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Biochemistry

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Title: Biochemistry


1
Welcome to
Biochemistry
  • ??
  • Tel 54237663
  • E-mail yingz_at_shmu.edu.cn

2
? ?
  • Biochemistry Neuberg ,1903
  • Chemistry of life
  • ?????????????????,??????????????????
  • ??????????????????????????,????????????

3
? ????????
  • 1.???? ?????
  • 2.???? ?????
  • 3.???? ?????

4
1. ?????????
  • ??????()
  • ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??
  • 55-67 15-18 10-15 3-4 1-2
    ??
  • ?????
  • ??? ?? ??

5
2. ???? ?????
  • ?????????????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ??????????????????
  • ?,???,??????ATP
  • ??,???,??,????????????

6
3. ???? ?????
  • ?????????
  • ?????????????
  • ????????????
  • ?????
  • ?????????
  • ????????

7
?? ????????
  • ?????????????
  • ?? ??????
  • ???????
  • ?????
  • ????????--????
  • ?????????

8
?? ?????????
  • ??
  • ??????????,???
  • ???????,????,???
  • ????????????????,???
  • 1.?????????
  • 2.???????
  • 3.???????????

9
??????
  • ???????(?)
  • ??????????
  • ????
  • ????
  • ???????????(?)
  • ?????????????????
  • ????

????? ??http//shmc.shmu.edu.cn/jxjd/
10
???
  • Harpers Biochemistry 26th ed. Murray et al,2003
  • Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,4th ed.Dalid
    et al,2005
  • Biochemistry,3rd ed.Donald Voet et al, 2003
  • ?????????3?,2002,???????

11
??????????
???
Amino Acids,Peptides and Proteins
12
1833?,Payen?Persoz??????? 1864?,Hoppe-Seyler??????
????,???????? 19???,Fischer?????????????,?????????
??? ? 1938?,?????Gerardus J. Mulder??Protein
?????????




13
1951?, Pauling??X(?)????????????????a-??(a-heli
x)? 1953?,Frederick Sanger????????????
1962?,John Kendrew?Max Perutz????????????? 20??90
????,???????
14
???????
  • ???(protein)???????(amino acids)????(peptide
    bond) ??????????????

15
??????????
1. ?????? ???????
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????,??????45,????????,???????????
    ?80?

16
2. ?????????????
1)???????(?) 2)?????? 3)?????? 4)???????? 5)??????
? 6)?????????
3. ????
17
???
???
Amino Acids
18
???????20???????L-a-???
  • ???????????300??,??????????????20?,???
    L-???(?????)?

19
H
20
?????
  • ??????
  • ?????
  • ??????
  • ??????
  • ?????
  • ?????
  • ?????

21
??20????????????????
(?)????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????
  • ???????????????

22
?????(?)
23
  • ?????????????????????????????????

?????(?)
24
(?)??????????????????
  • ??????????????????,????????????????

?????(?)
25
(?)???????????????????
  • ??????????????,????????,??????????

?????(?)
26
(?)????????????????????
  • ?????????????????,????????????????,???????,???????

?????(?)
27
???????
  • ???
  • (????)

28
? ????
???
29
??????
  • ????HO-Lys
  • ????HO-Pro
  • ??????????????
  • ??????
  • ???????

30
??20????????????????
(?)???????????
?????????,?????????????????
31
pHgtpI
pHpI
pHltpI
????????
???
???
32
??? (isoelectric point, pI)
???pH????,?????????????????????,??????,??????????p
H????????????
33
(?) ?????????????
???????
34
(?)?????????????????

?????????????? 280nm ???
????????????????,?????????280nm???????????????????
??????
???????????
35
(?) a-??????????
?
???
Schiff?
36
(?)????a-???a-???????????
????????????,?????????,???????570nm???????????????
???????,???????????????
37
(?)???????????????????????
  • ?????-???????????-???????????,????????????

38
??????Polypeptides and Proteins
???
39
????????????????
(?)?????????????????
  • ???????(peptide bond) ??????????????
  • ???????????-???????????-??????????????

40

??????
??
41
????????????????????
????????????,?????????????
??????????????????(oligopeptide),???????????????
?(polypeptide)?
????????????????????,????????(residue)?
42
???(polypeptide chain)??????????????????????
???????
????(amino terminal)? N ?????????????? ????(carbo
xyl terminal)?C ??????????????
???????????????
43
N??
C??
??????
44
(?)??????????????
  • 1.?????????????

