NONRENEWABLE AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES

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NONRENEWABLE ANDRENEWABLERESOURCES
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Energy Defined

• 3 min video

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vpb6-DcMEYq4

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HMMMM....

• What do you think nonrenewable resources are?
• Break it down...
• Nonrenewable?
• Resource?

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NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

• A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource
  that cannot be re-made or re-grown at a scale
  comparable to its consumption.

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Renweable Resource is

• A renewable resource is a natural resource which
  can replenish with the passage of time, either
  through biological reproduction or other
  naturally recurring processes.

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Energy Use in USA
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Five Factors that Influence the Value of Fuel

• Cost
• Availability
• Safety
• Energy Content
• Byproducts of the fuels use

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USA vs World
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NUCLEAR ENERGY

• Nuclear fission uses uranium to create energy.
• Nuclear energy is a nonrenewable resource because
  once the uranium is used, it is gone!

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How Nuclear Energy Works
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A 1,000-megawatt nuclear plant is refueled once a
year, whereas a coal plant of the same size
requires 80 rail cars of coal a day
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COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS

• Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered
  nonrenewable because they can not be replenished
  in a short period of time. These are called
  fossil fuels.

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HOW IS COAL MADE ???
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HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???
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WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COAL AND OIL/GAS?
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Differences

• Coal is a solid. It is mostly carbon. It is made
  from mostly plant materials.
• Oil is a liquid. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
  It is more animal materials. Its composition is
  different depending on where it is found.
• Natural gas is a gas. It is mostly methane, CH4.

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Heat produced by burning pulverized coal in a
furnace boils water to produce steam that spins a
turbine to produce electricity. The steam is
cooled, condensed, and returned to the boiler for
reuse. Waste heat can be transferred to the
atmosphere or to a nearby source of water. The
largest coal-burning power plant in the United
States, located in Indiana, burns three 100-car
trainloads of coal per day
Coal-burning power plant.
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Lowest Boiling Point
Gases
Science refining crude oil. Components of
petroleum are removed at various levels,
depending on their boiling points, in a giant
distillation column. The most volatile components
with the lowest boiling points are removed at the
top of the column.
Gasoline
Aviation fuel
Heating oil
Diesel oil
Naphtha
Grease and wax
Heated crude oil
Asphalt
Furnace
Highest Boiling Point
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Methane Hydrates-fossil fuel of future?

• As natural gas from shale becomes a global energy
  "game changer," oil and gas researchers are
  working to develop new technologies to produce
  natural gas from methane hydrate deposits.

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Methane risks

• Methane hydrates are sensitive sediments.
• They can rapidly dissociate with an increase in
  temperature or a decrease in pressure. This
  dissociation produces free methane and water
• The conversion of a solid sediment into liquids
  and gases will create a loss of support and shear
  strength. These can cause submarine slumping,
  landslides or subsidence that can damage
  production equipment and pipelines

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Oil Reserves vs Oil Resources

• Oil reserves are oil deposits that can be
  extracted profitably at current prices using
  current technology.

• Oil resources are quantities of petroleum
  estimated to be potentially recoverable from
  undiscovered accumulations by application of
  future development projects.

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HMMMM....

• If nonrenewable resources are resources that
  cannot be re-made at a scale comparable to its
  consumption, what are renewable resources?

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RENEWABLE RESOURCES

• Renewable resources are natural resources that
  can be replenished in a short period of time.
• ? Solar ? Geothermal
• ? Wind ? Biomass
• ? Water

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SOLAR

• Energy from
• the sun.
• Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into
  electricity, either directly using photovoltaics
  (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar
  power (CSP)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vm74bMrxhBkw

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Passive Solar Collection
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SOLAR ENERGY

• http//www.history.com/topics/earth-day/videoslig
  ht-energy

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Solar Cooking keeps Trees
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GEOTHERMAL

• Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth.
  It's clean and sustainable.
• Resources of geothermal energy range from the
  shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a
  few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down
  even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of
  molten rock called magma.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vuVDBRQvBVso

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Geo-Thermal Energy
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WIND

• .
• Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into
  a useful form of energy, such as using wind
  turbines to make electrical power, windmills for
  mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping or
  drainage, or sails to propel ships.

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How Wind Turbines Work
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Wind Power

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vSQpbTTGe_gk

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Wind Power is like oil to Mid-West Coastal
Areas
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BIOMASS

• Energy from burning organic or living matter.
• As an energy source, biomass can either be used
  directly via combustion to produce heat, or
  indirectly after converting it to various forms
  of biofuel.

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Bio Diesel
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Ethanol Fuel
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Green Algae

• http//www.history.com/topics/earth-day/videosgre
  en-algae
• Algae fuel or algal biofuel is an alternative to
  fossil fuel that uses algae as its source of
  natural deposits

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WATER or HYDROLOGIC

• Energy from the flow of water.

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Tidal and Wave Power

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vqRUl1mJQHmc

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vF0mzrbfzUpM

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Tidal Power

• Tidal power, also called tidal energy, is a form
  of hydropower that converts the energy of tides
  into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.

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WAVE POWER

• Wave energy is produced when electricity
  generators are placed on the surface of the
  ocean. The energy provided is most often used in
  desalination plants, power plants and water
  pumps. Energy output is determined by wave
  height, wave speed, wavelength, and water density

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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion OTEC

• Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) uses the
  temperature difference between cooler deep and
  warmer shallow or surface ocean waters to run a
  heat engine and produce useful work, usually in
  the form of electricity. OTEC is a base load
  electricity generation system, i.e. 24hrs/day all
  year long.

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Hydrogena future fuel source?

• Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel which uses
  electrochemical cells, or combustion in internal
  engines, to power vehicles and electric devices.
• It is also used in the propulsion of spacecraft
  and can potentially be mass-produced and
  commercialized for passenger vehicles and aircraft

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Hydrogen
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Energy Efficiency

• The percentage of energy put into a system that
  does useful work.

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Cogeneration CHP

• The production of two useful forms of energy from
  the same fuel source.

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Energy Conservation

• This means to save energy.

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President Obama called for an average of 35.5 mpg
for new cars, vans, and SUVs in the United States
by 2016. This is lower than Chinas current fuel
economy standard for new vehicles and much lower
than the 42.5 mpg standard that China has set for
2016
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How Can We Make the Transition to a More
Sustainable Energy Future?

• We can make a transition to a more sustainable
  energy future by greatly improving energy
  efficiency, using a mix of renewable energy
  resources, and including environmental costs of
  energy resources in their market prices.

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Transition to a More Sustainable Energy Future

• For each energy alternative
• How much available next 25-50 years?
• Estimated net energy yield
• Total costs
• Necessary subsidies and tax breaks
• How affect economic and military security
• Vulnerability to terrorism
• Environmental effects

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Transition to a More Sustainable Energy Future

• Gradual shift from centralized macropower to
  decentralized micropower
• Greatly improved energy efficiency
• Temporary use of natural gas
• Decrease environmental impact of fossil fuels

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