Great%20Britain/%20United%20Kingdom%20(England,%20Scotland,%20Wales%20and%20Northern%20Ireland)

1
Great Britain/ United Kingdom(England, Scotland,
Wales and Northern Ireland)

• Previously in Great Britain

2
It starts with invasion

• Celts (Britons) (become Wales and Scotland)
• Romans
• Angles (German, brought Anglisch)
• Saxons
• Danes
• Normans (Vikings)
• William of Normandy (in France) invaded in 1066

3
What role did geography play?

• How do you think Britains geography impacted its
  past?

4
Historic structures

• Feudalism
• Decentralized
• Local militaries
• Mixed monarchy
• Struggle between King and nobles or balance
  between King and nobles?
• Led to the Magna Carta in 1215
• Formally limited the King so he would obey his
  feudal obligations
• Not democractic

5
Transitions to democracy

• 1200s knights were coming to London to consult
  with the king
• Kings needed revenue to wage wars (with France of
  course) taxes
• King invited people to his court so he could
  squeeze money out of them
• This would become parliament
• Knights and Burgers House of Commons
• Nobles and church leaders House of Lords

6

• At this point all males, all wealthy
• Still- they kept the King from gaining too much
  power
• 1500s Henry VIII (divorced, beheaded, died,
  divorced, beheaded, survived)
• Split from the Catholic Church
• Began the Anglican Church
• Easier to secularize
• Henry relied on Parliament

7
Parliament vs. King

• 1st round Kings were growing in power in the
  1500s and 1600s divine right theory emerges
  (score one for the king)
• 2nd round absolutism (king wins again)
• 3rd round civil war (Royalists and
  Parliamentarians) and a king is beheaded (Charles
  I) (win for Parliament)
• Round 4 Military dictatorship (score one for
  Cromwell?)
• Round 5 1600s Catholic Charles II comes in and
  manipulates parliament (king scores again)

8

• Round 6 1685 Charles II is very Catholic, which
  gets him removed (Parliament is in the lead)
• Round 7 Mary and William of Orange are brought
  in (protestant) and they sign to English Bill of
  Rights (Glorious Revolution)
• Parliament wins with a knockout in the 7th round!
  King can not collect taxes or laws without
  parliaments consent.

9
Prime minister Head MP

• George I used a cabinet headed by a first, or
  prime, minister
• After the Declaration of Independence, the
  English cabinet became responsible to the
  Commons, not the King
• The government then consisted of the leader of
  the largest party in the House of Commons and
  that leader chose other cabinet members

10
Democratization

• 1700s parties begin to form
• Whigs merchants and manufacturers
• Tories landed aristocracy
• 1800s twp party system emerges
• Whigs turned into the Liberal party
• Tories turned into the Conservative party
• At this time, the House of Lords was a hereditary
  noble group while the House of Commons was home
  to gentry, land owners and better- off people
• Enter Revolutions.

11
Ya say ya want a revolution?

• Democracy
• Right to vote
• Industrial revolution
• A powerful middle class
• An abused working class?
• Reform Act of 1832, headed by the Whigs
• (woo-hoo, now 7 of people can vote)

12
Union

• Both Wales and Scotland were independent kingdoms
  which resisted English rule.
• 1707 England and Scotland unified as Great
  Britain.
• Legislative union of Ireland and Great Britain
  completed 1801 under name United Kingdom.
• 1921 Irish Free State established (Republic after
  WWII)
• Six northern, predominantly Protestant, Irish
  counties have remained part of the United Kingdom.

13

• 1867 16 of people could vote
• 1884 mostly male suffrage
• 1918 women got the vote
• VERY SLOW GROWTH
• Allows for an educated electorate
• People dont get the vote until they want the
  vote
• Edmund Burke conservatism is constant but never
  radical change. Modify!

14
Welfare states

• By the 1900s British parliament was looking at
  issues like
• Public education
• Housing
• Jobs
• Healthcare
• By the end of WWI Labour (very centrist) had
  become a larger party than the Liberals
• Chief quarrel has come from the idea of a welfare
  state

15

• Institutions developed which are characteristic
  of Britain
• political, administrative, cultural and economic
  center in London
• a separate but established church
• a system of common law
• distinctive and distinguished university
  education and
• representative government.

16
British Expansion and Empire

• Foreign trade
• Sea power protected English trade and opened up
  new routes
• British empire roughly one-fifth to
  one-quarter of the worlds area and population.
• Colonies contributed to the UKs economic growth
  and strengthened its voice in world affairs as
  well as developing and broadening its democratic
  institutions at home.

17
British Empire 1719
18
The Sun Never Sets
19
20th Century

• By early 1900s, UKs comparative economic
  advantage had lessened.
• UKs preeminent international position eroded
• Ireland gained independence in 1921.
• Nationalism grew in other parts of the empire
  (ex. India, Egypt)

20
Commonwealth of Nations

• Autonomy granted to number of states within the
  Empire
• Commonwealth formed
• British empire dismantled became independent
  members of the Commonwealth.

http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0813057.htm
l
21
Just to reiterate

• UK usually is referring to England, Scotland,
  Wales and N Ireland
• The government refers to cabinet ministers
• House of Lords have lost a lot of power but still
  carry judicial and legislative weight
• While having no formal constitution, British laws
  can be declared unconstitutional due to common
  law practice