Goal Setting and Personal Achievement: The Power of Relaxation and Suggestion--Hypnosis

1
Goal Setting and Personal Achievement The Power
of Relaxation and Suggestion--Hypnosis

• Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Ph.D.
• Middle Tennessee State University
• Presented At
• Hong Kong Baptist University

2
Goal Setting and Personal Achievement The Power
of Relaxation and Suggestion

• Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Ph.D.
• Middle Tennessee State University
• Presented At
• The Webb School

3
Goal Setting and Personal Achievement The Power
of Relaxation and Suggestion

• Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Ph.D.
• Middle Tennessee State University
• Presented At
• University of Nantes, France

4
Goal Setting and Personal Achievement The Power
of Relaxation and Suggestion

• Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Ph.D.
• Middle Tennessee State University
• Presented At
• Psi Chi and Psychology Club
• MTSU

5
Outline

• Have An Open Mind
• Goal Setting
• Principles of Hypnosis
• Relaxation
• Guided Imagery
• Hypnosis

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Have An Open Mind

• You can only open your heart from inside.
• Nobody can force you to change.
• Your can change at any time. It is never too
  late to change.

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Words Are Very Powerful

• Positive Words Birthday, Christmas, Happiness,
  Light
• Negative Words Disease, Illness, Death,
  Darkness
• These words change your brain waves, emotions,
  and your reactions.
• What do you say when you talk to yourself?

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Positive vs. Negative Thinking

• Dumbo has long and big ears
  Liabilities vs. Special Talents
• Drum with 1,000 cards
• What is the Probability of Winning US1,000,000?
  or
• Getting Killed?

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Frame of Reference

• The right frame of reference
  The Chinese Farmer-- You can
  find something positive in every event.
  Job satisfaction--a frame of reference
• Have you identified success, achievement, and
  happy events in your life lately?

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Have a Clear Picture of Your Goal

• Obstacles are what you see when you take your
  eyes off the goal.
• Acres of Diamonds Dirt vs. Diamond
• Golf Hole-In-One vs. Sand Traps and Water
  Hazards
• Basketball Goal vs. Background

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Characteristics of Goals

• (1) Specific,
• (2) Quantifiable,
• (3) Difficult,
• (4) Feedback (KR),
• (5) Support

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S.M.A.R.T. Goals

• 1. Specific (to insure clarity)
• 2. Measurable (to be objective)
• 3. Ambitious (to provide stretch)
• 4. Realistic (to achieve commitment)
• 5. Time-bound (to attach urgency)

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Example

• Yale Undergraduates in 1952
• How many Yale graduates have written goals?
• Only 3
• 20 years later, in 1972
• These 3 of Yale graduates had assets/wealth more
  than the other 97 combined

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Balancing Your Goals

• Career Goals
• Family Goals
• Personal Improvement Goals
• Long-Term Goals and Short-Term Goals

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Example

• Efficiency Consultant, Ivy Lee, offered one
  advice for improving Charles Schwabs performance
  at Bethlehem Steel in 1903
• Write Down Your 5 Goals and Prioritize Your Goals
  
• Reach Your Goals One by One
• A 35,000 advice (1903), Worth 6 billion Today

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Rule of 72

• A very important piece of information for you and
  your future.

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Rule of 72

• 2 x 36 72
• 3 x 24 72
• 6 x 12 72
• 8 x 9 72
• 12 x 6 72

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12 x 6 72

• 12 x 6 72 2 x 36 72
• Age 20, 20,000 age 20, 20,000
• Age 26, 40,000 age 56, 40,000
• Age 32, 80,000 age 92, 80,000
• Age 38, 160,000
• Age 44, 320,000
• Age 50, 640,000
• Age 56, 1,280,000
• Age 62, 2,560,000

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12 vs. 8

• With 12 increase (6) 8 (9)
• Age 20, 20,000 age 20, 20,000
• Age 26, 40,000 age 29, 40,000
• Age 32, 80,000 age 38, 80,000
• Age 38, 160,000 age 47, 160,000
• Age 44, 320,000 age 56, 320,000
• Age 50, 640,000 age 65, 640,000
• Age 56, 1,280,000
• Age 62, 2,560,000

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Early vs. Late

• With 12 increase (6)
• Age 20, 20,000
• Age 26, 40,000
• Age 32, 80,000 32, 20,000
• Age 38, 160,000 38, 40,000
• Age 44, 320,000 44, 80,000
• Age 50, 640,000 50, 160,000
• Age 56, 1,280,000 56, 320,000
• Age 62, 2,560,000 62, 640,000