???? (glutathione, GSH)
45
NADP
GSH?????
GSH???
NADPHH
46
2.?????????????
47
3. ????????????
  • ?????????????????????(neuropeptide)?

48
? ????????
?????????????????
  • ???C?H?O?N?S?
  • ??????????????????????????,????????? ?

49
? ??????????
????????????,???16?
  • ???????????????,??,?????????????,?????????????????
    ???

100?????????? ( g ) ???????? 6.25100
1/16
50
(?)????????????????????????
  • ?????????,???

51
?????????
?? ?? ??
??? ?? ?????(VLDL?LDL?HDL?)
??? ????? ??????????
??? ?? ???
??? ???? ???(casein)
????? ???(???) ?????????c
???? ?????(FAD?FMN) ??????
???? ? ???
? ?????
? ????
? ??????
? ???????
52
  • ???????,???

??????
  • ?????????????,???

???(super family) ??(family) ???(subfamily)
53
(?)???????????4???
????(primary structure) ????(secondary
structure) ????(tertiary structure) ????(quaternar
y structure)
???? ? ????(conformation)
54
??????????????????????
  • ???????(primary structure)????????,?N??C??????????
  • ??????????
  • ??(?????)
  • ???

55
???????????????????????,??????????????????
???????
? ?
56
??????????????????????
  • ???????(secondary structure)????????????????????,?
    ?????????????????,?????????????? ?

57
  • ????????????
  • ?-?? ( ? -helix )
  • ?-?? ( ?-pleated sheet )
  • ?-?? ( ?-turn )
  • ???? ( random coil )
  • ???????????? ??

58
(?)??????????
?????6???C?1?C?O?N?H?C?2??????,C?1?C?2????????????
(trans)??,???????6???????????? (peptide unit) ?
59
(?)?-?????????????
60
a-??
  • ????????????????
  • ????
  • ????????????
  • ??AA0.15nm,?3.6????(0.54nm)
  • ?????????-NH---CO-??
  • AA?????????
  • AA???????????????

61
(?)?-????????????
62
ß-??
  • ????,??????????
  • ?????????????
  • AA?? ?? 0.65nm
  • ??? 0.67nm
  • ???????,??????
  • AA?????????????
  • ????AA???ß-?????

63
(?)?-??????????????????
  • ?-??
  • ?????????????????????????

64
(?)????????????
?????2??2?????????,
aa,ßaß,ßß
?????????,?????????????????,????????,???????????,?
??????? ,?????(motif)?
65
  • ??(motif)
    ??????AA????????????????????,???
    ?????,???????

66
??????????????
????(zinc finger)
67
  • ???????ATP???,?ATP???????
  • ???tRNA?????ATP???,?ATP???????????

68
??????C???
  • PS CRR1 CRR2
    CaBS ABS DFG PBS
  • 21 22
    207 23 305
  • ? H2N-RKGALR--CX2CX13CX2CX2VX41CX2CX13CX2CX
    2N---------------------COOH
  • 21 22
    210 23 301/3
  • ?I/?? H2N-RKGALR--CX2CX13CX2CX2VX41CX2CX13CX2CX2
    N---------------------COOH
  • 21 22
    219 23 310
  • ? H2N-RKGALR--CX2CX13CX2CX2VX41CX2CX13CX2CX
    2N---------------------COOH
  • 143 22
    86 23 298
  • ? H2N------RRGAIK--CX2CX13CX2CX2AX48CX2CX13CX2CX
    2N----------------COOH
  • 155 21
    135 23 301
  • ? H2N-------RQGAVR--CX2CX14CX2CX2VX48CX2CX13CX2CX
    2N-------------------COOH
  • 15 22 91
    23 312
  • ? H2N-RRGARR--CX2CX13CX2CX2L--------------
    --COOH

69
??????C???
  • PS????? RKGALR ,????????????????
    ??? RXXSXR
  • CRR1?CRR2??Cys,??????,?DG?PMA??
  • CaBS?????,??????
  • ABSATP????
  • DFG Asp-Phe-Gly????
  • PBS???????

