???????????,????????,?????????,?????????????Internet????????,?????????,????????,??????

1
? ?

• 2012???????

2
????

• ???????????,????????,?????????,?????????????Intern
  et????????,?????????,????????,??????

????????????
??????
????
???,???
3
??????????

1. ????????????(??????????????,??1954?)???????????,
   ??????
2. ???????????(?????,??1969?ARPA?)1964????????
   (store and forward) ??????????????????
   (packet),?????????1969?12?????????????? (DARPA)
   ????????????????????ARPANET,??????????????????Inte
   rnet???????????????????
3. ???????????????(???????,??1983?OSI?????)
   ??ARPANET???,??????????????????,?????????????1984
   ??????????????????????????????????????????,???
   ???????????????????7???,????OSI7????
4. ?????????????(??????,Internet???)1990?ARPANET???
   ???,?NSFNET?????????,?????????Internet?90????,????
   ???????Internet,??21????????Internet??????

4
????????(??? ?? ?? ??)

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??
• ????(??????????????????????????)
• ????(???????????????)
• ?????(?????????????????????????)?
• ?????????????????????????????????

5
???????????

1. ??????????(chinanet)????1995?,?????????,????????
   ????????163?????
2. ???????(chinagbn)????1993?,??????????????,??????
   ??????????????????????????????????????????????
3. ???????????(cernet)????1994?,????????,??????????
   ????????????(???????????)????
4. ???????(cstnet)????1994?,??????????

6
????????

• ???????
• ???(Local Area Network)?????1KM????,
• ???(Metropolitan Area Network)??????????????
• ???(Wide Area Network)???????????????
• ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ???????????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????? ?

7

1. ???? ????????????,??????????????????,????????????
   ????,??????????????,??????????????
2. ???? ???????????????????,????????????(???)??,????
   ??????????????????????????????????????????
3. ???? ???????????????,?????????????????????????,??
   ?????????????????????
4. ????????,????????????

8
???????

• ??????????,??????????????,??????????????
• ????(Circuit Switching)??????????????,?????????,??
  ???????????????????,?????????????????????
• ????(Message Switching)?????????????,?????????????
  ??,??????????????????????????? ??
• ????(Packet Switching)?????????,1969????ARPANET???
  ,???????ARPANET????????,??????????????????????????
  ?????????,??????????????????(???),????????????????
  ????????,????????????????,??????????????????,?????
  ??????Ip?? ??

9
???? ??????????????????????????????????
1????

•  ??????????????????(Workstation)????(Server)???
•    ??????????????????????????
•   ????????????????????,????????,?????(Client)????
  ????????????????
• ?????????????
• ??/???(C/S,Client/Server)??
• ??(Peer to Peer)???

10
2?????
?????????????????,????????????????????????????????
????????????????????
11
3???????
?????

• ?????????(NIC),???NetworkInterfaceCard????????????
  ???????????PC??LAN?????????
• ??(NIC) ??????????,????????????????????????????,??
  ???????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ??,??????,???????????????8??16????
• ?????????????,???????????????,???????????????????
  ??,?????????,????????,??????????????????????,?????
  ??????,??????(??,?????????????,????????????,??????
  ????)

12

• ???,??????????,??????????????,?????????????,??????
  ???
• ???(HUB)???(Hub)?????????,????????????????,???????
  ??????OSI/RM?????,????,??????????????????,????????
  ????????????????MAC???,????????????????,?????????

??,??????2????????????1?????,??????2????
???(SWITCH),??????????,???????,??????? ???????
?????,???? ??????????????MAC???????????????
13
???(Router) ????????????(?????????)?????? ??????I
SO/OSI-RM?????????????????????????????????????????
???????ID?(?IP??)??????????
??(Gateway) ,?????????????????????????????????????
??,?????????????????,?????????????????????????????
?. ???????????????????????????????? ???????,????
?????,??????? ???????????????????IP???????,??????
????IP???????????????????
??,???????---?1?(???) ??????----?2?(?????) ???---
-?3?(???)
14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
????
??????????? 1?PSTN????????MODEM,???,??? 2?DDN?Di
gital Data Network???,????????,???????????????,?
??? 3?ISDN????????????????????? ADSL?Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Loop(?????????)
Modem,????????????????,???"????",???"????"????????
??????????,?PC??????????????????????????????Intern
et?,???????????"??"???????? ??,??????????????????
??? ??,?????????????
17
????

