Exploring the Scientific and Laboratory Animals Industry

1
Exploring the Scientific and Laboratory Animals
Industry

• Lesson 11

2
Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards
Addressed!

• HS-LS4-4. Construct an explanation based on
  evidence for how natural selection leads to
  adaptation of populations. Clarification
  Statement Emphasis is on using data to provide
  evidence for how specific biotic and abiotic
  differences in ecosystems (such as ranges of
  seasonal temperature, long-term climate change,
  acidity, light, geographic barriers, or evolution
  of other organisms) contribute to a change in
  gene frequency over time, leading to adaptation
  of populations.
• HS-LS2-8. Evaluate the evidence for the role of
  group behavior on individual and species chances
  to survive and reproduceClarification Statement
  Emphasis is on (1) distinguishing between group
  and individual behavior, (2) identifying evidence
  supporting the outcomes of group behavior, and
  (3) developing logical and reasonable arguments
  based on evidence. Examples of group behaviors
  could include flocking, schooling, herding, and
  cooperative behaviors such as hunting, migrating,
  and swarming.

3
Bell Work

• List types and methods of animal research.
• Describe what animals are used in laboratory
  research.
• Explain models and management used for laboratory
  animals.

4
Terms

• Animal by-product tissue
• Applied research
• Basic research
• Clinical research

• Laboratory animals
• Living animals
• Nonhuman primates
• Nonliving research

5
Interest Approach

• Ask the question How do humans know if products
  are safe for use? Generate discussion on the
  benefits of using animals to test products and
  provide medical advances.

6
List types and methods of animal research.
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What types and methods are used for animal
research?

• Laboratory animals
• Animals - used and raised for research done in
  laboratories
• provided many advances for humans
• pros and cons for using animals for research
• benefit to human health has been extremely
  important

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Types of Research

• Animal by-product tissue
• animal tissue taken from animals and then used
  for other purposes
• parts taken are from tissue, organs, and any
  other needed parts

• Basic Research
• research carried out in nature or in a lab that
  will increase understanding of diseases and life
  processes
• used to provide data and usually does not have a
  predetermined goal

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Types of Research

• Clinical Research
• research that focuses on a specific problem and
  is conducted in a medical facility
• often uses the species that is intended to
  benefit as subjects
• New drug development for example

• Applied Research
• Research that has a specific goal, like
  developing a vaccine for a disease

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Describe what animals are used in laboratory
research.
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What animals are used in lab research?

• Many species are used for research
• ability to live in very little space and
  reproduce quickly makes some animals better
  suited for research.

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What animals are used in lab research?

• Mice
• account for over 90 of animals used
• small, easy to handle, reproduce quickly and
  require little money to keep
• Rats
• mainly for behavior and nutrition studies
• require little space
• well tempered

• Hamsters
• small, stout, furry animals
• more aggressive than mice and rats
• care needs to be taken when handling
• Guinea pigs
• similar to hamsters
• very calm
• easier to handle
• reproduce quickly
• live successfully in a confined area

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What animals are used in lab research?

• Rabbits
• used for drug testing
• they experience some of the common ailments of
  humans
• Cats
• studies with the brain
• research is easier since brain is less complicated

• Dogs
• used in lab research
• surgical studies
• physiological experiments
• more space is required to house them

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What animals are used in lab research?

• Nonhuman Primates
• animals that are more similar to humans than any
  other animal
• monkeys
• communication experiments
• Other Creatures
• lobsters used to study nerves since their nervous
  systems are simple

17
Explain models and management techniques used for
laboratory animals.

• Objective 3

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What models and management techniques are used
for lab animals?

• use of animals for research is a well managed in
  a strictly controlled area
• models have been developed to ensure proper use
  of lab animals
• 4 basic research animal models
• living animals
• tissue cultures
• nonliving systems
• human-created computer models

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What models and management techniques are used
for lab animals?

• Living animal
• one that is used when it is alive and can respond
  to treatments
• only used when it is completely necessary
• Tissue cultures
• taken from animals and then used in experiments
• Nonliving research
• done to relate movement or injury to animal
  systems
• Computer models
• used to quicken experiment results

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What models and management techniques are used
for lab animals?

• Many specific regulations
• Must meet acceptable standards
• approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use
  Committee
• Allowed based on the Animal Welfare Act of 1985
• enacted to assure acceptable use of animals
• Inspections done by Animal and Plant Health
  Inspection Service and the Public Health Service
  in every state.

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What models and management techniques are used
for lab animals?

• 2 basic animal needs that are monitored
• Nutrition
• Environment
• Nutrition
• keep animals well fed
• malnutrition could affect experiment results

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Review

• What types and methods are used for animal
  research?
• What animals are used in lab research?
• What models and management techniques are used
  for lab animals?

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The End!