Organic Chemistry

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Organic Chemistry

• The Study of all compounds with carbon atoms
  bonded together.

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Carbon

• Has an Oxidation /-4, So it need or gives up
  4 electrons.
• Forms many strong bonds, especially with other
  carbons, can form long chains or rings, very
  complex structures.
• C-C Single bond
• CC Double bond
• CC Triple bond

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Macromolecules

• Many molecules in cells are so large that they
  are called macromolecules.
• These molecules are formed by a process called
  polymerization- Large (polymers) are built by
  joining small (monomers) together.
• Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis

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4 Groups of Organic Compounds

• 1.Carbohydrates
• 2.Lipids
• 3.Nucleic Acids
• 4.Proteins

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1.Carbohydrates (C,H,O)

• Main source of energy and they have some
  structural use.
• Monosaccharides(simplest carbohydrate),its name
  means single sugar.
• These sugars join to form polysaccharides.

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1.Carbohydrates (C,H,O) continued

• Polysaccharides
• A polysaccharide can be split into
  monosaccharides via hydrolysis( process that
  splits polysaccharides).
• A disaccharide (name means double sugar) is form
  when monosaccharide undergo a process called
  dehydration synthesis.

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2.Lipids (C,H)

• Stored energy
• Part of membranes
• Insoluble in H2O
• 3 Types (monomers Fatty Acid Glycerol)
• Fats, Oils, Waxes (polymer)
• 3 Categories
• Saturated (solid, bad fat)- single C bond.
• Unsaturated-one double C bond.
• Polyunsaturated (liquid, good fats)- many double
  C bonds.

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3.Nucleic Acids (C,H,O,N,P)

• Nucleotides(monomer) join to form nucleic acids.
• Store or transmit hereditary information.
• 2 Types (polymer)
• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
• RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

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4.Proteins (C,H,O,N)

• 20 types of amino acids (monomer) join to form
  different proteins (peptides, Polypeptides).
• Control reaction rates, regulate cell processes.
• Form Bones and Muscles.
• Transport substances into and out of cells.
• Fight diseases.
• The whole substance can twist, or fold into
  complex shape and hold it, Shape is important.

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Enzymes

• Proteins that act as biological catalysts (speeds
  up the rate of chemical reactions).
• They do this by lowering the activation energy
  needed.
• They are needed for reactions that are too slow
  or require too much activation energy.
• Enzymes are very specific and named after the
  reaction it works on, and they always end in ase.
  
• Enzymes provide a site (substrate, place where
  enzyme binds) where reactions can be brought
  together to react.