Road to the American Revolution

1
Road to the American Revolution
2

• While there were many causes of the American
  Revolution, it was a series of unfortunate events
  that finally triggered the outbreak of WAR!

3

• Events would lead two very different armies
  toward each other.
• Once loyal subjects, the colonies would
  eventually fight for their independence from
  England.

4
Vocabulary

• Parliament- Englands chief lawmaking body.
• Legislation- to create a law
• Sons of Liberty- a violent group led by radical
  statesman Samuel Adams.
• King George III- King of England during the
  American Revolution.

5
Vocabulary (cont)

• Act- a Law passed by Parliament
• Repeal- to cancel
• Boycott- Refusal to buy goods.
• Petition- a formal request

6
Vocabulary Review

• Parliament
• Boycott
• Petition
• Legislation

• King George III
• Sons of Liberty
• Repeal
• Act

7
KING George III

• The Antagonist of the story.
• British monarch during the American Revolution.

8
The French and Indian War (1754-1763)
9
The French and Indian War (1754-1763)

• Colonists fought against the French thinking
  Britain would pay for the war.
• Parliament felt that the British people were
  already taxed very heavily, so they looked to the
  colonists as a source of revenue (money).
• The British felt the wars were fought for the
  mutual benefit of the Empire and the Colonies.

10
British National Debt
(The French and Indian War)
(The French and Indian War)
11
Proclamation of 1763
12
Proclamation of 1763

• The British, heavily in debt, wanted to avoid
  military conflict wherever possible.
• Seeking to appease Native Americans, King George
  III issued the Proclamation of 1763.
• The Proclamation prohibited Americans from
  settling in the Native American-controlled land
  west of the Appalachians.
• King George sent 10,000 soldiers to the colonies
  to enforce the Proclamation Act of 1763.

13
Sugar Act (1764)

• The Sugar Act of 1764 reduced the taxes imposed
  by the Molasses Act, but at the same time
  strengthened the collection of the taxes.

14
Quartering Act (1765)
15
Quartering Act (1765)

• Required the colonies to provide room and board
  for British soldiers stationed in North America.
• The soldiers would serve various purposes,
  chiefly to enforce the previously passed acts of
  Parliament.

16
The Stamp Act (1765)
17
The Stamp Act (1765)

• Sample stamps from the 1765 Stamp Act that
  placed a British tax on colonial newspapers,
  legal documents, stationery and other items.
• Legal Document such as Marriage license, Land
  titles and Charters.

18
The Stamp Act

• The Colonists were not pleased.
• They sometimes attacked the Tax collectors.

19
Quick Review

• 1. Why did the British Parliament pass the
  Proclamation of 1763?
• 2. How did the Quartering Act affect the
  Colonists?
• 3. Why did the Sugar act make some colonists
  angry?
• How was the Stamp Act different from the Sugar
  Act?

20
Declaratory Act (1766)

• Stated that Great Britain retained the power to
  tax the colonists, even without representation.

Meaning Britain could still pass any law they
felt like. They did not need Colonial support.
21
Townshend Acts (1767)

• The Acts taxed imports of tea, glass, paint,
  lead, and even paper.
• The colonial merchants threatened to boycott the
  taxed products.

22
Townshend Acts (1767)

• A loss in profits persuaded British merchants to
  petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts.
  
• Parliament eventually agreed to repeal much of
  the Townshend legislation.
• But Parliament refused to remove the tax on tea.

23
The Boston Massacre (1770)
24
(No Transcript)
25
The Boston Massacre (1770)

• On March 5, 1770 violence broke out among the
  colonists and British soldiers stationed in
  Boston.
• 5 men die in the shooting. Including an African
  American named Crispus Attucks.
• Colonial Leaders claim the 5 men gave their lives
  for freedom.

26
The Boston Tea Party (1773)?
27
Tea Act (1773)

• This law gave a British company, the East India
  Company, the right to control all trade in tea.
• The tea would arrive and be sold by the company.
• Colonists still had to pay the high tax on tea.

28
The Real Boston Tea Party! (1773)
29
The Boston Tea Party (1773)

• On December 16,1773, a group of colonists dressed
  as Native Americans boarded 3 ships and dumped
  342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor.
• This event became known as the Boston Tea Party.

30
Quick Review

• 1. Why were the Townshend Acts passed?
• 2. Why were the colonists against the Townshend
  Acts?
• 3. What events led to the Boston Massacre?
• 4. What did the Tea Act say?
• 5. Why did several colonists dump tea into Boston
  Harbor?

31
Intolerable Acts (1774)
That was not your Tea! Who is going to pay for
that?
Not us!
32
The Intolerable Acts (1774)

• Parliament reduced the power of the Massachusetts
  legislature and closed the port of Boston.
• The Quartering Act was extended to require
  private individuals to lodge soldiers.
• Parliament allowed royal officials accused of
  crimes to be tried by a British, rather than a
  colonial, jury.

33
1st Continental Congress
34
1st Continental Congress

• In order to debate a response to the Intolerable
  Acts, all American colonies except for Georgia
  sent delegates to the First Continental Congress
  at Philadelphia.
• The Congress, which met in September 1774, issued
  the Declaration of Rights and Grievances.
• They agreed to stop all trade with Britain until
  Parliament canceled the Intolerable Acts.

35
Between War and Peace
36
Colonial fighting force
Minutemen- Colonial militia who could be ready to
fight in a moments notice. Militia- a force of
armed civilians who pledged to defend their
community.
37
Dividing the colonists

• Patriot- Colonists who sided with the rebels.
• Were labeled traitors and guilty of treason.

• Loyalists- Colonists who remained loyal to the
  Crown.
• Throughout the war, they made up 1/3 of the
  colonial population.

38
Paul Revere

• As a close friend of Samuel Adams, he was
  involved in the earliest stages of the struggle
  for liberty.

• Revere helped organize an intelligence and alarm
  system to keep watch on the British military.

39
(No Transcript)
40
The Midnight Ride

• The Sons of Liberty were prepared to spread the
  news of British movement.

• Colonial spies warned that the British were on
  the march to Lexington and Concord.
• Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. Samuel
  Prescott rode out to alert the militia and
  minutemen.

The British are Coming!
41
Lexington and Concord 1775

• 1st Battle of the American Revolution.
• British soldiers had two objectives 1.destroy
  collection of weapons gathered by the colonists.
  2. Arrest John Hancock and Samuel
  Adams
• Minutemen intercepted
• and stopped the
• British troops.

42
Lexington and Concord
43
Lexington and Concord
44
The Long Road Back

• Militia and Minutemen continue to attack British
  soldiers as the march back to Boston.

45
Quick Review

• 1. Why did Britain pass the Intolerable Acts?
• 2. What did representatives at the 1st
  Continental Congress agree to do?
• 3.Why did some colonists form militias?
• 4. What did Revere, Dawes and Prescott do?
• 5. Why were the battles of Lexington and Concord
  important?

46
2nd Continental Congress
47
2nd Continental Congress

• By the time the Second Continental Congress met,
  the American Revolutionary War had already
  started with the Battles of Lexington and Concord
  on April 19, 1775.
• On July 8, 1775, they extended the Olive Branch
  Petition to the crown as an attempt at
  reconciliation. King George III refused to
  receive it.

48

• Delegates included John and Samuel Adams, John
  Hancock, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington and
  Patrick Henry
• George Washington was chosen to lead the
  Continental Army.
• The Declaration of Independence was drafted and
  signed.

49
Declaration of Independence
50
(No Transcript)