADWAY, CRABS and Xu.
• Outdoor short-range applications need multipath
  model. Since S_V is general enough, it could be
  adopted for these applications.

29
Models D
References

• ITU, Reports of the CCIR, 1990, Annex to Volume
  V, Propagation in Non-Ionized Media
• BROADWAY WP1D2 2001 Functional System
  Parameters Description, including Annex 1 and
  Annex 2.
• CRAB D3P1B 1999 Propagation Planning Procedure
  For LMDS
• Xu, Rappaport, Kukshia and IzadpanahSpatial and
  Temporal Characteristics of 60-GHz
• Indoor Channels - 802.161pc-00_12

30
Model E
Outdoor Mobile Environment

• Vehicle to vehicle
• Vehicle to fixed-station
• Moderate to large multipath effects
• Potentially non LOS
• Doppler effects

Bruce Bosco, Motorola
31
Model E
Findings

• For outdoor, city environments, disregarding
  effects from motion
• In general, if streets are empty (no major
  reflection sources or obstructions) there is a
  tendency that the delay parameter values will
  increase with increasing street width.
• City streets do not normally represent a severe
  multipath situation
• The dimensions of a city square, typically being
  larger than the city streets, results in much
  larger dispersion.
• A road tunnel represents a very homogeneous
  situation and has many similarities to the city
  street environment.
• A parking garage represents a bad multipath
  situation because of the large dimensions and the
  relatively smooth surfaces creating strong
  reflections.

.. continued ..
Bruce Bosco, Motorola
32
Model E
Findings

• For outdoor, city environments, disregarding
  effects from motion
• A decrease on the wall roughness (as for example
  a shopping street with many windows) will lead to
  an increase of the delay (which is due to higher
  reflections from the walls) of about 10 ns.
• The presence of trees in the street decreases the
  values by 3 to 4 ns (assuming that the direct ray
  is not obstructed), which is not very
  significant.
• An increase of the street width will augment the
  values of the parameters of the impulse response.
• Reference 1

Bruce Bosco, Motorola
33
Model E
Findings General

• The 60 GHz channel can be modeled as a received
  waveform that is a superposition of three
  components.
• Propagation along a line of sight path.
• A path reflected from the road surface.
• Paths from the large number of reflectors and
  scatters in vicinity of the road.
• Model proved through extensive simulations.
• Reference 2
• The statistical evaluation of extensive field
  measurements at 60 GHz showed that the channel
  behavior can be described by a Rice/Raleigh
  lognormal process.
• This process describes multipath effects as well
  as shadowing by obstacles.
• Reference 3

.. continued ..
Bruce Bosco, Motorola
34
Model E
Findings General

• A more realistic channel can be realized by
  combining a two-path model with addition
  multipath propagation.
• Range is substantially reduced if LOS is
  obstructed by trees , buildings, etc.
• The minima of the two-path model are filled up by
  the multipath signal.
• Reference 4, 5
• A realistic channel model can be developed using
  a deterministic approach.
• For LOS conditions, only two factors are needed
  to predict the channel model Rice-factor and the
  variance of the antenna height fluctuation.
• Reference 6

Bruce Bosco, Motorola
35
Model E
Conclusions

1. There are some publications and models for 60 GHz
   mobile applications.
2. Models and measured data exists for relative
   vehicle speeds on the order of 108 Km/hr.
3. Path loss models should be applicable.
4. Data related modeling may or may not scale data
   rates in referenced models were in the range of
   Kbps to 10s Mbps

Bruce Bosco, Motorola
36
Model E
References

1. BROADWAY study "the 60 GHz channel and its
   modeling
2. Analysis of a digital modem for continuous phase
   CDMA terrestrial mobile radio
3. Computer aided design and evaluation of mobile
   radio local area networks in RTI/IVHS environment
4. Channel modeling of short range radio links at 60
   GHz for mobile intervehicle communication
5. Propagation characteristics of short range radio
   links at 60 GHz for mobile intervehicle
   communication
6. A new deterministic/stochastic approach to model
   the intervehicle channel at 60 GHz

Bruce Bosco, Motorola
37
Brief on 802.11p
802.11p PAR

• Purpose Amendment to IEEE 802.11 to support
  vehicular communications including rail and
  marine.
• Scope
• Range Up to 1000 m
• Speed Up to 200 km/h
• Band 5.850 - 5.925 GHz in North America
• Data rates Up to 54 Mb/s
• Example Applications
• Intersection collision warning
• Stopped vehicle hazard warning
• Emergency vehicle approach warning
• Work zone warning.
• Road hazard warning.

