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The Internet and Web

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Title: The Internet and Web


1
The Internet and Web
  • Internet Technology
  • Internet Communications
  • Web technology
  • Web Applications

2
4.1 Internet Technology
  • What is the Internet?

3
What is the Internet?
Visualization of the Internets topology from
http//www.cybergeography.org/atlas/topology.html

4
A Brief History of the Internet
  • Listen to ethan zuckerman as he talks about the
    history of the Internet

http//www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
5
Internet Growth
The Web arrives
www.internetworldstats.com
6
Internet Hardware
  • The Internet backbone consists of the main
    pathways and connections of the Internet owned
    primarily by telecom companies.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone
7
Internet Hardware
Network Service Providers Network Service Providers
27.9 Verizon/MCI/UUNET
10.0 ATT
6.5 Sprint
6.3 Genuity (level 3)
4.1 PSINet
3.5 Cable Wireless
2.8 XO Communications
2.6 Verio
1.5 Qwest
  • Network Service Providers
  • Major telecom companies that provide the Internet
    backbone.

http//navigators.com/isp.html
8
Internet Hardware
  • Points of Presence (POPs)
  • Facilities provided by Network Service Providers
    that allow users to connect to the Internet
    backbone.
  • Internet Service Providers
  • Companies that provide users with access to the
    Internet.
  • Dial-up vs. DSS vs. Cell vs. DSL vs. Cable

Top 22 ISPs http//www.isp-planet.com/research/
rankings/usa.html
9
Internet Hardware
  • Routers computing devices that manage network
    traffic by evaluating data packets and routing
    them to their destination.

http//computer.howstuffworks.com/router1.htm
10
Packet Switching
  • A packet switching network divides all network
    data into small packets for faster, more
    efficient delivery.

An email message
Dear Joan, Hi! Hows it goin? Just finished
midterms, and it looks like I might graduate this
semester after all! -) My computer teacher is
really great and I guess that I learned more than
I thought in those wonderful lectures that I had
previously written you about.
11
Packet Switching
Divided into packets
Dear Joan, Hi! Hows it goin? Just finished
midterms, and it
looks like I might graduate this semester after
all! -) My computer teacher is really great and
I guess that I
learned more than I thought in those wonderful
lectures that I had previously written you about.
12
Packet Switching
Packet headers added
13
Packet Switching
Each packet sent individually over the network
Demo at http//acns.fsu.edu/zeisler/usedu.html
14
Packet Switched Network
Router
Router
Router
Router
email
Router
Router
email
15
Circuit Switched Network
16
Packet Switching
  • Packet switching is much more efficient than
    circuit switching.

Technology Networking/Telecoms Wednesday 28
May 2003 Sprint moves to packet-switch
networkSprint is to change its entire
circuit-switched telephone network to packet
technology in an attempt to keep up with customer
demand for capacity. Sprint's eight million lines
will be moved over to the packet-based
asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) system, allowing
voice, video and data to be broken down into
small digital blocks and sent, in effect,
simultaneously.This allows the network to be used
more efficiently, and will also allow new
multimedia services, Sprint said. Sprint is the
first major telecoms company to move all of its
local, tandem and long-distance networks over to
packet technology, according to Nortel
Networks spokeswoman Ann Fuller.
17
Internet Protocols
  • Protocols are rules that govern how data is
    transmitted and received.
  • They govern all Network and Internet
    communications
  • The Internet
  • The Web
  • Email
  • Instant Messaging
  • Etc.

Ports are numeric addresses assigned to specific
network services, and used in packet headers to
direct data packets to the appropriate service.
See http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_U
DP_port_numbers
18
Internet Protocols
  • TCP/IP
  • Transaction Control Protocol (TCP) Divides data
    into packets for transmission, and reassembles
    data from packets upon delivery.
  • Internet Protocol (IP) Controls the delivery of
    packets between IP addresses.
  • IP Address
  • a 32-bit number that identifies each sender or
    receiver of information that is sent in packets
    across the Internet.
  • 10000000.11111111.10110101.00010111
  • 128.255.181.29
  • www.fsu.edu
  • http//checkip.dyndns.org/

19
Network Architectures
  • Client/Server
  • Peer-to-Peer

Original Napster vs. Kazaa
20
4.2 Web Technology
  • What is the Web?

21
The Web
  • The World Wide Web is an Internet-based service
    that provides convenient access to information
    through hyperlinks.

22
Web Protocols Standards
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol defines and
    controls communication between Web server and
    client (Web browser).
  • URL Uniform Resource Locator is the fancy name
    for a Web address.

http//www.cs.fsu.edu/baldauf/presentations/swt/2
/index.html
http//www.icann.org/
23
Web Protocols Standards
  • HTML Hypertext Markup Language is the formatting
    language used to define the appearance of Web
    pages.
  • Try View Source in IE
  • XML New and popular standard for describing and
    classifying data in Web pages and other Web
    services.