1. ?????????????,???????????????,?????????,??????????
   ?????????,???????????????, ????????????
2. ????????????????, ?????????????????????????,
   ???????????? ??????, ?????????????,???????????????
   ?????,?????????????????OSI??(Open
   SystemsInterconnection),????????????
3. ???OSI??????,??????????????????,??????????????????
   ???, ??????? ??, ?20 ??80 ??,???????(
   ISO,International Organization for
4. Standardization)??????????????????, ???????
5. ?????????????????????OSI??,OSI?????
6. ?????????

18
????

• ???????(ISO)???????????(OSI)??????????????

??????
??????
19

• OSI?????????????
• TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
  Protocol??????/??????)??????? ??? ,
  ????????????????????????,??????????????????
• TCP/IP??????,???TCP/IP????TCP?IP?UDP?ICMP?RIP?TELN
  ETFTP?SMTP?ARP?TFTP?????,????????TCP/IP??
• TCP/IP?????????20??70??,???????IP???TCP???????????
  ??????

20
TCPTransmission Control Protocol,??????? IPInter
net Protocol,?????? ??????????????? ??????????????
?????TCP,???????,?????????????? ?????????????????
??IP,????????????,????????????
????,????????

1. ?????,????????????????????
2. Internet?,???IP??,IP????Internet???,?????????,IP??
   ??????????ARP,ICMP,IGMP?IP
3. ???,??????????????,?????????TCP?UDP,??????????????
   ?????????
4. ???,???????FTP,DNS,TELNET?

21
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22
ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)??????
???????????????????????????????????(???)??,???????
????????????,???????,??????????,???????????????,??
????????????????,??????????? DHCP(Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol)????????
???TCP/IP????????????????,????BOOTP??,??BOOTP?????
???????????????????????????????????DHCP?????TCP/IP
?????TCP/IP???????,????IP????????????????,????????
???,?????DHCP????? FTP(File Transfer
Protocol)?????? ????????,???????????????????????
????????HTTP??????SMTP??,FTP????TCP/IP??????????FT
P??????????????????????,??????????????????????????
??,?????????DOS?????FTP,?????????????????FTP???(??
,???,?????)??????????????????????,??????FTP?ANONYM
OUS?????????,????????????????
23
POP3(Post Office Protocol Version 3)????-??3
???????????????/???????????????????,???????,??????
????????????????????????????????????E-mail
??????????,???????????? SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol)???????? ???????????TCP/IP??? PPP(Point
to Point Protocol)????? ???????????????????,?????
????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
?????????,??????????????,????????????PPP???IP??,??
?????TCP/IP???????
24
IP??

• ?????Internet??????????Internet?????????
  ???????????32?Internet??(Internet Protocol
  Address,??IP Address),???????????????????????????,
  ???????8bit????,?????????????????????
•  ???IP???4?????,??????0-255??,???????IP????202.20
  6.65.115,????202.206.259.3?

25
IP??

• ???Internet???????????IP??,v4???ip???32?,IP???????
  ????4?,????????????????,???IP??????????????61.153
  .238.132,?????????,??IP??????????255?

1-126
IPv4??32?????,????43????,???20052010????????,?IPv
6??128?????,??????????????
26
(No Transcript)
27
?????    ??????,??A??B?????????,???????,?????????
???????C??????????254???,?????????????,???????????
?????,????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????    ???????????????????????
IP???????(???????)??????? 1,???0??????,A?B?C??????
????
?? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????
A 255.0.0.0 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
B 255.255.0.0 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000
C 255.255.255.0 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000
28
?????IP????
???????????1
??? ??? ?????
?0 ?0 ??????
?0 ??? ???????
?1 ?1 ????????
??? ?1 ??????????????
127 ??? ???????????
29
??????????IP?????,????????????????????????????,??I
P?????????,???????????????
A 10.0.0.010.255.255.255
B 172.16.0.0172.31.255.255
C 192.168.0.0192.168.255.255
30
(No Transcript)
31
??

• ??????????????,????????????????????,????
  ?????????????????????????.???????????????www.si
  na.com.cn,??www????,sina.com.cn???
• ??????????,????????????,?????????,???.??
  ?,???????????????????

