???????????? ????????? Employee Confidence, Job Satisfaction and Age Discrimination Survey

1
?????????????????????Employee Confidence, Job
Satisfaction and Age Discrimination Survey

• ??????????????
• ??????????
• Applied Research Conducted by
• Prof. Kwok LEUNG and Dr. Olivia Ip
• Department of Management,
• City University of Hong Kong

Press Release on 28 May 2007
2
???? Background Information

• ????????????????????,?????????????
• ?????????,?2007?3?20??4?30?????????805?18????,????
  ??????
• ????????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????,???????????
• The survey aims at understanding the confidence
  of Hong Kong employees towards their jobs, their
  job satisfaction and their attitudes towards age
  discrimination .
• It was conducted during March 20 April 30,
  2007. A total of 805 Hong Kong citizens aged 18
  or above, who currently have a full time job,
  were interviewed.

3
???? Sample Overview

• ????805
• ???(53) / ?(47)
• ??30??(22.5) / 30 39 (28.1) / 40???(49.4)
• ??????(39.1) / ??(60.9)
• ????(33.7) / ??(57.1) / ??(9.2)
• ?????????(55.4) / ?????(44.6)
• ???????????
• Total sample 805
• Sex Male (53) / Female (47)
• Age Below 30 (22.5) / 30 39 (28.1 ) / 40 or
  above (49.4 )
• Marriage status Single (39.1 ) / Married (60.9
  )
• Job position Lower level (33.7 ) / Middle level
  (57.1 ) / Upper level (9.2 )
• Education level Primary and Secondary (55.4 ) /
  Tertiary or above (44.6 )
• Average of years of working with the current
  company 8 years

4
???????? Hong Kong Employee Confidence Index
(HKECI)
5

• ???????? (HKECI ??ECI ) ?????????????????????
• ECI ??10?????3??????????????,??????

• Hong Kong Employee Confidence Index (HKECI
  shortened to ECI ) aims to measure employees
  views and satisfaction towards various aspects of
  their jobs.
• The 10 questions in ECI fall into 3 categories
  Well-Being, Job Security, and Job Prospect.

6

• ECI ?? 0-10????,???????????????
• ??,?????????????????????

• ECI is measured on a scale of 0-10. A higher
  score represents a higher overall confidence of
  the employee.
• In addition, respondents were also asked about
  their views on the overall job market in Hong
  Kong.

7
?????? ??????2005/2006???ECI Analyses by
Sectors and Comparison with 2005/2006
8
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) ??????
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
8
9
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) ??????
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
10
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) ??????
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
11
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) ??????
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
12
?????? (I) Major Findings (I)

• ?? ECI??????,????????? ??????????
• ???????,???????? (?2006 ??3.83???4.37?
• With regards to Well-being, compared to the last
  two years, employees perception of Job
  performance has improved.
• With regards to Job Prospect, employees view of
  Opportunity for salary raise is substantially
  better than that of 2006 and 2005.

13
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) ??????
Mean???
5.48
5.72
5.82
11-point scale 0-4.9 low 5-7.9 medium
8-10 high ???? 0-4.9 ? 5-7.9
? 8-10 ?
13
14
ECI Sub-indexes ??????????
Mean???
2007
2006
2005
2007
6.96
6.55
6.99
6.77
6.51
6.93
3.90
4.11
3.96
11-point scale 0-4 low 4.1-8.9 medium
9-10 high ???? 0-4 ? 41-8.9 ?
9-10 ?
15
Mean???
3.87
4.22
4.49
11-point scale 0-4 low 5-8 medium
9-10 high ???? 0-4 ? 5-8 ?
9-10 ?
16
?????? (II) Major Findings (II)

• ???????????????,???5.82?,??2006??????
• ??70??????????????,??3???????.
  ?2006???,???????????????? ?
• This survey shows that the employee confidence
  level of Hong Kong is moderate, with an ECI mean
  of 5.82, which is slightly higher than that of
  2006.
• About 70 of the respondents have an average
  level of ECI, while about 3 have a high ECI.
  Compared to the results of 2006, the proportion
  of respondents with a middle level of ECI
  increased.