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Effect of time

• 1903 35,000
• 1909 70,000
• 1915 140,000
• 1921 280,000
• 1927 560,000
• 1933 1,120,000
• 1939 2,240,000
• 1945 4,480,000
• 1951 8,960,000
• 1957 17,920,000
• 1963 35,840,000
• 1969 71,680,000
• 1975 143,360,000
• 1981 286,720,000
• 1987 573,440,000
• 1993 1,146,880,000
• 1999 2,293,760,000
• 2005 4,487,520,000
• 2011 8,974,040,000

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The Oldest Reference

• Habakkuk 2 2-4
• Write down the vision clearly upon the tablets so
  that one can read it readily. For this vision
  still has its time, presses on to fulfillment,
  and will not disappoint If it delays, wait for
  it, it will surely come, it will not be late.
• The rash one has no integrity but the just one
  because of his faith, shall live.

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Goal Setting

• The harder the (accepted) goal, the higher the
  performance.
• Locke, E. A., Latham, G. P. 1990. A theory of
  goal setting task performance. Prentice Hall.

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Steps of Goal Setting

• Identify Your Goal
• Set a Deadline for Achieving Your Goal
• List the Obstacles to Overcome
• Identify People and Groups to Work With
• Identify Skills/Knowledge Required
• Develop Your Plan of Action
• Identify Your Benefits and Rewards
• (Zig Ziglar)

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Goal Setting Example

• Visible Harvard
• Difficult
• Specific
• Quantifiable
• Time

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Goal Setting Example

• SAT
• Quantitative Verbal
• 99 95 (Room For Improvement)
• Goal/Big Picture vs. Steps Toward the Goal
• 3,000 Words vs. 10 Words/Day
• One Day Study 10 Words
• 30 Days 300 Words
• 10 Months 3,000 Words

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Goal Setting Example

• Quantitative Verbal
• 99 95
• 91 99
• 98 99 and--
• Pray and Get All the Help You Can Find

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Power of Perseverance

• Lee Iacocca (1984) I think that if I keep
  working at this and want it bad enough, I can
  have it. Its call perseverance.

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Power of Positive Suggestion

• Thomas Edison failed 10,000 times.
• Colonel Sanders failed 1,009 times.
• Average Millionaires failed 17 times.
• How many times have you tried to achieve your
  goals?

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Power of Positive Suggestion

• Super Bowl XXIV--Goals and Steps
• Winning the Super Bowl,
• Touchdown,
• First Down,
• Complete the Pass, (long vs short),
• Small Success Leads to Total Success.
• MVP and Self-Esteem

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This Is Your Super Bowl

• Super Bowl XXIV
• San Francisco 13 14 14 14------55
• Denver 3 0 7
  0------10
• Montana had 13 Consecutive passes.
• Montana completed 22 out of 29 passes.
• Elway completed 10 out of 26 passes.

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MVP and Your Success

• Montana vs. Elway
• Which person did not shave his face?
• Self-Esteem
• Self-Esteem x Effort Success
• Your Mind x Your Body Total Success

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Hypnosis

• Hypnosis is a systematic procedure for altering
  consciousness (Hilgard, 1975).

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Hypnosis and Meditation

• Hypnosis is different from Meditation.
• Meditation involves radically changing the nature
  of outside stimulation by
• Blocking it out
• Make it impossible to comprehend

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Hypnosis and Meditation

• Both Hypnosis and Meditation will
• Produce a state qualitatively different from
  normal waking consciousness.
• Apply some manipulation of sensory input directly
  through suggestions
• Have the capacity to leave people feeling better

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Hypnosis and Sleep

• EEG patterns in sleep and wakefulness
• Awake, Drowsy, Sleep 1, 2, 3, and REM
• During Hypnosis (Trance), you are not sleeping.
• Drowsy--Alpha waves, 7 - 12/sec.
• Just about to fall sleep

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History

• 1600s, humans could be magnetized
• 1700s, Franz Mesmer studied animal magnetism
  (Mesmerized)
• 1842, painless amputated a leg
• 1880s, Freud learned hypnosis in France

• late 19th century, French, Charcot, study
  hypnosis to treat abnormal behavior
• 1920s 1930s, Hull, attempted to study hypnosis
  with the first solidly scientific approach

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History

• E.R. Hilgard, founder, director of 1st hypnosis
  research labs, Stanford Univ.
• 1978 1/3 American dental and medical schools
  offering courses in hypnosis -twice as many as
  1974

• Experts emphasize hypnosis is not for all persons
  or problems. It takes a well trained specialist
  to know when and how to use it properly.

