S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter.

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S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view
of the nature of matter.

• a. Distinguish between atoms and molecules.
• b. Describe the difference between pure
  substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures.
• c. Describe the movement of particles in solids,
  liquids, gases, and plasmas states.
• d. Distinguish between physical and chemical
  properties of matter as physical (i.e., density,
  melting point, boiling point) or chemical (i.e.,
  reactivity, combustibility).
• e. Distinguish between changes in matter as
  physical (i.e., physical change) or chemical
  (development of a gas, formation of precipitate,
  and change in color).
• f. Recognize that there are more than 100
  elements and some have similar properties as
  shown on the Periodic Table of Elements.
• g. Identify and demonstrate the Law of
  Conservation of Matter.

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• Water is  
• a compound.  
• an element.
• a solution
• a mixture.  

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• Water is  
• A. a compound.  

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• 2. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms combine to form
  water.
• When one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms combine,
  what forms?A. a different atomB. a different
  elementC. a moleculeD. a neutron

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• 2. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms combine to form
  water.
• When one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms combine,
  what forms?
• C. a molecule

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• 3. Plastic, wood, and iron are all made up of
• cells.
• atoms.
• carbon.
• plants.

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• 3. Plastic, wood, and iron are all made up of
• B. atoms.

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• 4. Which of the following elements is part of the
  chemical formula for table salt?  A. Na   B. Si
    C. S   D. O  

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• 4. Which of the following elements is part of the
  chemical formula for table salt?  A. Na    

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• 5.       Which symbolizes a molecule of a
  compound?A. He B. Be C. N2 D. NaCl

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• 5.       Which symbolizes a molecule of a
  compound?D. NaCl

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• 6. An atom is to an element, as a molecule is to
  aA. metal. B. nonmetal. C. metalloid. D.
  compound.

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• 6. An atom is to an element, as a molecule is to
  a
• D. compound.

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• 7. All of the substances on the periodic table
  are classified as elements because theyA. are
  pure substances. B. are composed of atoms. C.
  cannot be broken down into other substances. D.
  cannot be dissolved in water or other liquids.

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• 7. All of the substances on the periodic table
  are classified as elements because theyC.
  cannot be broken down into other substances.

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• 8. John has a mixture of salt, sand, and iron
  filings. To remove the iron filings from the
  mixture, John shouldA. run a magnet through the
  mixture. B. put the mixture in water and stir
  it. C. throw the mixture into the air and see
  which material falls first. D. blow on it and
  keep what does not blow away.

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• 8. John has a mixture of salt, sand, and iron
  filings. To remove the iron filings from the
  mixture, John shouldA. run a magnet through the
  mixture.

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• 9. Which of the following is an element?A. air
  B. salt C. water D. oxygen

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• 9. Which of the following is an element?D.
  oxygen

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• 10. When mud and water are combined, the result
  is  A. a mixture.   B. a compound.   C. an
  element.   D. a molecule.  

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• 10. When mud and water are combined, the result
  is  A. a mixture.    

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• 11. A solution in a dish contains 3.0 grams of
  salt dissolved in 100 grams of water. If 50 grams
  of the water evaporate, the solution isA. a
  compound. B. a mixture. C. an element. D. a
  solid.

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• 11. A solution in a dish contains 3.0 grams of
  salt dissolved in 100 grams of water. If 50 grams
  of the water evaporate, the solution is B. a
  mixture.

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• 13. If different kinds of atoms are represented
  by different colored dots, which picture
  represents a sample of a compound?

A. B. C. D.
.
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• 13. If different kinds of atoms are represented
  by different colored dots, which picture
  represents a sample of a compound?

C.
.
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• 19. A mixture of powdered iron and sulfur reacts
  chemically when heated. What will be formed?A. a
  single element B. two other elements C. a
  solution D. a compound

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• 19. A mixture of powdered iron and sulfur reacts
  chemically when heated. What will be formed?D.
  a compound

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• 20. The solid, liquid, and gaseous states of
  water differ from each other inA. the mass of
  the individual atoms. B. the size of the
  individual atoms. C. the net electrical charge
  of the individual molecules. D. the average
  speed of movement of the individual molecules.

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• 20. The solid, liquid, and gaseous states of
  water differ from each other inD. the average
  speed of movement of the individual molecules.

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• 23. The molecules in a test tube filled with cold
  water move more slowly than the molecules in a
  large tank of warm water. What is responsible for
  this difference in molecule speed?A. pressure
  B. volume C. weight D. heat

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• 23. The molecules in a test tube filled with cold
  water move more slowly than the molecules in a
  large tank of warm water. What is responsible for
  this difference in molecule speed?D. heat

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• 24. Which statement about the molecules in ice
  and the molecules in liquid water is correct?A.
  The molecules in ice have more energy than the
  molecules in liquid water. B. The molecules in
  ice contain different atoms than the molecules in
  liquid water. C. The molecules in ice have more
  electric charge than the molecules in liquid
  water. D. The molecules in ice are less free to
  move than the molecules in liquid water.