Celestino Corral, Freescale
38
Brief on 802.11p
Projects With Similar Scope

• ASTM International Standard E2213-03.
• ISO TC204/WG15 wide area communication is working
  on ISO CD 21215 (CALM M5) 802.11p structured so
  as not to overlap with this effort.
• IEEE 802.20 differentiator
• Spot or narrow zone coverage.
• Different frequency band.
• Target safety related transportation application
  at very high data rates up to 27 or 54 Mbps.

Celestino Corral, Freescale
39
Brief on 802.11p
IEEE 802.11p Specifics

• IEEE 802.11p, like ASTM International Standard
  E2213-03 is based on the IEEE 802.11a physical
  layer.
• IEEE 802.11a physical layer is based on OFDM and
  designed for quasi-static environment.
• Assumed channel models are similar to those used
  for IEEE 802.11a. (No 802.11p specific channel
  models have been found.)
• Challenge for 802.11p is mobility. For very
  short messages, 802.11a can handle channel.

S. Sibecas, C. A. Corral, S. Emami and G.
Stratis, On the suitability of 802.11a/RA for
high-mobility DSRC, VTC 2002, vol. 1, pp. 229 -
234.
Celestino Corral, Freescale
40
Brief on 802.11p
Recommendations

• Key differentiators as related to SG3c
• Use of IEEE 802.15 MAC
• Different frequency band
• Higher data rates
• For large data downloads to a stationary vehicle,
  simply form piconet with vehicle (no mobility).
• In application spaces considered, 802.11p meets
  requirements and has support. Activity by SG3c
  along these lines will overlap with 11p and must
  be approved by Excom.

Celestino Corral, Freescale
41
Next Action Items

• Review channel model papers
• Simulate models in mathlab
• Develop a channel model document
• Review cycle
• Submit at IEEE meeting in Garden Grove in
  September

Nine months effort
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
42
Call For Participation

• Request your participation join us!
• Next weekly meeting is on March 21,2005, Monday
• Dial-in number [phone]
• Access code 657719
• Time
• UTC/GMT 1900 hours
• Eastern Standard Time 1400 hours
• Mountain Time 1200 hours
• Pacific Standard Time 1100 hours
• Japan, South Korea 0400 hours, 1 day

Abbie Mathew, NewLANS
43
Time For Future Conference Calls
United States - Massachusetts United States - Arizona United States - California Japan
 Mon 1/24/2005 500 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 300 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 200 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 700 PM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 600 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 400 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 300 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 800 PM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 700 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 500 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 400 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 900 PM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 800 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 600 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 500 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 1000 PM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 900 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 700 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 600 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 1100 PM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 1000 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 800 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 700 AM   Tue 1/25/2005 1200 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 1100 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 900 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 800 AM   Tue 1/25/2005 100 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 1200 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 1000 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 900 AM   Tue 1/25/2005 200 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 100 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 1100 AM   Mon 1/24/2005 1000 AM   Tue 1/25/2005 300 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 200 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 1200 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 1100 AM   Tue 1/25/2005 400 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 300 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 100 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 1200 PM   Tue 1/25/2005 500 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 400 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 200 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 100 PM   Tue 1/25/2005 600 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 500 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 300 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 200 PM   Tue 1/25/2005 700 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 600 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 400 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 300 PM   Tue 1/25/2005 800 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 700 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 500 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 400 PM   Tue 1/25/2005 900 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 800 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 600 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 500 PM   Tue 1/25/2005 1000 AM 
 Mon 1/24/2005 900 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 700 PM   Mon 1/24/2005 600 PM   Tue 1/25/2005 1100 AM 
Abbie Mathew, NewLANS