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A System of Medical Hypnosis

• A. Meares (1964). President International
  Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis.
• Braid, coined the word hypnotism from the Greek
  word hypnos (sleep) in 1841.

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A System of Medical Hypnosis

• The nature of suggestion Logical, Uncritical
• An easy suggestion does not conflict with a
  logical appraisement of the situation.
• Suggestion vs. Command/Request
• The response to a command or a request is
  Conscious, whereas the response to a suggestion
  is uncritical and is not consciously evaluated

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A System of Medical Hypnosis

• We hypnotize our patients by the process of
  suggestion.
• Two major ingredients
• Relaxation/Concentration
• Suggestion

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Concentration

• You hear nothing but my voice/words.
• Speak 200 words/min.
• Think 800 words/min.
• Can you think of something else while listening
  to a lecture?
• Is your mind wondering around afar?

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Factors Influencing Suggestion

• Affective Relationship
• Prestige
• Nonverbal Communication
• Facilitation
• The acceptance of one suggestion always aids to
  the acceptance of another suggestion.

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Factors Influencing Suggestion

• Grading
• Suggestions are accepted more readily if they are
  graded as to difficulty of acceptance.
• Expectancy
• When the patient is in a state of expectancy
  he/she makes suggestions more easily.
• Drugs

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Suggestibility

• 1. Individual Differences
• 2. Tense, Anxious, Restless (Contact Lenses,
  Needs, Beliefs, Control)
• 3. Skill Experience of the Therapist
• 4. Personality of the Therapist
• 5. Culture

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Suggestibility

• 6. Education
• 7. Degree of Sophistication of the Patient
• 8. Unconscious Defense Mechanisms (well
  adjusted emotionally)
• 9. Fatigue
• 10. Drugs

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Suggestibility

• 11. The Nature of the Suggestion
• 12. The State of Rapport
• 13. The Acceptance of Previous Suggestions
• 14. The Relative Difficulty of Acceptance of
  the Present Suggestion
• 15. Grading

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• I. Increased Suggestibility
• As they became more deeply hypnotized, they
  are able to accept more difficult suggestions.
• e.g., move limbs, see things behave as if they
  were in imaginary situations

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• II. Secondary Phenomena
• 1. Hypnotic Rapport
• He comes to a merge his identity with
  that of the hypnotist.
• Automatic Obedience

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• 2. Hypnotic Sleep
• Induced by suggestions of relaxation
  and sleep
• Hypnotic Sleep vs. Normal Sleep(EEG)
• 3. Amnesia
• Spontaneous Amnesia vs. Suggested
  Amnesia

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• 4. Regression
• a. He is there. He sees only as an
  onlooker.
• b. He relives it as an adult.
• c. He relives the childhood experience as
  a child

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• 5. Failure of Repression
• Patchy incomplete
• Failure of repression can also be aided
  by suggesting to the patient that he can
  now remember incidents in the past.

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• 6. Hysteroid Behavior
• The patient may carry out suggestions
  in an extremely exaggerated fashion. (lacks
  naturalness)

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• 7. Unconscious Limitation
• The hypnotized patient tends to
  behave in a way in which he believes a
  hypnotized person does behave.
• Patients sophistication and culture
  background
• Reincarnation

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• 8. Hallucinatory Phenomena
• spontaneous vs. direct suggestion
• 9. Post-hypnotic Suggestion
• The hypnotized subject is given a
  suggestion to be carried out at some time
  after he has awakened from hypnosis.

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• 10. Nonverbal Communication
• a. Communication of Attitude
• authoritative attitude vs. passive
• b. Primitive Communication
• hypnosis can be induced in most normal
  people, love hate

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The Phenomena of Hypnosis

• c. Gesture
• Arm Levitation
• d. Symbolic Behavior
• Eye Contact
• e. Communication by Behavior
• Physical Distance - Emotional Distance
• adjusting the blanket

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The State of the Art of Clinical Hypnosis

• It is a child of both the science and art of
  helping professions.
• In The Past the regressive, uncovering, and
  abrasive aspects of hypnosis.
• Doing something to them
• Archeology

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Clinical Hypnosis

• The contemporary practice adaptation, problem
  solving, enhanced coping capacities, and mastery.
• Do something for themselves
• Architecture

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Hypnotizability

• The ability to absorb oneself in fantasy
• The ability to become deeply immersed in reading,
  music or whatnot.
• Have a rich fantasy life from childhood onward

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Hypnotizability

• The ability to focus attention and to concentrate
• An openness to new experience
• A willingness to comply with suggestions
• Hypnosis is a technique, like using a
  stethoscope, and what you do with it is more
  important than the routine skill.