70
  • ??????50AA?????,???CMP-SA???
  • ??????CX5-6K(R)DKKND(G),??UDP-Gal ?????
  • ????????TGN,?????????,?????TGN,??????
  • ?????????,YKGL,????????,?????????????????????????
    ??
  • ????????,CPSDSEEDEG,???????????????????????

71
?????
  • ?????????????,??,?????????????????????????
  • ???????????????,???????????????????

72
(?)??????????????????
????????????????????????????????????-???ß-??,?????
???????? ?????????????????????????????????
73
????????????????,??pH7.0???????????????,????,??a-?
???????,??????????????,???????,???a-??????
?????????????,????a-?????
???????????a-???
??ß-?????????????????,?????????????
74
???????????????????????????
(?)????????????????
  • ????????(tertiary structure)??????????????????????
    ???????????????????

75
  • ???? (Mb) ?????

153 AA 1 Heme AH??a-?? ?-S-S-? ????O2
76
(?) ????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????,?????? Van der
    Waals?????????????

77
(No Transcript)
78
(?)???????????????
??????????????????????????????,???????,??????,????
?(domain) ?
79
3-????????
80
(?) ??????????????
  • ??????????????4?
  • ???a?????(?a-??)
  • ??????ß??????(a,ß-??)
  • ???ß??????(?ß-??)
  • ???????????(?????????)

81
A. ?a-??? B. ??????ß?????? C. ?ß-??? D.
????????
82
??????
  • ????????????
  • ???????????,???????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ???????????????,??????
  • ???????????????,?????????????

83
????
  • PKA PKG PKC EGFR ????
    ???

  • ????
  • ???? C???? N????
  • ???? N???? C????
  • ATP????,Asp-Phe-Gly????,?????????

84
??CoA???
??????
  • ?????
  • ????
  • ? ???????
  • ????????
  • ? ???????
  • ?,? ???????
  • ???
  • 7??????24????,????????????
  • ?????????
  • ??????
  • ?????
  • ??????

85
??????
  • ?????????????
  • ???????????
  • ?????????

86
(?)????????????
????(chaperone)????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????,????????????????,??????
??
????????????????,?????,?????????
????????????????????????????????
87
??????????????
88
???????????????
?????????????????,???????????????,????????
(subunit)?
?????????????????????????????,???????????
???????????????,??????????
89
(?)?????????????????
?????????
?2??????????????,?????????,???????(homodimer),????
?????,????????(heterodimer)?
90
(?)?????????????????
??????????????????,???????????????????
??????4?????(a2ß2) ,a???ß??????(monomer)
,2????????(dimer)?
91
???????????????
92
???
???????????Structure and Function of Proteins
93
?????????????????
(?)????????????
94
????,?????
????? ß-????
??? ß-????
?????,???
95
(?)??????????????????????
?????????????,?????????????
96
  • ------------------------

  • ???????
  • ??? ---------------
  • A5 A6
    A10 B30
  • ------------------------
  • ? Thr Ser
    Ile Thr
  • ? Thr Ser
    Ile Ala
  • ? Thr Ser
    Ile Ala
  • ? Thr Gly
    Ile Ser
  • ? Ala Gly
    Val Ala
  • ? Ala Ser
    Val Ala
  • ? Thr Ser
    Ile Ala
  • ------------------------

97
????????(ACTH)?????(a-MSH, ß-MSH)????????????,??,A
CTH?????????????????
98
(?)????????????????
???????????????????c(cytochrome
c),?????????,???????????????
99
?????c?????????? ?????????????,????????????
100
(?)??????????????????
?????????
??????????????????,??????
101
?????????????
(?)??????????????
1. ????/???????????
?????
102
????(myoglobin,Mb)
???????????????????,?8?a-????? ???????????????????
?????????????????????,??????F8???????Fe2??????,??
????????????????
103
????(hemoglobin,Hb)
??????4??????????? Hb?????????Mb?????Hb??????8???,
?4??????????????????
104
2. ?????????????????
  • Hb?Mb???????O2??, Hb?O2???????Hb???Hb??Hb????(????
    ??, pO2 )?O2????????

105
????(Mb)?????(Hb)??????
106
  • Hb?Mb??????
  • ??Hb (Mb)?pO2???
  • Hb S???
  • Mb ?????
  • S???????????????(?pO2)???????????(?pO2)?

