WHMIS

1
WHMIS

• Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

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Unit 1

• Hazardous Chemicals

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Lets Do an Experiment

• Lets take two safe chemicals and mix them
  together.
• Potassium permanganate
• Glycerin
• Both of these are available at any pharmacy.

4
Reasons for WHMIS

• Designed after the US model called the Right to
  Know law.
• Conveys knowledge of hazardous chemicals to
  workers who use them in their jobs.
• Designed to reduce injuries and time lost due to
  exposure to hazardous chemicals.

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Some Hazardous Chemicals

• Undercoats Topcoats
• Hardeners
• Buffing Compounds
• Cleaners
• Solvents
• Body fillers
• Welding gases
• Adhesives

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Overexposure Effects

• Acute Exposure
• Burns
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Coughing

• Chronic Exposure
• Nerve Damage
• Lung Scarring

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Hazardous Materials Categories

• Irritants
• Corrosives
• Toxins
• Poisons
• Carcinogens
• Chemicals that cause cancer
• Allergenics
• Chemicals that cause an allergic reaction

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Lung Irritants

• Chemicals that affect the
• Lungs and nasal passages
• Skin
• Eyes

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Upper Respiratory Irritants

• Affect the nose and throat
• Dissolved by water
• Normally not life-threatening
• Can make breathing difficult after long exposure
• Found in
• Thinners, plastic cleaners, urethane reducers,
  body fillers, polishes, weld-through primers,
  sodium hydroxide powder (from airbag deployment)

10
Middle Respiratory Irritants

• Cause coughing and wheezing
• Partially dissolved by water
• Normally not life-threatening
• Can make breathing difficult after long exposure
• Found in
• Thinners, plastic cleaners, urethane reducers,
  body fillers, polishes, weld-through primers,
  sodium hydroxide powder (from airbag deployment)

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Lower Respiratory Irritants

• Travel deep into the lung
• Not dissolved by water
• Can be life-threatening
• Found in
• Adhesives, rubberized undercoatings, paints that
  contain isocyanates

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Irritant Reaction

• Itching
• Burning
• Rashes
• Found in
• Epoxy repair materials, plastic bonding
  adhesives, undercoatings, cleaners, hardeners and
  reducers, body fillers

13
Corrosive Materials

• Can cause skin burns and respiratory problems
• Are found in many cleaning products and metal
  preparation materials
• Are either highly acidic or highly alkaline
• Examples include
• Paint strippers, prep solvents, wire wheel
  cleaners, sulphuric acid in batteries, oxalic
  acid, full-strength degreasers

14
Nervous System Effects

• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Nausea
• Blurred vision
• Poor coordination

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Nervous System Depression

• Ingredients that cause central nervous system
  depression include
• Benzene
• Toluene
• Xylene
• These chemicals are added as thinning agents,
  allowing the product to be sprayed or flow easier.

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Toxins

• Toxins can be broken down into
• Mild neurotoxins
• Liver toxins
• Reproductive toxins
• Blood toxins

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Mild Toxins

• Mild neurotoxins cause central nervous system
  depression and destroy nerve endings.
• The effects of this condition are similar to
  drinking too much alcohol.
• Effects include
• Dizziness, headaches, nausea, blurred vision,
  poor coordination

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Liver Toxin Exposure

• Exposure to liver toxins comes from breathing
  vapors while

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Liver Toxin Chemicals

• Examples include
• Toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, lead chromates,
  nickel compounds, methylene chloride.
• Found in some
• Urethane enamels
• Adhesives

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Reproductive Toxins

• May cause birth defects
• Birth defects can vary from minor to severe
• Materials that may contain reproductive toxins
  include
• Products containing toluene
• Gasoline
• Products containing lead compounds
• Acrylic lacquers
• Urethane enamels

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Blood Toxins

• Destroy or deform red blood cells
• Red blood cells carry oxygen through the blood
  stream. Destroying or deforming red blood cells
  reduces the amount of oxygen being carried
  through the blood stream
• Overexposure may cause difficult breathing or
  loss of consciousness
• Materials that may contain blood toxins include
• Some aerosol cleaners and enamel clear coats

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Carcinogens

• Examples of carcinogenic materials include

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Allergens

• May cause people to react to certain chemicals.
• Normally do not cause a reaction when first
  exposed. The reaction starts with the second
  exposure.
• Each person will have a different reaction to
  different materials.
• Some materials contain chemicals that are more
  likely to cause reactions than others.