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?????? (II) Major Findings (II)

• ?????(???6.99)??????(???6.93) ??????(???4.11)??,??
  ???,?????????????????????????????????????????,????
  ???????????????
• The mean scores of Well-being (6.99) and Job
  security (6.93) are higher than those of Job
  prospect (4.11). Compared to the results of the
  past two years, these three aspects have been
  improved to a certain degree, which shows that
  respondents regarded their well-being and the
  market as better than before, but they didnt
  have enough confidence for finding a better job.

17
18
?????? (II) Major Findings (II)

• ??,?????????????????(??4.49?),????????????????????
  ?
• ???2006??4.22?,?????2007?????????????????
• There is moderate optimism towards the overall
  job market (average score 4.49). This indicates
  that job search prospects are all right.
• Compared to the score of 2006 (average score
  4.22), respondents think that the overall job
  market has improved (4.49).

19
?????? ?????? (??)ECI Analyses by Industry
(by Sector)
20
ECI Analyses by Industries ?????????
(N no. of respondents)
(N42)
(N65)
Mean ECI 5.82
(N87)
(N130)
(N59)
(N74)
(N45)
(N274)
???
????
?????
??????
????????
???????
??????????
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
???
21
Employee Confidence Index (ECI)
??????Restaurants hotels ??????
Well-Being?????
Job Security?????
Job Prospect????
11-point scale 0-5 low 5-8 medium
8-10 high ???? 0-5 ? 5-8 ?
8-10 ?
22
Employee Confidence Index (ECI) ??????Wholesale,
retail ??,???
Well-Being?????
Job Security?????
Job Prospect????
11-point scale 0-5 low 5-8 medium
8-10 high ???? 0-5 ? 5-8 ?
8-10 ?
23
?????? (III) Major Findings (III)

• ?????,??????(???5.59)????(???5.62)????(???5.72)???
  ??????????????????(???6.04)???????????????????????
  ??????(???5.93)???????????
• With regards to differences between industries,
  restaurants and hotels (average score 5.59),
  manufacturing (average score 5.62) and
  construction (average score 5.72) have lower
  scores than others. Wholesale,retail (average
  score6.04) has a higher score than other
  industries.

24
ECI Sub-indexes??,????????????????
Mean???
(Overall mean 6.99)
7.11
7.08
24
11-point scale 0-5 low 5.1-8 medium
8.1-10 high ???? 0-5 ? 5.1-8 ?
8.1-10 ?
25
ECI Sub-indexes ??,????????????????
Mean???
(Overall mean 6.93)
6.84
6.38
25
11-point scale 0-5 low 5.1-8 medium
8.1-10 high ???? 0-5 ? 5.1-8 ?
8.1-10 ?
26
ECI Sub-indexes ??,????????????????
Mean???
(Overall mean 4.11)
4.58
3.72
26
11-point scale 0-5 low 5.1-8 medium
8.1-10 high ???? 0-5 ? 5.1-8 ?
8.1-10 ?
27
?????? (IV) Major Findings (IV)

• ???????,??????????????,?????????????,?????????????
  ,???????????
• Respondents in the Wholesale, retail industries
  and the Restaurants and hotels industries
  reported similar levels of confidence in regards
  to Well-being. However, the former indicated much
  higher levels of confidence than the latter in
  regards to Job Security and Job Prospect.

28
?????? ????ECI Analyses by Demographics
29
Employee Confidence Index by Gender??????????
??
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
30
Employee Confidence Index by Gender??????????
??
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
31
Employee Confidence Index by Age Group??????????
??
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
32
Employee Confidence Index by Age Group??????????
??
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
33
Employee Confidence Index by Education
Level?????????? ??
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
33
34
Employee Confidence Index by Education
Level?????????? ??
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
34
35
Employee Confidence Index by Job
Position?????????? ??
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
35
36
Employee Confidence Index by Job
Position?????????? ??
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
36
37
?????? (V) Major Findings (V)

• ????????????
• ????????,??????????????,??????????
• 40??????????,???????30?????????,???????
• 40????????????????,?????????????,???????????????
• ?????????????????,???????

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?????? (V) Major Findings (V)

• ECI of females is higher than that of males.
• Job security and Job well-being of females are
  higher than those of males, while Job prospect of
  females is lower than that of males.
• Employees aged 40 and above 40, and with less
  education, tend to have lower ECI. However,
  employees aged below 30, and with higher
  education tend to have higher ECI.
• Compared with people aged below 40, employees
  aged 40 and above 40 tend to have the lowest
  confidence with regards to their own Job
  prospect.
• Compared with people in middle or senior
  positions, people in low-level positions tend to
  have lower ECI.

