Automatic Sprinkler System

1
Automatic Sprinkler System
2
Importance of Sprinklers

• First line of protection small fires
• Enhanced protection
• Business protection less interruption of
  business operations
• Less loss
• Firefighter safety

3
Types of Sprinkler Systems

• Wet pipe
• Dry pipe
• Pre-action
• Deluge

4
Water Supply for Sprinklers

• Municipal
• Water tower
• Reservoir
• Pressure tank
• Fire department

5
Types of Control Valves

• Indicating valves open or closed
• Post Indicator Valve P.I.V.
• Outside Stern Screw and Yolk -
• O.S. Y
• Butterfly valve
• Gate valve
• Ball valve

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Wet System

• Fire department connection - siamese
• Control Valves and Trim
• Alarm valve
• Check valve

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Wet System

• Inspectors test valve
• Water motor gongs
• Gauges street and system
• Piping
• Automatic sprinkler heads (closed) - Upright,
  pendent and sidewall
• Operation

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Dry Pipe System

• Fire Department connection siamese
• Control valves and Trim
• Indicating valves - wall indicator, post
  indicator, OSY
• Dry pipe valve
• Check valve
• Inspectors valves

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Dry system

• Water motor
• Gauges air and water
• Piping
• Automatic sprinkler heads (closed) upright,
  sidewalls and dry drop pendent
• Compressors
• Enclosures heated
• Gongs

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Differential

• Differential dry-pipe alarm valves
• 1. High Differential Valves (most common)
• The differential pressures in most of these
  valves are either a 51 or 61 ratio. In
  determining the amount of air pressure required
  to keep the valve closed would be 1/6 or 1/5 that
  of the incoming water pressure from the street
  main or other source of water.
• 61 Calculation
• Street water pressure 600 kPa
• Air pressure required 600 divided by 6
• 100 kPa (will hold the clapper valve closed.)
• It is customary to add some extra air pressure to
  prevent the valve from tripping during pressure
  surges. The usual amount is 140 kPa.
• Therefore, for our calculations above the final
  answer would be
• 100 140 kPa. 240 kPa.

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Differential

• 2. Low Differential Valves 1.11
• These valves use a much lower differential air
  pressure. A 1.1 to1 differential is most common.
  In other words the air pressure required to hold
  the clapper closed will be 110 of the incoming
  water pressure.
• See textbook for the advantages of these types of
  valves.
• General
• Note that on a dry-pipe system much of the trim
  is located below the clapper valve. The reason
  for this is to prevent air leaks. As well, note
  that the clapper once opened is held open by a
  catch. This facilitates draining the system after
  use. Unlike the wet pipe system, the main drain
  on a dry pipe system is below the alarm valve.

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Deluge System

• Fire Department Connection siamese
• Control valves and Trim
• Indicating and pre-action
• Gauges air and water
• Piping

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Deluge System

• Automatic Sprinkler Heads (open) upright and
  sidewalls
• Automatic Detection Devices electric and
  pneumatic
• Operation

14
Pre-action System

• Fire department Connection Siamese
• Control valves and trim indicating and dry
  pipes
• Gauges air and water
• Piping

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Pre-Action System

• Automatic sprinkler heads (closed) upright and
  sidewalls
• Automatic Detection Devices electronic,
  pneumatic, detection
• Control panel
• Operation

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Common Problems

• Fire Department connection not capped, threads
  damaged, obstructions in piping, visually
  obstructed
• Control valves and Trim closed/obstructed, not
  supervised or locked open, not listed, not
  indicating, insufficient air pressure, dry pipe
  flooded, and valve water column

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Common Problems

• Gauges broken or missing, not listed, improper
  pressure
• Piping not secured, supporting items not
  associated with sprinklers
• Automatic sprinkler heads damaged, painted,
  improperly installed, physically obstructed,
  improper temperature rating
• Compressors power off
• Enclosures lack of heat

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Common Problems

• Frozen piping
• Spare Supply of Sprinkler Heads correct
  number, correct temperature, wrench
• Test record available upon request and
  up-to-date
• Fire Code requirements check, inspect and test