Chapter 16-4, continued

1

• SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts
  to reform American society and politics in the
  Progressive Era.
• Explain Upton Sinclairs The Jungle and federal
  oversight of the meatpacking industry.
• b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and
  describe the role of women in reform movements.
• c. Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v.
  Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.
• d. Explain Ida Tarbells role as a muckraker.
• e. Describe the significance of progressive
  reforms such as the initiative, the recall, and
  referendum direct election of senators reform of
  labor laws and efforts to improve living
  conditions for the poor in cities.

2
Sponge Tuesday, March 27

• Who was John D. Rockefeller, what was his
  companys name, and what was significant about
  his company?
• What is vertical integration?
• How would a nativist view people who came through
  Ellis Island and Angel Island?
• Find a textbook to use in class today.

3
US INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA

• Following the assassination of President William
  McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th
  President of the United States at the young,
  young age of 43.

4
US INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA

• Roosevelt envisioned a canal across the isthmus
  of Panama.
• ???WHY???
• 1.) Canal would serve US economic and military
  interests by allowing ships to travel back and
  forth between US territories in the Pacific and
  US territories in the Atlantic without having to
  go around South America.

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US INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA

• PROBLEM the Columbian government which
  controlled the territory would not sell or lease
  the land necessary for the canal.
• In 1903 the Panamanians launched a rebellion
  against the Columbians

7
US INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA

• SOLUTION Roosevelt responded by providing US
  naval support that helped the Panamanians win
  their independence.
• In return, the Panamanians allowed the US to
  lease the land that was needed for the canal
• Construction lasted from 1905-1914 and was
  controlled by the US until 1977 when President
  Jimmy Carter return control of the canal back to
  Panama. The Panamanians took full control in
  1999.

8
US INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA

• By the 1900s, America was becoming a WORLD
  player.
• Roosevelt issued the ROOSEVELT COROLLARY.
• Expanded the Monroe Doctrine which said that the
  US would not tolerate European powers to colonize
  independent nations on the Western Hemisphere,
  nor would the US interfere in those nations.
• Corollary US had the right to intervene if a
  nation had trouble paying its debts. WHY???

9
US INVOLVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA

• Roosevelt wanted to make sure that imperialist
  nations would not use debt collection as an
  excuse to occupy the Caribbean or Latin America.
• Roosevelts BIG STICK DIPLOMACYsee cartoon on
  page 568 of textbook
• The United States would not be a threat in the
  Western Hemisphere, but we would not hesitate to
  protect our interest.

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11
Progressivism the Progressive Era
12

• SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts
  to reform American society and politics in the
  Progressive Era.
• Explain Upton Sinclairs The Jungle and federal
  oversight of the meatpacking industry.
• b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and
  describe the role of women in reform movements.
• d. Explain Ida Tarbells role as a muckraker.

13
What was a Progressive?

• Someone who works for a change through politics
  and social reform
• At the end of the 1800s, few in the country were
  wealthy and prosperous, while poor and immigrants
  continued to live and work in harsh conditions
• Progressives tended to be white, middle-class
  Protestants and believed that society could be
  made better through government regulation
• Progressive reforms strengthened American
  democracy

14
Progressive Presidents

• Teddy Roosevelt
• William H. Taft
• Woodrow Wilson

15
4 Goals of the Progressives

• 1. Protecting Social Welfare- relieve urban
  problems (YMCA, Salvation Army)

16

• 2. Promoting Moral Reform- improve personal
  behavior (18th amendment-Prohibition)
• Anti-Saloon league

17

• 3. Creating Economic Reform- Eugene V. Debs
  started the American Socialist Party

18

• 4. Fostering Efficiency- scientific management
  tried to increase the efficiency of American
  society
• Ex Henry Fords assembly line

19
The Jungle

• Fictional novel by Upton Sinclair exposing the
  conditions of European immigrants working in the
  meatpacking industry in Chicago
• Poor labor practices and unsanitary conditions
• Contaminated food

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Results

• After reading Upton Sinclairs The Jungle,
  President Roosevelt pushed for the Meat
  Inspection Act
• Pure Food and Drug Act- truth in labeling

22
Muckrakers

• Journalists who exposed the muck of big
  business and government
• Exposed political corruption, child labor, slum
  conditions and other social issues

23
Ida Tarbell Journalist/Writer/Muckraker

• Exposed the corruption of Rockefellers Standard
  Oil Company
• Called for reforms of U.S. business and break-up
  of monopolies
• The U.S. government broke up the Standard Oil
  Trust

24
Work Period Tuesday, March 27

• Discuss essential questions 1 and 2 with your
  group. Each person must write two paragraphs in
  answer to question 1 and one paragraph in answer
  to 2.
• Create a flow map that puts the following in
  chronological order Ida Tarbells exposure of
  Standard Oil, the Pullman Strike, founding of the
  AFL, publication of The Jungle, the opening of
  Ellis Island, Jane Addams establishment of the
  Hull House, Plessy v. Ferguson, formation of
  NAACP, ratification of the 19th Amendment

25
Sponge Wednesday, March 28

• Unit test tomorrow on standards 11-14
• Make sure you bring your notebook to class
  tomorrow for notebook checks!!
• You will need a text book for class today.
• How would a Progressive likely have felt about a
  bill that removed government oversight of mining
  safety?
• What were the main goals of early labor unions
  and what factors contributed to their creation?

