Emergency Procedures Taken From Chapter 7 and 10 in book

1
Lesson 4

• Emergency ProceduresTaken From Chapter 7 and 10
  in book

2
The Emergency Action Plan

• _____________________________________
• Should be written for each activity site
• Individual responsibilities and protocols should
  be reviewed
• Should meet annually with EMS to review
  procedures
• ________________________________

3
The Emergency Action PlanContinued

• EAP members should be certified in first aid and
  CPR
• Emergency medical supplies and equipment should
  be easily accessible ___________________________
• __________________________________________________
  _______________

4
Emergency Situations

• __________________________
• Assess life threatening conditions
• A,B,Cs
• Triage-assessing all injuries quickly and then
  returning to the more serious injuries
  immediately - MASH
• ___________________________
• Detailed head to toe assessment
• Signs measurable objective findings-bleeding,
  fluid
• Symptoms subjective info provided by person

5
Secondary SurveyHOPS

• If the athlete is talking and moving, start your
  2nd survey if they are unconscious call 911 if
  they are unconscious and ABCs are adequate begin
  2nd survey
• H__________
• O___________
• P__________
• S____________

6
History

• History-gather subjective information via a
  series of questions
• Type of pain, Location of Pain, Mechanism of
  injury, Nauseous or sick to stomach, any ringing
  in the ears, abnormal vision and sensations
• Questions should be open ended
• A person who is not fully responsive may have a
  head or neck injury
• Diplopia double vision

7
Observation

• Survey the scene as you come on to it
• Look dont touch What to look for
• Bleeding, discoloration, swelling, obvious
  deformity, fluid from ears/nose, state of athlete
  (alert, lethargic, restless), pupil size,
  tracking, and reaction to light
• Observe bilaterally

8
Palpation

• Using your hands to feel for abnormalities in
  bone or soft tissue
• Palpate bilaterally- good (uninjured) then bad
  (injured) palpate for
• Local heat, swelling, deformity, crepitus, point
  tenderness, muscle spasm, pain, sensations or
  lack of at site of injury and below
• Start away from the injury and move toward start
  with light touches and increase pressure

9
Special Test

• Limited in an emergency situation main job is to
  determine if possible spinal cord injury
• Avoid any unnecessary movement
• Motor test ____________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______
• If athlete is unconscious, try painful
  stimulation- pinching the soft tissue in the
  armpit may make their eyelid flutter or
  involuntary movement away from the stimulus
• If no response, do not move, wait for EMS, and
  monitor ABC

10
Unconscious Athlete

• Call 911 for all unconscious athletes
• Head injuries are 1 cause for loss of
  consciousness
• See guidelines to help an unconscious
  athlete-p.17 1-10 (Handout).

11
Hemorrhage

• Three types of bleeding
• ____________ bright red, spurting
• __________ dark bluish-red, steady flow
• ___________ red, oozing
• Treatment
• Direct pressure
• Elevation (if no fracture)
• If continues - Pressure points (femoral/brachial
  arteries)

12
Wound Cleansing p.235-240

• Wear gloves
• Clean wound with saline, mild soap
• Dont use alcohol or concentrated peroxide (water
  it down)
• Soak wounds (if appropriate) in betadine solution
• Apply ointments (neosporine etc)
• Apply dressing

13
Wound Dressing

• Apply Occlusive dressings
• Second skin
• Duoderm
• Covering wound to return to game
• Use telfa pad/ ointment/prewrap/tape
• Allow the wound to breath at night in a
  controlled environment-cover before sleeping in
  the beginning

14
Fractures

• C/S-direct contact, fall, dynamic overload
• Signs __________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______
• Types-open (c),closed (s), transverse,
  epiphyseal, avulsion
• Four ways of recognizing fracture
• Palpation
• Percussion
• Compression (be careful)
• Distraction (be careful)

15
Treating Fractures

• Splint before moving-Follow 1st Aid/Safety Rules
  Apply Ice
• Types of splints
• Anatomic
• Stiff/rigid
• Soft
• Vacuum
• Check skin color, temp, and capillary refill
  before and after splinting

16
Shock

• Shock can occur with any injury involving pain,
  bleeding, internal trauma, fracture, or spinal
  injury
• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _________
• S/S- p. 204
• Treatment-Elevate legs, keep warm, monitor ABCs
  p. 204

17
Environmental Conditions p.261-270

• Ways of cooling body
• ____________ (sweat)
• __________(coming in contact with cool object)
• ____________ (air/water flow)
• Dehydration increases chances for heat illness

18
Preventing Heat Illness

• Identify at risk individuals-children pre-season
  athletes
• Acclimatize athletes ___________________
• Wear appropriate clothing-light weight,
  light-colored, porous
• Fluid hydration should be often and unlimited
  8-12 cups 24 hrs before 5-10oz during every 15
  mins 24 oz after for every lb lost
• Weight Charts

19
Preventing Heat Illness-Cont

• Temperature/ humidity guide workouts - Heat
  Stress Indexhttp//www.srh.noaa.gov/epz/?nwxcalc
  _heatindex
• Allow humidity and temperature to guide workouts
• Practice schedules
• ____________________

20
Types of heat illness p.261-270

• ____________________
• Muscle spasms caused by electrolyte loss early
  in season
• ____________________
• More common early in season
• S/Sx (signs and symptoms) dizziness, headache,
  profuse sweating, rapid breathing, gray skin,
  rapid weak pulse, uncoordinated gait, elevated
  temp, nausea

21
Types of Heat Illness (2)

• _________________
• Bodys temp control mechanisms have shut down
• MEDICAL EMERGENCY-CALL 911
• S/Sx unconscious, sweating has stopped, shallow
  breathing, hot dry red skin, rapid strong pulse
  (bounding), high body temp, convulsions,
  seizures, comma

22
Treating Heat Illness

• Move person to cool place
• Remove equipment/unnecessary clothes
• Lie person on back, with feet elevated
• Give cool fluids (unless unconscious)
• Specifics
• Heat cramps stretch, ice, drink cool fluids
• Heat exhaustion call EMS (if necessary), rest
  in cool room utilize cool/wet towels
• Heat Stroke call EMS, RAPID COOLING

23
Hypothermia

• _______________________________
• S/Sx intense shivering, inability to perform
  tasks, speaking difficult, incoordination, in
  severe cases unconscious
• Treatment Maintain ABCs, Activate EMS, remove
  wet clothing, jewelry, give warm fluids, re-warm
  person gradually

24
Frostbite

• Most common in fingertips, toes, earlobes, tip of
  nose
• Occurs when soft tissue freezes
• Superficial Involves skin and superficial tissue
• Deep Involves subcutaneous layers, tissue
  destruction
• S/Sx red swollen skin diffuse numbness, skin
  turns yellow-white/ blue with waxy look
• Treatment remove wet clothing re-warm area
  immediately cover with sterile dressing
  transport to hospital

25
Vital Sign Assessment

• Respirations - Normal (N) 12(A) and 20(C)
• Skin Color
• Rubor red skin
• Pallor pale skin
• Pupils (light reflex) and vision
• Pulse (N__________)
• Blood pressure (N) - ____________