Community Based Monitoring Systems: A Pilot Implementation in Pakistan

1
Community Based Monitoring Systems A Pilot
Implementation in Pakistan

• Durre Nayab
• Pakistan Institute of Development Economics
• Islamabad

2
Scheme of Presentation

• A snapshot of the state of poverty in Pakistan
  and the existing monitoring systems
• Rationale for having CBMS in the country and
  means to institutionalise it
• Piloting of CBMS- sites, indicators, field
  methods and survey tools used

3
Poverty in Pakistan

• Current monitoring system
• Mainly Household Income and Expenditure Survey
  (HIES)/Pakistan Integrated Household Survey
  (PIHS) are used to gauge the poverty levels. An
  official poverty line is calculated based on the
  caloric intake per adult per day, which for rural
  areas is 2450 calories/adult/day and 2150 for the
  urban areas. In monetary terms it is equivalent
  to Rs. 848 per capita per month, as calculated in
  June 2004.

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Trends in Poverty
5
Poverty Spectrum
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Rationale for CBMS and its Institutionalisation
in Pakistan

• Most of the available data in the country is
  on the national, provincial or district level.
• Collection of local level and disaggregated
  information for policy planning and
  implementation is the prime motivation behind
  implementing CBMS at the lowest level

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Administrative Structure of Pakistan
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Institutionalisation of CBMS

• Under the 2002 Local Government Ordinance powers
  were devolved to lower administrative levels.
• Neighbourhood/village councils are to be formed
  in urban and rural areas under this plan.
• Collection of statistics on socio-economic
  indicators is among the prescribed duties of
  these councils.
• Compilation and consolidation of this data is
  done by National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB)
  through National Reconstruction Information
  Management Systems (NARIMS).

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CBMS-NRB/NARIMS A Symbiotic Relation

• CBMS needs means to sustain and
  institutionalise the system once the pilot phase
  is over, and NRB/NARIMS could provide this
  support.

• NRB/NARIMS by including the indicators at the
  household level, as suggested by the CBMS, could
  become a more comprehensive and useful database

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CBMS-NRB/NARIMS Partnership

• Facilitate policy planning and budget allocations
  through reliable and updated data, and aiding in
  prioritisation of problems and improving
  allocative efficiency.
• Encourage community participation for the
  successful implementation of any programme by
  increasing the capacity of the local community
  for data collection, processing and analysis.
• Monitor progress on core indicators that impact
  lives of the people.
• Facilitate the Rural Support Programs (RSPs)
  reach the ones needing help the most.
• Collection of data for research purposes at the
  smallest level in the country

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CBMS Piloting Locales
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Indicators at the Household Level-I

• 1. Age and sex composition
• 2. Marital status
• 3. Education
• Primary enrolment rate
• Secondary enrolment rate
• Basic literacy
• Vocational training 
• 4. Employment and income
• Employment. Unemployment Underemployment
  Households above poverty line 

• 5. Health
• Infant mortality
• Child mortality
• General state of health
• Number of births attended by trained
  professionals Child immunisation
• Coverage of antenatal care 
• Coverage of post-natal
• care
• Contraceptive prevalence rate
• 6. Nutrition
• Prevalence of malnutrition 
• Childhood anthropometric measures

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Indicators at the Household Level-II

• 7. Peace and Order
• Crime incidence
• Action by law enforcing agencies against
  reported crimes 
• 8. Housing and sanitation Type of house
  ownership. Type of house construction Percentage
  of households having access to toilets Percentage
  of households having access to sewerage facility.
  
• Garbage collection method from households 

• 9. Political participation
• Number of eligible and registered voters and
  those actually voting
• Presence and participation of/in village
  organisation
• Accessibility of public representatives 

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Indicators at the Village Level

• Educational facilities, including primary,
  middle, secondary, and post-secondary educational
  facilities.
• Health facilities
• Available services, e.g., police station, post
  office, bank, transport facilities, gas,
  electricity, telephone, etc.,
• Road network available to the community
• Water supply facility
• Garbage and waste disposal
• Incidence and type of crimes committed
• Presence of village organisations and their
  functions

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Survey Tools

• Three questionnaires have been designed for the
  pilot phase
• Male
• Female
• Community

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Selection of Field Enumerators

• The PIDE team is supervising the pilot phase but
  local monitoring teams have also been constituted
  to keep a watch on the progress of the survey.
• The selected local enumerators include
• Members of local health and education
  departments, mainly teachers
• Local youth, with minimum qualification of BA

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Sustainability of CBMS

• Closer liaison between administration and
  community is the first pre-requisite for
  sustaining the System.
• Incorporation of the CBMS with the NRB-NARIMS
  design is a positive sign for the sustainability
  of CBMS after the pilot phase.

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• Thank you

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CBMS Observatory Villages

• Toba Tek Singh District- UC 42
• 285 GB
• 286 GB

• Rawalpindi District- Dhamial UC
• Mohra Barian
• Mohra Chhapar
• Mohri Ghazan
• Jorian
• Dhamial
• Kotha Khurd
• Mohra Faqiran
• Banda Nagial
• Dhok Abdullah
• Hayal Dhamial
• Ranial

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Trends in Food Poverty
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Population of Dhamial UC
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Age structure of Dhamial UC
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Literacy Status of Dhamial UC
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Housing Type and Facilities in Dhamial UC
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Functions of Village Councils

• To consolidate and prioritise village development
  needs and make recommendations to the district
  government.
• To register births, deaths and marriages, and
  issue certificates.
• To disseminate information on matters of public
  interest.
• To provide and maintain public sources of
  drinking water, including wells, water pumps,
  tanks, ponds and other works for the supply of
  water.
• To cooperate with the public, private or
  voluntary organisations engaged in similar
  activities.
• To assist the village/neighbourhood councils in
  the union to execute development projects.
• To collect and maintain statistical information
  for socio-economic indicators

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Poverty and Head of Household
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Poverty Transition between 1998-99 to 2000-01