At the end of this lesson you will be able to:

1
At the end of this lesson you will be able to

• Identify several new weapons and technological
  improvements developed during World War I
• Predict the actions of the United States in
  response to the war in Europe
• Compare and contrast weapons that are used today
  with those from WWI
• Hypothesize an outcome for the war based on the
  new technology used by each side

2
World War I

• A new kind of warfare for a global conflict

3
ReviewA World Wide Struggle

• Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Bulgaria
• Ottoman Empire

• Allied Powers
• Great Britain
• France
• Russia
• Serbia
• Italy
• Japan (32 in total)

4
Technological Developments Changed the Nature of
Modern Warfare

• Due to industrialization weapons were mass
  produced
• New weapons never tried before were used for the
  first time

5
Machine Guns

• In 1914 machine guns were required to rest on a
  tripod and needed 4-6 men to operate it but it
  could fire 400-600 rounds a minute.

6
Machine Guns

• By the end of the war a machine gun could fire
  twice as much and could be used by 1-2 men.

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8
Submarines

• German U-boats - attack 1) allied warships and 2)
  allied shipping boats.
• May 7, 1915 Sinking of the Lusitania off the
  coast of Ireland killing 1,109 people (124 were
  Americans). The Lusitania was a passenger liner
  but on the day it was sunk it had ammunitions and
  12 six inch guns.
• Did the Germans have the right to attack?

9
British Blockades in North Sea

• Mission to prevent ships from reaching Germany
  in an attempt to ruin their economy and starve
  the people.
• German Reaction Use U-boats to sink ships
  carrying food and guns to Britain.
• Battle of Jutland Fought in North Sea on
  5/31/1916 Germans wanted to destroy portion of
  Britains navy blockade, Britain wanted to keep
  German navy away from their shipping lanes.

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11
WWI Propaganda
12
The Zeppelin

• These airships were used as bombers in WWI by the
  Germans. At first they were successful because
  they could outrun airplanes.
• Their great weakness was their vulnerability to
  gunfire.

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14
Chemical Weapons

• Germans were the first to use poisonous gas made
  up of chlorine which would cause choking and even
  death.
• The French used tear gas in grenades (riot
  control)
• Mustard gas was first used during WWI and was
  responsible for about 70 of the million-plus gas
  casualties.
• Effects - burn any body-tissue which it touches.

15

• By the end of the war devices were invented to
  protect the soldiers

• However, more than a million died as a result of
  chemical weapons

16
Airplanes

• Were used for the first time in WWI
• Mostly used for observing troop movements b/c
  they were slow
• Eventually machine guns were added to them so
  they could join in the fighting

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18
Tanks

• Britain created the first tank an armored
  vehicle with machine guns and cannons on it.
• Made it safer to advance and kill enemy.
• Travel was easier through rough terrain

19

• 1916

• 1917

20
Trench Warfare

• Trenches were used by both sides as a way to
  fight the enemy advancing into unwanted territory

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22

• What do you see?

23
Two Fronts of WWI

• Western Front A series of trenches that ran from
  the North Sea to the Swiss border (map 517)
• Germany was to the East and the Allies to the
  West.

• Eastern Front fighting that occurred from the
  Baltic Sea to the Black Sea (map 515)
• Much longer than the Western Front so trenches
  were not as developed

24
Average Year for British Soldier

• 15 - on the front line (where the fighting
  occurs)
• 10 - on the support line (ready to support the
  front line)
• 30 - on reserve line
• 20 - rest
• 25 - other (hospital, traveling, leave, training
  courses, etc.)

25
New Modern Weapons

• Machine Guns
• Navy
• Battleships
• U-boats
• Zeppelin
• Tanks
• Airplane
• Mustard Gas

• Trench War strategy was to defend position
  while attacking enemy
• No Mans Land
• Attrition wear down enemys resources so they
  can no longer fight war

26
The U.S. Enters WWI
27

• Policy of Neutrality
• Woodrow Wilson President at beginning of WWI
• He and most Americans believed WWI was a European
  issue no reason to get involved.
• America is a country of immigrants many have
  relatives living in Europe. What does this mean?
• U.S. business traded with both sides very good
  for U.S. economy

28

• Use of Propaganda
• Great Britain used propaganda to make the Germans
  look bad (i.e. U-boats attacking defenseless
  civilians)
• U.S. also had government agency that controlled
  the news of the War.

29

• Zimmerman Note
• Zimmerman was a German official who sent a
  telegram to the German ambassador in Mexico
• This proposed an alliance between Germany and
  Mexico
• If Mexico joins WWI on the side of Germany they
  would help Mexico regain Arizona, New Mexico and
  Texas.
• Predict American response?

30

• April 6, 1917 Congress votes to declare war on
  Germany.
• President Wilson declares, The world must be
  made safe for democracy.