conditioning?

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???????
??????? 1.????????????(????) conditioning?
????????????(????? ????)????????? 2.?????????
?????????? ?????
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• ?????????????????????
• 1. ??????
• 2. ??????
• 3. ?????

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????????(classical conditioning)

• Pavlov(18491936)??
• 1.????? UCS UCR
• CS
  ???
• 2.????? CS
• UCS
  UCR
• 3.????? CS CR

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????--???
????? UCS (??)
????? UCR (???)
???? CS (??)
??????
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????--???
????? UCS (??)
????? UCR (???)
???? CS (??)
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????--???
???? CS (??)
???? CR (???)
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• ???????????? (John B. Watson, 18781958)
• ?????????????????,???????,????????????
• ????????????????????????????,?????????????,???????
  ????

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• ???????,???????????,????????????????
• ???????????????,??????????,?????????,???????????

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• Q??????(??)reinforcement?
• ??SR????,???CR??????
• ????
• Q??????(stimulus generalization)?
• ?CS?????????CR?
• Q??????(discrimination)?
• ???????,????CS???,??
• ?????????????????
• Q??????(extinction)?
• CR???,???????CS,????
• UCS,CR?????,???????

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??????
???? CS ??
???? CR (???)
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??????
???? CS ??
???? CR (???)
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• Q????????(secondary-order
• conditioning)?
• ????(??)?CS??UCS???CS???
• ?S R?????)??????????,?
• ???????(??)???
• Q????????????
• ????? ??
• UCS
  UCR
• 
  CR
• ??
• CS

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????????

• l.???(Thorndike)?????(connectionism)
• (1)???Pavlov???????,???S??
• ??????S-R??,????????
• ???,?????????????,?
• ???????????,???????
• ????????
• ????(trial-and-error learning)
• ?????,????? ?????,?
• ???? ?????

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??????
? ? ? ???
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? ? ? ! ??-????
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
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• (2)??S-R????????
• a.???(law of exercise) S-R???????????
• b.???(law of readiness) S-R????????????
• ?c.???(1aw of effect)
• S-R?????????????
• ???????

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• 2.Skinner??????(operant conditioning)
• Q????????????????
• Pavlov????? ???????
• (respondent conditioning)
• ???????????? ????
• (UCS UCR),??????
• (UCS CS)???,??????
• ????(CS CR),????CR?
• ?CS???,?????????

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(

• Skinner???????(operant conditioning)
• ??????????????????,
• ????????,????????????
• ????????(???)???,??
• ?????????
• ?????????????,?????
• ????,??????????????
• ???(??)???? gt ??????

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• Q????????????????
• ????????,???????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????
• ????,????????????
• ???
• ?????????????????
• ??

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• Q??????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????,????
• ?????????????
• e.g. Skinner box???????????????(???)??????(???
  ??)?????????

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• Q??????(immediate reinforcement)?
• ??????(delayed reinforcement)??
• ?????
• Q??????(Continuous reinforcement)?
• ??????(partial reinforcement)???
• ????

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???????

• 1. ?????? (??????????)
• 2. ?????? (??)
• 3. ?????? (??)
• 4. ?????? (??)
• 5. ??????? (??)