?????? (1)????????????(ICANN)???????????? (2)???
?????????????????(CNNIC)
?????? gov ?? edu ?? int ???? com ???? mil
???? net ???? org ???? cn ?? hk ?? tw ??
uk ?? jp ??
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
????????????? (1)????(WWW) (2) ????(FTP)
(3)????????(E-MAIL) (4)?????(BBS)
(5)????(TELNET ) (6)????
37

1. www(world wide web)?????????????????????????,?????
   ??????????????????????,???????????????
2. HTMLHyperText Markup Language,????????
3. HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol),??????????WWW???
   ?WWW??????????????
4. FTP File Transfer Protocol , ???????
5. URL(UniformResourceLocator,???????)?
6. Telnettelecom munication net work
   protocol,???????
7. BBSBulletin Bard System,????????
8. DNSDomain Name System,???????
9. ISP(Internet Service Provider)????????
10. ICP(Internet Content Provider)????????

38
?????????,?????????,?????????
??(Home Page)???????,??????????????? ???????
???????????????????????, ?? ??????????????,???????
??????
HTML????????????,??HTML????????? ??????????????Wor
d?????,???,?????????.htm?.html, ????????????????
??????????? ????????????,?????HotDog?HomSite?Edit
Plus? ?????????????,?????FrontPage?Dreamweaver?
39
HTML ????

1. ??HyperText Mark-up Language ,??????????
2. ????
3. ??????"ltgt"???,?ltPgt
4. ??????????????????
5. ?????????????,?????? size1
6. ????????????lthr size5gt
7. ??????????????"/"??????,?lt/fontgt
8. ??????????

40

• lthtmlgt
•   ltheadgt
•   lttitlegtHTML???????lt/titlegt
•   lt/headgt
•   ltbodygt
•   HTML(HyperText MarkUp Language)?????????????????
  ????????
•   lt/bodygt
• lt/htmlgt

41

• lthtmlgt lt/htmlgt 
•    ????HTML???????????HTML??,????ltHTMLgt??,?lt/HTML
  gt??
• ltheadgt lt/headgt 
•    ???????????????????????????????,?????????
• lttitlegt lt/titlegt 
• ???????????????,???????????????
• ltbodygt lt/bodygt

42
ltPgt

• ltPgt ??????????lt/Pgt????
• ltPgt ?????
• ?ltp aligncentergt???right, left, center

43
????

• ???????????????????????????
• ???????????
• 16??????
• 10??RGB?
• ??????
• ?????????,??????????

44

• 16??????,???? RRGGBB ?16??????????????,??????
  ????????,?????????,????????,????????????????????,?
  ???????00--FF?
•     10??RGB?,???? RGB(RRR,GGG,BBB)
  ????????,?????????????????,????????0--255?????????
  ??????,???16???10????????
•     ??????,??????????????????

45

• ltfont color"red"gt???lt/fontgtlt!??gt
•   ltfont color"008000"gt?????lt/fontgtlt!??gt
•   ltfont color"rgb(0,0,255)"gt?????lt/fontgtlt!??gt
•   ltfont color"ffff00"gt?????lt/fontgtlt!??gt
•   ltfont color"800000"gt?????lt/fontgtlt!??gt

46
URL??

• ????
•     ????????????????????????,????????????????
• lta href"http//www.newsjz.com"gt
• lta href"file///D/test/html.htm"gt
• ????
•     ???????????HTML????????????????
• lta href"/test/html.htm"gt

47

• ????ltimg srcurlgt url?????????????

48
???????

• ????????????????
• lthtmlgt
• ltheadgt
• lttitlegt
• ????
• lt/titlegt
• lt/headgt
• ltbodygt
• ???,????????????????
• lthrgt
• ltimg srcxxx.jpggt
• lt/bodygt
• lt/htmlgt

49
????? ??????????,????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????,??
????????????,???????????????????? ???????,????????
??????????????? ???????????,???????????? ??????,??
???????,???????????????? ???????,?????????????????
??,????? ?,
BIOS(Basic Inpu t - O u t p u tSystem,???????????)
????????????????? ????,CPU??????????????????BIOS?
??????????????,???????????????BIOS???,????????????
????????BIOS????,????BIOS????,??????? ???
50
?? ??????????????????????????????, hacker
????(???)???? hacker ???,???????????????, ??????
hacker ???. ?? hacker ???,????????????????
???????
???????,??????????,?????????,?????????????
51
?????

• ?????????????,???????????????,????????,???????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ?????????????
• ??????????,???????????(????)????????
• ?????????????????,?????????????,??????
• ??????