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E3 237 Integrated Circuits for Wireless
Communication
Lecture 1 Introduction
Gaurab Banerjee Department of Electrical
Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore banerjee_at_ece.iisc.ernet.in
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Administrative Matters
Course Web Page http//www.ece.iisc.ernet.in/
banerjee/course_E3237/index.htm Class Timings
Tuesdays/Thursdays, 1530-1700 IST, Room 1.08
, ECE Bldg. Please be on Time! Office hours
To be determined after week 2 of classes,
Currently by Appointment Class Mailing List
Please send me an email with E3 237 in the
subject line (follow this convention for all
course related emails) to get added to the
class mailing list for announcements.
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Administrative Matters
Grading and Course Structure 3 lecture-hours
per week 2 homework assignments (10 of course
grade) Midterm (25 of course grade) Project (5
on novelty, 15 on final report, 10 on group
presentation) Final Examination (35 of course
grade) TAs TBA Text No textbook Please
take notes in class, or make backup
arrangements. Recommended references 1) RF
Microelectronics by B. Razavi (Pearson) 2) The
Design Of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated
Circuits by T. Lee (Cambridge University
Press) Tentative Calendar On Class Website.
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Course Contents

• System Level Concepts
• Noise and Linearity. Concepts such as noise
  figure, 2-port noise parameters, IIP3. Cascaded
  noise figure and IIP3. The modeling of an RF
  system using these concepts. Receiver and
  Transmitter Architectures.
• Circuit Design
• RLC Networks,
• Low Noise Amplifiers Mixers
• Voltage Controlled Oscillators
• Phase Locked Loops and Synthesizers
• Power Amplifiers
• Case Studies
• Cellular Transceiver
• Wireless LAN transceiver
• Millimeter wave transceiver

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Connection to other courses
E3 238 Analog VLSI Systems
E8 242 RF ICs and Systems
E3 284 Digital VLSI Circuits
E3 237ICs for Wireless Commn.
E3 yyy ICs for Wireline Commn.
E3 zzz ICs for Data Conversion

• Prerequisite If you wish to take this course for
  credit and have not taken E3 238, you need to
  take my permission.
• It is recommended that students take the Digital
  VLSI Circuits course (Prof. Amrutur) and the RF
  Systems Course (Prof. Vinoy) before signing up
  for this course.

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Frequencies and Applications
0.35 um
0.25 um
0.18 um
0.13 um
90/65/45 nm
Commercial CMOS Products
VHF/UHF Broadcasting
1 GHz 10 GHz
100 GHz
Bluetooth
GSM/CDMA 850
60 GHz 802.15.3.3c
802.11a WLAN
GPS
77 GHz Radar
24 GHz Radar
UWB
GSM/CDMA 1900
Sub-THz imaging

• Many commercial applications span the 1-10 GHz
  frequency range.
• Higher f T s are pushing CMOS radios to higher
  frequencies, traditionally the domain of SiGe or
  III-V semiconductors
• Many interesting research problems, plenty of
  employment !!!

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An informal look at wireless
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An iPod-nano Teardown....
http//techon.nikkeibp.co.jp/english/NEWS_EN/20081
016/159685/
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..reveals many chips inside...
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... including a Wireless LAN chip by Broadcom...
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A more scientific look
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A Broadcom 2.4 GHz WLAN Transceiver
S. Khorram et. al., A Fully Integrated SOC for
802.11b in 0.18-m CMOS, IEEE J. Solid State
Circuits, Dec. 2005. (Broadcom Paper)

• Architecture zero-IF with on-chip LPF for
  channel selection. Super-heterodyne/low-IF
  architecture not chosen due to filter
  constraints.
• Gain 88 dB, BW 8 MHz, Noise Figure 4.8-5.8
  dB, excluding T/R switch
• Integrated PA, T/R switch, RF Baluns and Baseband
  MAC

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The Receiver
Active Gilbert mixer
5th order Active RC LPF
LNA with on-chip balun
Wideband RSSI for blocker estimation
Narrowband RSSI for gain selection
8-b pipelined ADC
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The Transmitter
Current steering DAC for TX I/Q input
SSB mixers for up-conversion
Filtering of Data Converter image frequency
Class AB stage with balun for SE 50-Ohm output
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The Local Oscillator
Crystal oscillator for Reference generation
Integer-N frequency synthesis
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Receiver Front-end
Programmable baseband Amplifiers
LNA Dominates RX Noise Figure
5th order Active RC LPF 8 MHz BW
Received Signal Strength Indicators
6-7 dB Noise Figure with T/R switch included
88 dB RX gain with 8 MHz BW
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Transmitter Front-end
Out of Band Power due to Harmonics and Spurs in LO
I/Q mismatch causes EVM increase
Max. TX output power 13 dBm
1-dB compression point
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LO Generation and Distribution
1.6 GHz VCO used to generate 2.4 GHz output
avoids LO Pulling
1 MHz channel spacing
Integer-N frequency synthesis
1.6 GHz divided to 800 MHz and mixed with itself
provides 2.4 GHz. Spurs at 800 MHz and 4
GHz Tuned buffers needed in LO distribution
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Low Noise Amplifier
Tuned output loads
Source degeneration for input match
Cascode input stage for gain, isolation, high
frequency performance
SE/Differential Conversion Attenuation causes NF
increase
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Power Amplifier
Measure signal strength and adjust pre-amp gain
Transformer coupled, tuned output stage
Pseudo-differential cascodes
Gate-biasing for optimum linearity
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Key Transceiver Data Receiver
IIP3 -15 dBm for low gain, 6 dBm for high gain
Fix PER at 8 for different data rates

• RX sensitivity -88 dBm for 11 Mbps, -93 dBm
  for 2 Mbps
• Noise figure can be deduced from these
  sensitivity values

• Noise Figure dominates performance at the
  lower end of the dynamic range
• Nonlinearities and non-ideal LO behavior
  dominates the higher end of the dynamic range

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Key Transceiver Data Transmitter
EVM Margin
Spectral Mask Compliance
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What it Looks Like The die-shot
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Performance Summary
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Next Class RLC Networks