How did colonial exploitation and traditional culture and religion contribute to the decolonization of Indonesia?

1
How did colonial exploitation and traditional
culture and religion contribute to the
decolonization of Indonesia?

• Group members Bethany Chan (4)?
• Karena Lai (17)?
• Ida Lau (20)?
• Carman Lee (22)?
• Michelle Mak (26)?

2
What is decolonization?

• Decolonization refers to the process during which
  a colonial power retreats from and transfers
  political power to its colonies

3
Background information of Indonesia
- The Dutch colonized Indonesia in the early 17th
century- Consists of 17,000 islands- 180 ethnic
groups, and regional and local -Imperial Japan
occupied Indonesia during World War II from
March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945.
The period was one of the most critical in
Indonesian history.
4
Colonial exploitation
Many who lived in areas considered important to
the war effort experienced... - torture, - sex
slavery, - arbitrary arrest and execution, -
other war crimes.
5
Colonial exploitation

• Many thousands of people were taken away from
  Indonesia ...
• - as unfreed labour (romusha) for Japanese
  military projects, including the Burma-Siam
  Railway, and suffered or died as a result of
  ill-treatment and starvation.

6
Colonial exploitation

• During the World War II occupation..
• - tens of thousands of Indonesians were to
  starve, work as slave labourers, or be forced
  from their homes.
• - tens, even hundreds, of thousands (including
  civilians), died in fighting against the
  Japanese,
• - four million people died in Indonesia as a
  result of famine and forced labour during the
  Japanese occupation, including 30,000 European
  civilian internees.

7
Colonial exploitation

• Materially...
• - whole railway lines, railway rolling stock,
  and industrial plants in Java were appropriated
  and shipped back to Japan and Manchuria.

8
Traditional culture and religions

• acting as a unifying force
• as powerful elements in stimulating the growth of
  nationalism and the rise of anticolonial
  feelings.

9
Sukarno (Nationalist leader) make use of the
culture and religions in his struggle for
national independence
Example (1)?

• Introduced the Five principles(Belief in one
  supreme God, humanism, national unity,
  consultative democracy and social justice )?

Example (2)?

• instigated a number of monuments celebrating
  Indonesia's identity

Sukarno
10
The 5 concepts of Pancasila (Five principles)?
1. Belief in 1 Supreme God.2. A just and
civilized humanity.3. Nationalism, the unity of
Indonesia.4. Democracy, guided by wisdom of
unanimity arising from discussion and
mutual assisistance 5. Social justice, the
equality of political rights and the rights of
citizenship, as well as social and
cultural equality.

• Required Indonesians to adopt one religion
• Guaranteed freedom of religion

• Unified the nations in terms of religious and
  equal cultural
• Helped the growth of nationalism

11
Monas (built during the Sukarno era of fierce
nationalism)- stands for the people's
determination to achieve freedom - the crowning
of their effort in the Proclamation of
Independence (1945)
12
Religion
In Indonesia a local girls school was founded
by R.A Kartini Budi Utomo won peoples support.
Succeeded in reviving Indonesias traditional
culture and religion.
R.A Kartini
Paved the way for the establishment of the
nationwide Sarekat Islam(1912)?
Sarekat Islam congress in 1913
Sought to bring all Indonesian Muslims together
under the banner of reformist Muslim ideas-
strove to fight for the national independence
from the Netherlands
13
Culture
Example(1) Bahasa Indonesia

• National language of Indonesia
• promoted by Sukarno
• overarching the vast cultural
• differences of the heterogeneous
• population

A book introducing the Indonesian language and
culture
14
Example(2) Archaeology that retold the history
of Indonesia
Antiquities and temples were recovered due to
modern archaeological work

• specialized in ancient Southeast Asian history
• People had a chance to learn the history of their
  countries

15
Conclusion of Colonial exploitation

• Colonial exploitation was one of the causes
  leading to decolonization.
• Imperial Japan occupied Indonesia during World
  War II from
• March 1942 until after the end of War in 1945.
  Japan proposed to lead the fight against the west
  and to establish the Greater East Asia
  Co-Prosperity Sphere in order to rebuild Asia.
  However, the Southeast Asian people including the
  Indonesians soon realized that the rule of the
  Japanese was much more repressive than that of
  the westerners.
• After that, Indonesia changed to view Japan as
  their new fighting target and their nationalist
  feeling was further enhanced.

16
Conclusion (traditional culture and religious)?

• - Stimulating the growth of nationalism and the
  rise of anticolonial
• feelings -gt achieved to be a unify force of
  Indonesia.
• - The Nationalist leader ,Sukarno, made use of
  the culture and
• religious in his struggle for national
  independence. The Five principles and the
  building of monuments unified the nations in
  terms of religious.

• With the establishment of Sarekat Islam(1912),
  intergration of language and recovery of
  Antiquities and temples
• Nurtured nationalism among Indonesians
• Enabled the peoples to be aware of their own
  tradition
• and glorious past

People fought for national independence -gt
decolonization
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This the end of our presentation
Thank you