107
  • ??
  • ??pO2??,?????????,?????????????(80-100)
  • ?? pO2 ??,??? ?,??????????,??????(20-40mmHg)

108
  • ????????
  • ????????
  • ????????
  • ?, ????Mb???????,??O2?
  • ?????Hb??,??????,??O2
  • Hb???,??O2
  • Mb???,??O2

109
????(allosteric effect)
  • X????? Hb?HbO2????
  • ?????????????,????????????,????????????,????????
    ????
  • Hb????
  • O2?????
  • ?????????

110
????(cooperativity)
  • ????????????????????,???????????????????????,?????
    ??
  • ???????????????
  • (positive cooperativity)
  • ???????????????
  • (negative cooperativity)

111
(No Transcript)
112
????????,???????,???????????,????????????
113
(?)?????????????
??????????????????,?????????,???????????,???????,
???????????
114
????????????????????????????,?????????????????,??
?????,???????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
115
  • ???

??????????(prion protein, PrP)????????????????? ??
?PrP??a-??,??PrPc? PrPc??????????????????ß-???PrPs
c,?????
116
???
???????? Chemical and Physical Properties of
Proteins
117
?????????????

??????????????????,????????????,??????pH??????????
??????????
  • ???????( isoelectric point, pI)

??????????pH?,????????????????,???????,?????,?????
pH??????????
118
???????????
????????????,?????1??100???,????????1100nm,??????
??
  • ??????????
  • ??????
  • ???

119
???
?????????
120
??????????????
  • ??????(denaturation)

?????????????,???????????,??????????????????,?????
???????????????
121
  • ???????

?????????????????????????????? ?
122
  • ????
  • ?????,???????????????
  • ??, ??????????????????(????)??????

123
  • ??????(renaturation)

??????????,???????,?????????????????????,???? ?
124
????,?????
????? ß-????
??? ß-????
?????,???
125
  • ?????

??????,??????????,????????????,????????? ?????????
?,?????????,??????
  • ????????(protein coagulation)

??????????????????????,???????????????
126
??????????????????
??????????????????????,???280nm???????????????OD28
0?????????,????????????
127
???????????????????
(?)??????????????
  • ??????????????????????(ninhydrin reaction) ?

128
(?)???????????????
  • ???????????????????????,???????,??????????(biuret
    reaction) ?
  • ??????????????????

129
???
?????????? ???? Isolation, Purification and
Sequencing of Proteins
130
????????????????????????
  • ??(dialysis)

?????????????????????????
  • ???

????????????????????????????,?????????????
131
?????????????????????????
  • ???????,???04??????,??????10???????????????????,?
    ???????????,????????
  • ??(salt precipitation)?????????????????????,??????
    ?????????????,????????

132
  • ?????(immunoprecipitation)

????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
????,???????????????????
133
??????????????????????
??????????pI??????????,???????????????????????????
?????????????, ????(elctrophoresis)
? ????????,??????????????
134
  • ??????????
  • SDS-?????????,?????????????
  • ??????,???????????????????????
  • ??????,?????????????

135
???????????????????????
  • ??(chromatography)

????????(???)????????(???)?,??????????????????????
????,??????????????????,?????????????????????? ?
136
  • ????????????
  • ??????????????????????????
  • ????(gel filtration)???????,???????????????

137
(No Transcript)
138
(No Transcript)
139
????????????????????????
  • ?????(ultracentrifugation)????????????????????????
    ???
  • ????????????????(sedimentation coefficient,
    S)??,???????????????? ?

140
??????S????????????,?????????????????,????????????
??????????????
S
141
(No Transcript)
142
????????????????????????????
????????????????(??????)
???????????????????????
????????,??????
?????????????,????Edman???
  • ?????????,??????????????,??????????,??????????????
    ????

143
???????????
144
  • ?????????????????

??????????
??DNA??
???mRNA??
??????????????????
145
??????????????????????????????
  • ??????

?????????(circular dichroism,CD)??????????????????
?-???CD??222nm?????208nm?????198nm??????????-???
CD??????
146
  • ????????
  • X?????(X-ray diffraction)???????(nuclear magnetic
    resonance, NMR)???????????????????

147
  • ????????????????????

??????????????,???????????,?????????????????
?????????????????,??????????????,?????,?????????
??????
148
??
  • ???
  • L-?-
  • ????
  • ??
  • ???
  • ????
  • ???
  • ????????
  • ?????
  • ??????
  • ????????
  • ???
  • ????
  • ????
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