26
SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts
to reform American society and politics in the
Progressive Era. b. Identify Jane Addams and
Hull House and describe the role of women in
reform movements. c. Describe the rise of Jim
Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of
the NAACP. e. Describe the significance of
progressive reforms such as the initiative, the
recall, and referendum direct election of
senators reform of labor laws and efforts to
improve living conditions for the poor in
cities. f. Describe the conservation movement
and the development of national parks and
forests include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.
27
Role of Women in the Progressive Era

• Jane Addams- set up a settlement house in Chicago
  called the Hull House that served the slum areas
• Social-service agency that provided educational,
  cultural, and social services also helped fight
  for better education and child-labor laws
• Other settlement houses were set up in poor
  neighborhoods where social activists would offer
  assistance to the poor

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Other women reformers

• Carry Nation promoted temperance and Prohibition
  (18th Amendment ratified in 1919)the limitation
  and elimination of alcohol
• Florence Kelley improved women/child-labor laws

30
Other women reformers

• Susan B. Anthony led womens suffrage movement
• Formal organization of the movement started in
  1848 with the Seneca Falls Convention
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton was another leader
• 19th Amendment was passed by Congress and
  ratified in 1920gave women the vote nationwide

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The Progressive Movement and Race

• After Reconstruction, Jim Crow laws became common
  in the South
• Required segregation of blacks and whites in
  public places
• Voting Restrictions
• Literacy test- must pass a written test to vote
• Poll tax- must pay a tax to vote
• Grandfather clause- even if a man failed the two
  tests, he could still vote if his father or
  grandfather was eligible before 1867

34
Plessy v. Ferguson

• See pp 496-497 in the textbook
• What was the Supreme Courts holding?
• How did the ruling affect Southern states?
• How and when was Plessy overturned?

35

• Jim Crow laws- segregation laws in the South
• applied to hospitals, schools, transportation,
  parks, railway cars, restaurants
• Why were they implemented?
• To separate white and black people

36
Jim Crow
37
Jim Crow laws.

• Georgia
• no colored barber shall cut white womens hair
• White baseball teams shall not play within two
  blocks of a playground used by blacks, and vice
  versa
• Books shall not be interchangeable between the
  white and black schools

38
Plessy v. Ferguson

• Homer Plessy
• 1/8 African American violated Louisiana law by
  sitting in a whites only railway car
• Sued claiming law was unconstitutional

39

• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)- Supreme Court said
  that segregation of the races was legal and did
  not violate the 14th amendment
• Segregation was legal as long as the separate
  facilities and services were equal
• separate but equal

40
NAACP

• National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People, founded Feb. 12, 1909
• Wanted full equality between the races
• Current principal objective is to ensure the
  political, educational, social and economic
  equality of minority group citizens of United
  States and eliminate race prejudice. Seeks to
  remove all barriers of racial discrimination
  through the democratic processes.
• W.E.B. DuBois was one of the NAACP founders and
  the only African American executive when
  organization began

41

• W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) urged African
  Americans to demand immediately all the right
  guaranteed by the Constitution

• Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) urged a patient
  and slow move toward equality

42
SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts
to reform American society and politics in the
Progressive Era. e. Describe the significance
of progressive reforms such as the initiative,
the recall, and referendum direct election of
senators reform of labor laws and efforts to
improve living conditions for the poor in
cities. f. Describe the conservation movement
and the development of national parks and
forests include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.
43
Progressives Political Reforms

• Progressives were not happy with political
  bosses who accumulated political power through
  corrupt practices including intimidation,
  vote-buying and bribery
• Bosses were typically local politicians like city
  councilmen, mayors and state elected officials
• Progressive election reforms helped increase
  ordinary citizens direct control of government

44
Political Reforms

• 17th Amendment (1913) Provided for the direct
  election of Senators by citizens (rather than by
  state legislatures)
• Recall Allows voters to remove public officials
  before their term ends by holding another
  election
• Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger of California was
  initially elected after his predecessor was
  removed in a recall election

45
Political Reforms

• Initiative A bill originated with the people
  rather than lawmakers by collecting signatures
  to support an initiative, this can prevent
  lawmakers from ignoring an important issue
• Ex Flag issue in GA
• Referendum When enough citizens support an
  initiative, the government has to allow a vote on
  the initiative which is called a referendum
• For example, Sunday alcohol sales in Georgia

46
Progressive Amendments

• 16th Amendment (1913) Established federal income
  tax (individual and business)
• 17th Amendment (1913) U.S. Senators directly
  elected by citizens of each state rather than by
  state legislatures
• 18th Amendment (1919) Prohibitionprohibited the
  making, selling or transportation of alcoholic
  beverages
• 19th Amendment (1920) Womens suffrage

47
Reform of State Labor Laws

• Limited weekly working hours
• Created workers compensation which required
  employers to provide medical and financial
  assistance to workers who were hurt on the job
• Banned child labor states passed minimum age
  laws
• Some states passed laws limiting hours and
  occupations of women
• Implemented fire/safety codes that applied to the
  work place
• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) locked
  exits prevented workers from escaping fire 146
  died

48
Conservation protect natural resources

• TR began a Progressive conservation movement
• Created National Parks Yellowstone, Yosemite,
  Sequoia (particularly in the West)

49
Work Period Wednesday, March 28

• With your group, discuss the standard break-down
  sheet and fill yours out as a review for the test