39
Employee Confidence Index by Occupations?????????
? ????
(Nno. of respondents)
(N172)
(N143)
(N83)
(N152)
(N123)
(N27)
(N27)
(N24)
Mean ECI 5.82
(N47)
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
40
Employee Confidence Index by Occupations?????????
? ????
11-point scale 0 lowest 10 highest ????
0 ??, 10 ??
41
?????? (VI) Major Findings (VI)

• ????????????????????,??????????????
• ??/????????????????????,???????????????
• ??/???????????????????,???????????????
• ??/???????????????????? ,??????????????

42
?????? (VI) Major Findings (VI)

• Managers/ administrators and Shop sales workers
  tend to have higher ECI, while those employed in
  Elementary occupations having the lowest ECI.
• Managers/ administrators and Craft and related
  workers report high Job well-being scores, while
  those employed in Elementary occupations report
  the lowest Job well-being scores.
• Managers/ administrators and Associate
  professionals tend to have higher Job security,
  while those employed in Elementary occupations
  tend to have low Job security.
• Managers/administrators and Shop sales workers
  report the highest scores on Job prospect, while
  those employed in Elementary occupations report
  the lowest scores on Job prospect.

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Employees Job Satisfaction ???????
44

• ?????????????????????????
• ?????????11???,????????????????????
• ?11?????1 7????,????????????????
• Employees Job Satisfaction aims to measure
  employees satisfaction towards various aspects
  of their work.
• There are 11 questions in this index, including
  satisfaction about salary, fringe benefits and
  work hour, etc.
• The 11 questions are based on a scale of 1 7,
  and a higher score represents a higher overall
  level of employee satisfaction.

45
Employees Job Satisfaction ???????
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
46
Employees Job Satisfaction ???????
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
47
Job Satisfaction Ranking ???????
Mean???
1
5.5
2
4.8
3
4.5
4
4.6
5
4.6
6
4.6
4.6
7
8
4.3
9
4.1
10
3.3
11
3.2
7-point scale 1-3 low 4 medium 5-7
high ??? 1-3 ? 4 ?
5-7 ?
48
?????? (I) Major Findings (I)

• ??????????????????,???4.93?,?2005??,????2006????,?
  ?????????????????
• ????????????????,???????????????
• ???????????????????
• The results of this survey indicate that the
  employees of HK tend to have a high overall job
  satisfaction (average score 4.93). However,
  compared to that of 2006, their overall job
  satisfaction this year has fallen.
• Employees are most satisfied with relationships
  with colleagues, followed by relationships with
  superiors, and work hours.
• They are least satisfied with promotion and
  training opportunity.

49
Employees Job Satisfaction by Industry
??????? ??
Mean JS 4.93
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
50
Employees Job Satisfaction Construction
Industry ??????? ???
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
51
Employees Job Satisfaction Community/social
personal services Industry??????? ???????????
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
52
Employees Job Satisfaction by Occupation
??????? ????
(N172)
(N143)
(N83)
(N152)
(N123)
(N27)
(N27)
Mean JS 4.93
(N24)
(N47)
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
53
Employees Job Satisfaction by Job
Position??????? ??
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
54
Employees Job Satisfaction by Gender ???????
??
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
55
Employees Job Satisfaction by Age Group
??????? ??
7-point scale 1 Extremely dissatisfied 7
Extremely satisfied ??? 1 ?????, 7 ????
56
?????? (II) Major Findings (II)

• ????????????????(???4.63),???????????????????(???5
  .12)
• ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????,
  ????????????????
• ????,?????????????????????

56
57
?????? (II) Major Findings (II)

• Construction industry employees tend to have the
  lowest overall job satisfaction (average score
  4.63), while the employees of Community, social
  personal services tend to have the highest
  overall job satisfaction (average score 5.12).
• This survey shows that respondents working as
  managers and administrators tend to have higher
  job satisfaction.
• Respondents working as Plant, machine operators
  assemblers and Elementary occupations have lower
  job satisfaction.
• More senior, female and older respondents tend to
  have higher job satisfaction.

58
Age discrimination (AD)????
59

• ???? (AD)???????????????
• AD????3???????????????????,????????????
• ?????? (ADI)??5?,????????3?,?1
  5????,?????????????????????
• ?????????????2?,?15????,????,??????????????
• ??,???????????????????,????????????