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Mechanisms of Hypnosis

• The muscular action is controlled psychologically
  e.g., the gradual lowering or raising of the arm
  in response to hypnotic suggestion

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Mechanisms of Hypnosis

• Hallucination
• Positive Hallucination You see something that
  isnt there
• Negative Hallucination You dont see something
  that is there
• Activities, acts of the imagination, seem
  effortless

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Mechanisms of Hypnosis

• Can an hypnotized person be induced to commit a
  crime?
• No, not unless youre a criminal to start with.
• Nobody can be hypnotized against his/her will.

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Relaxation

• Breathe Slowly and Deeply
• Relax all your muscles

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Guided Imagery

• Use Your Imagination
• Follow the Suggestions
• Dont Question and Evaluate Any Statement
• You will Hear Nothing But My Voice
• Analogy

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Smoking

• You can live comfortable without smoking
• You will feel good when you stop smoking
• You will breathe freely
• You will enjoy the clear and fresh air
• You dont see the light of your cigarettes
• You have 100 control of your thoughts
• When the Mind talks, your body listens.

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Silk POTS
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When Your MIND Talks,Your BODY Listens.
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You Cant Change People.People Can Change,
WhenThey Want to Change
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The Pygmalion EffectYour Expectations Are
TheKey To Other PeoplesPerformance
AndDevelopment
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The Galatea EffectPeoples Self-ExpectationWill
Help Them AchieveTheir Own Goals.
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In George Bernard Shaws Pygmalion,Eliza
Doolittle ExplainsThe difference between a
lady and a flower girl is not how she behaves but
how she is treated. J. Sterling Livingston
(1988) Harvard Business ReviewEnthusiasm and
apathy--both are infectious.
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You Can Do It.
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Thank You
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Mechanisms of hypnosis

• Hypnosis can strengthen the will in a beneficial
  way.
• The use of self-hypnosis is therapeutically very
  valuable.

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Secrets of a modern Mesmer

• Coleman, D, (1977). Secrets of a modern
  Mesmer. Psychology Today, 11 (2), 62- 66.
• I can tell your unconscious mindthat you are an
  excellent hypnotic subject.
• Youre close enough to me for your unconscious
  mind to hear me.

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Secrets of a modern Mesmer

• Your conscious mind can do anything it wishes.
  All that is important is for the unconscious mind
  to pay attention.

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Secrets of a modern Mesmer

• While Ive been talking to you, your blood
  pressure has altered, your heart rate has
  altered, your respiration has altered. Your
  muscle tone has changed, your motor reflexes have
  changed. And now just close your eyes and
  experience the sense of inner comfort.

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Secrets of a modern Mesmer

• Just enjoy that comfort. There is nothing you
  need to do consciously, your unconscious knows
  what to do without your conscious mind knowing,
  and it doesnt need to share anything with your
  conscious mind.

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Ten Devices That Almost Instantly Hypnotize

• By Professor Lawrence Powers
• 1. Be prepared
• Food that is hard to digest, alcohol and
  tobacco should be avoided. Stay in good
  physical condition and sleeping well facilitate
  the practice of hypnotism.
• 2. Develop the Intensity of YOUR Gaze

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Ten Devices That Almost Instantly Hypnotize

• 3. Practice Autosuggestion
• I feel my own will grow stronger and
  stronger. No one can resist the power of my
  gaze.
• 4. Build up Your Energy
• Breath Calmly

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Ten Devices That Almost Instantly Hypnotize

• 5. How to Hypnotize Easily
• Hold it high enough from his forehead
• 6. Reinforce the Effect Through Suggestion
  Keep your eyes focused on the center of this
  design. Nothing else exists.
• 7. Rotate the Design

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Ten Devices That Almost Instantly Hypnotize

• 8. Utilize the Mirror Effect
• 9. Devices for Developing a Potent Gaze
• Focus on the point Precisely between the
  eyes
• 10. Point your fingers toward the subject. The
  cumulative effect of gaze, magnetism, hypnotic
  designs, voice and gestures