24
Web Protocols Standards
  • Many of todays popular applications store files
    in XML format for easy data sharing.

25
Web-Authoring Software
  • Web Authoring Software allows you to create HTML
    documents using word-processor-like software

26
Programming the Web
  • Cookies are data generated by a Web server, and
    stored on your computer.
  • Used to target marketing or customize a webpage
    when you next visit the server.

Demowww.amazon.com IE/Tools/Options/Settings/
27
Web Browser Plug-Ins
  • A plug-in is a program that works with the
    browser to offer extended services typically the
    ability to view animations or video, listen to
    music, or interact with the Webpage.
  • Popular plug-ins include Flash, Quicktime
    latest Windows Media Player.

Demoshttp//harrypotter.warnerbros.com http//ge
titnow.vzwshop.com/vcast.home.do http//www.toyota
.com/vehicles/2005/prius/int360.html
28
Web Browser Plug-Ins
  • Content streaming allows media files to play
    while they are being delivered by the Web server.

www.movies.com
29
4.3 Internet and Web Applications
  • How are they used?

30
The Internet Web
31
Web Tools
  • Search Engines Helps us find information on the
    Web through keyword searches of databases built
    by spiders or crawlers (http//a9.com/).
  • Subject Directories A catalog of sites collected
    and organized by people.
  • Portals Web pages that serve as entry points to
    the Web.

32
Communication and Collaboration
  • Face to Face
  • Video Voice
  • Voice Only
  • Text Only

Effectiveness
33
Communication and Collaboration
  • Synchronous Communication takes place in real
    time.
  • Phone conversation
  • Instant Messaging
  • Asynchronous Communication allows participants to
    leave messages to be accessed whenever.
  • Voice mail
  • Email
  • SMS Texting

34
Communication and Collaboration
35
Researchers at Caltechs VRVS lab are able to
video Conference from 36,000 feet above the
Pacific Ocean.
36
Communication and Collaboration
  • Text based Communication
  • Email
  • Attachments
  • Instant messaging (IM)
  • Chat

37
Worlds Chat with avatars in a 3D virtual
environmnt
38
Communication and Collaboration
RSS (Really Simple Syndication) A web-content
distribution technology
  • Blogs (Web logs) are websites created to express
    one or more individuals views on a given topic
    (ie. http//www.bloglines.com/topblogs)
  • A blog aggregator is software that allows you to
    subscribe to numerous blogs (ie.
    http//www.bradsoft.com/feeddemon/)
  • A Podcast is an audio file that contains a
    recorded broadcast distributed over the Internet
    for use on PC or Mobile media device.
  • Podcast Aggregator provides access to podcasts
    that may be set to automatically download to your
    PC (iTunes).

39
Communication and Collaboration
  • Vlog (Vodcast)
  • Video-based blogs (www.vlogdir.com/)
  • Consumer Generated Media is the recent trend of
    the general public capturing and reporting the
    news.

How does consumer genereated media compare to
main stream media?
40
Voice over IP (VoIP)
  • Technology that enables network managers to route
    phone calls over the same network they use for
    data.

Future of Phones http//newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/v
ideo_audio_archive/?all
Also see Video Telephony
41
Residential VoIP
  • Residential VoIP, Broadband Phone
  • Phone service over a broadband Internet
    connection.

http//www.voipchoices.com/vonage.html
42
Video Conferencing
  • Video conferencing is a technology that combines
    video and voice communications along with
    document sharing.

Telecommunications is the process of working from
locations away from the office by using
telecommunications technologies.
43
News and Information
  • On-line news services allow you to drill-down
    into the story to get background information and
    details.

Webcasting uses the Web to deliver news video
footage.
44
Education and Training
  • Life-long learning is your future

45
E-commerce
  • E-commerce has opened up new opportunities in
    buying and selling.

46
Travel
  • The Web has transformed the travel industry.

47
Employment and Careers
  • The Web assists us in researching career
    possibilities
  • Selecting a career
  • Researching companies
  • Networking with colleagues
  • Searching want ads
  • Creating Resumes Professional Websites

48
Information
Consumers are increasingly reliant upon online
resources to ease and inform major life events.
  • Research on the Web
  • Subject Directories, and Search Engines
  • Issues of reliability
  • Library Web sites
  • Research Databases

49
The Future Internet
  • Internet2 is a research and development
    consortium led by over 200 U.S. universities and
    supported by partnerships with industry and
    government to develop and deploy advanced network
    applications and technologies for tomorrows
    Internet.
  • The National LambdaRail (NLR), or Internet3 is a
    cross country, high-speed fiber-optic network
    dedicated to researching high-speed networking
    applications.

50
High-Speed Internet Applications
  • Interactive Collaboration

Long distance collaboration and
education. www.accessgrid.com/
Two dancers in different locations dance together.
51
High-Speed Internet Applications
  • Real-time access to remote Resources

Scientists can control the astronomical
telescopes at Gemini observatories in Hawaii and
Chile from any location on Internet2.
52
High-Speed Internet Applications
  • Large-scale Multisite Computation and Data Mining
  • Shared Virtual Reality

Consider the future of www.secondlife.com
53
Chapter 4 Questions?
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