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• Age Discrimination (AD) aims to measure the issue
  of age discrimination in employment.
• AD has 3 aspects Age Discrimination Index (ADI)
  , Reasons of age discrimination, Elimination of
  age discrimination.
• Age Discrimination Index (ADI) includes 5 items.
  Reasons of age discrimination includes 3 items,
  based on a scale of 1 5. Higher scores reflect
  serious age discrimination.
• The elimination of age discrimination includes 2
  items, based on a scale of 15. Higher scores
  reflect higher consensus to eliminate age
  discrimination.

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Age Discrimination (AD) ????
N805
62
???????------Sample overview

• ???155
• ???(49) / ?(51)
• ??30??(17) / 30 39 (27) / 40???(56)
• ????(45) / ??(49) / ??(6)
• ???????(63)/?????(37)

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Age Discrimination Index (ADI) ??????
N155
Mean???
5-point scale 1 Extremely disagree 5
Extremely agree ??? 1 ?????, 5 ????
64
Age Discrimination (AD) ????
The reasons of age discrimination ??????
N155
Mean???
5-point scale 1 Extremely disagree 5
Extremely agree ??? 1 ?????, 5 ????
65
Age Discrimination (AD) ????
?????? Eliminating age discrimination
N805
5-point scale 1 Extremely disagree 5
Extremely agree ??? 1 ?????, 5 ????
66
Age Discrimination (AD) ????
????????? Enacting a law to eliminate age
discrimination
N805
67
Age Discrimination (AD) ????
N805
68
?????? (I) Major Findings (I)

• ????????,?155???????????????,???????19.3?
  ???????(80.7)??????????????
• ???????3.33,??????????,?????????????????????(aver
  age score 3.76),????????????(average score 2.71)
• ??????????????????,?????????.
• ????????,???????????????????
• ??????(??????75,N805)??????????????55-65???,????
  ????????55-65????
• ???????(N805),?77?????????????????????,??23????
  ????????

69
?????? (I) Major Findings (I)

• Only 155 respondents (accounts for 19.3 of total
  sample) think there is age discrimination in
  employment, while most respondents (accounts for
  80.7 of total sample) think no age
  discrimination exists in employment.
• From this sample, the Age Discrimination Index
  derived is 3.33. The degree of age discrimination
  in recruitment is highest, while the degree of
  age discrimination in fringe benefits is lowest.
• The main reason of age discrimination is the
  lower efficiency of older employees.

70
?????? (I) Major Findings (I)

• To eliminate age discrimination, respondents
  agree to a large extent that employers should
  give equal opportunity to older employees.
• The majority of respondents (75 of total sample)
  report the actual retirement age stated by their
  companies is 55-65 years old, and their ideal
  retirement age is also 55-65 years old.
• The majority of respondents (about 77) agree
  that the government of HK should enact a law to
  eliminate of age discrimination in employment,
  while a minority (23) disagree.

71
?????? ????ADI Analyses by Sector
72
The degree of age discrimination by age
group?????????? ??
5-point scale 1 Extremely disagree 5
Extremely agree ??? 1 ?????, 5 ????
73
The degree of age discrimination by gender
?????????? ??
5-point scale 1 Extremely disagree 5
Extremely agree ??? 1 ?????, 5 ????
74
The degree of age discrimination by position
?????????? ??
5-point scale 1 Extremely disagree 5
Extremely agree ??? 1 ?????, 5 ????
75
The degree of age discrimination by occupations
?????????? ????
Mean???3.33
N25
N22
N14
N30
N35
N14
N11
5-point scale 1 Extremely disagree 5
Extremely agree ??? 1 ?????, 5 ????
76
The degree of age discrimination by Education
Level?????????? ??
5-point scale 1 Extremely disagree 5
Extremely agree ??? 1 ?????, 5 ????
77
?????? (II) Major Findings (II)

• ??????,???????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ???????????/???????????????????,??????????????????
  ?????

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?????? (II) Major Findings (II)

• The results of this investigation indicate males
  report higher scores of age discrimination than
  females.
• Upper level employees report higher scores of age
  discrimination than lower level employees.
• Plant, machine operators assemblers/Craft and
  related workers report higher scores of age
  discrimination, while Associate professionals
  report lower scores of age discrimination.

79

• End of Presentation.
• Thank you!