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• 24. Which statement about the molecules in ice
  and the molecules in liquid water is correct?D.
  The molecules in ice are less free to move than
  the molecules in liquid water.

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• 26. A hot air balloon rises becauseA. molecules
  become lighter when heated. B. molecules move
  faster and farther apart when heated. C.
  molecules are less attracted by gravity when
  heated. D. molecules become charged and repel
  each other when heated.

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• 26. A hot air balloon rises because
• B. molecules move faster and farther apart when
  heated.

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• 27. Heat can cause ice to change to liquid water
  byA. filling the spaces between molecules. B.
  causing molecules to move faster and farther
  apart. C. increasing the distance between
  electrons within molecules. D. increasing the
  attraction between molecules.

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• 27. Heat can cause ice to change to liquid water
  byB. causing molecules to move faster and
  farther apart.

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• 28. Moisture that collects on the outside of a
  cold glass results from the process ofA.
  evaporation. B. condensation. C. sublimation.
  D. vaporization.

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• 28. Moisture that collects on the outside of a
  cold glass results from the process ofB.
  condensation.

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• 31. The amount of matter in an object is called
  itsA. weight. B. gravity. C. mass. D. force.

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• 31. The amount of matter in an object is called
  itsC. mass.

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• 32. The observation that ice cubes float in a
  glass of water can be explained by the fact that
• most substances have less energy as solids than
  as liquids.
• most substances are less dense as solids than as
  liquids.
• ice has less energy than liquid water.
• D. ice is less dense than liquid water.

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• 32. The observation that ice cubes float in a
  glass of water can be explained by the fact that
• D. ice is less dense than liquid water.

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• 34.       Which is a metric unit for density?A.
  g/cm B. cm/g C. g/cm3 D. cm3/g

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• 34.       Which is a metric unit for density?C.
  g/cm3

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• 35. Which unit correctly describes density?A.
  pounds/square inch B. kilograms/square meter C.
  milligrams/square centimeter D. grams/milliliter

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• 35. Which unit correctly describes density?
• D. grams/milliliter

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• 37. Mary wants to find the density of a small
  stone. Which tools will she need?A. a
  meterstick and a thermometer B. a thermometer
  and a balance C. a balance and a graduated
  cylinder D. a graduated cylinder and a
  meterstick
•  

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• 37. Mary wants to find the density of a small
  stone. Which tools will she need?C. a balance
  and a graduated cylinder

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• 38. When a gas forms a liquid, which process is
  taking place?A. freezing B. condensation C.
  boiling D. evaporation

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• 38. When a gas forms a liquid, which process is
  taking place?B. condensation

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• 44.       Which is an example of a chemical
  change?A. pepper being ground onto a salad B. a
  match being lit C. sugar being dissolved in
  water D. wood being chopped

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• 44.       Which is an example of a chemical
  change?B. a match being lit

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• 45. Which action would result in a chemical
  change?A. crumpling several sheets of paper B.
  pounding a nail into a piece of wood C. peeling
  and slicing a carrot D. making blueberry muffins

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• 45. Which action would result in a chemical
  change?D. making blueberry muffins

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• 51. A difference between physical change and
  chemical change is thatA. chemical change
  involves energy while physical change does not.
  B. physical change involves energy while
  chemical change does not. C. different kinds of
  molecules are present after a physical change but
  not after a chemical change. D. different kinds
  of molecules are present after a chemical change
  but not after a physical change.

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• 51. A difference between physical change and
  chemical change is thatD. different kinds of
  molecules are present after a chemical change but
  not after a physical change.

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• 52. Evidence of a chemical change would be aA.
  melting popsicle. B. spinning top. C. spilled
  bucket of water. D. rusting car fender.

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• 52. Evidence of a chemical change would be aD.
  rusting car fender.

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• 55. Each element in the periodic table is
  assigned an atomic number. This number is the
  same as  A. the number of electrons in the
  atom's nucleus.   B. the number of protons in
  the atom's nucleus.   C. the number of neutrons
  in the atom's nucleus.   D. the number of
  protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus.  

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• 55. Each element in the periodic table is
  assigned an atomic number. This number is the
  same as   B. the number of protons in the
  atom's nucleus.  

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• 56. The element beryllium (Be, atomic number 4
  and atomic mass 9) is right above magnesium (Mg,
  atomic number 12 and atomic mass 24) in the
  periodic table. How many more electrons does
  magnesium have than beryllium?A. 5 B. 7 C. 8
  D. 15

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• 56. The element beryllium (Be, atomic number 4
  and atomic mass 9) is right above magnesium (Mg,
  atomic number 12 and atomic mass 24) in the
  periodic table. How many more electrons does
  magnesium have than beryllium?
• C. 8