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Examples of allergens

• Acrylic sealers
• Adhesives
• Sealers
• Epoxy resins
• Clear coats
• Hardeners
• Activators

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Routes of Entry

• Breathing
• Swallowing
• Absorption through skin
• Injection through skin

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Breathing Hazardous Materials

• Most common way of entering the body.
• Starts when products being mixed, poured, or
  used, give off vapors or dust particles.
• Causes them to collect in the lungs and be
  absorbed into the blood stream.
• Can be prevented by wearing a proper respirator.

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Respirators

• Used to protect against
• Grinding and sanding dust
• Undercoating and rust proofing mists
• Paint sprays
• Asbestos
• Welding fumes
• Glass fibers

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Types of Respirators

• Dust respirators
• Air-purifying respirators
• Fume respirators
• Vapor respirators
• Combination fume and vapor respirator
• Fresh-air supplied respirator

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Dust Respirators

• Generally used for dust that is non-toxic.
• Should not be used for fumes or chemical vapors.
• Should only be used if approved by NIOSH.

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Air-purifying Respirators

• Used when working with products that produce
  vapors, toxic dusts, asbestos, fumes, etc.
• Consist of a filter media, activated charcoal, or
  a combination of both.

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Vapor Filters

• Have an absorbent material, usually activated
  carbon, contained in a cartridge.
• Do not provide any protection from welding fumes.

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Fume Filters

• Made of layers of filter material.
• Do not provide any protection from chemical
  vapors.

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Combination Filters

• Combine a charcoal cartridge with a particle
  pre-filter.
• Provide protection from both chemical vapors and
  welding fumes.

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Choosing the Proper Respirator

• Cartridge-type filters are color coded to
  indicate the type of material each is designed to
  filter.
• Black color code is designed to protect against
  organic vapors.
• Orange color code is designed to protect against
  dust, fumes, and mists.
• Purple color code is designed to protect against
  fumes generated during welding operations.

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NIOSH Classifications

• National Institute For Occupational Safety And
  Health
• Identifies a series of 3 particulate filters
• 100-rated filters (99.97 efficiency). This
  filter offers similar protection to HEPA filters.
• 99-rated filters (99 efficiency).
• 95-rated filters (95 efficiency).
• Divided in to 3 categories
• N for non-oil resistant, R for oil resistant,
  P for oil proof.

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Cartridge-type Respirators

• Must be regularly cleaned and disinfected.
• Must be properly maintained
• Check for cracks, tears, or holes before use.
• Replace clogged particle filters.
• Replace vapor cartridges if contaminates can be
  smelled or tasted. If the respirator is
  disposable, throw it away.

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Effects of Welding Fumes

• Welding requires wearing a welding fume
  respirator.
• Failure to wear a respirator could result in a
  sickness characterized by
• Sore throat
• Fever
• Chills
• Nausea
• Headaches

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Effects of Welding Fumes

• These symptoms will usually occur within 4-8
  hours of exposure and can last as long as 24
  hours.
• Fumes which can result in fume fever include
• Zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, copper, cadmium,
  chromium, and lead.

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Effects of Welding Fumes

• Long-term exposure to these fumes may cause such
  illnesses as
• Cancer of the kidneys, larynx, or urinary tract.
• Diseases of the heart, blood, stomach, and
  intestines.
• Skin sensitivity, hearing loss, or eye problems.
• Birth defects.

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Fit-testing Respirators

• To fit-test a respirator
• Fasten the respirator around your head and neck.
  Make sure the fit is snug, but not too tight.
• Check the fit by covering the exhalation valve
  and gently exhaling. There should be a slight
  pressure inside the respirator without leaking at
  the seal.
• With cartridge-type respirators, cover the
  cartridges with your hands and inhale gently
  until the respirator collapses slightly.
• Hold your breath. The respirator should stay
  slightly collapsed and not leak from the sides.

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Air-supplied Respirators

• Must be able to supply Grade D breathing air.
• Should be worn whenever using products containing
  isocyanates.
• Must be used when abrasive-blasting with silica
  sand.
• Can be supplied with air from the shop compressor
  or an air pump.

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Using Compressor Air

• To ensure Grade D air from a shop compressor, a
  3-stage filter is generally used
• Bulk liquids and visible particles (stage 1)
• Particles and liquid droplets larger than .01
  microns (stage 2)
• Hydrocarbons and odors from the compressed air
  (stage 3)

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Full-face Coverage

• Since isocyanates can enter the body through the
  eyes, a hood or full-face mask is recommended.
  Safety glasses do not offer enough protection for
  painters.

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General Respirator Rules

• Must be NIOSH approved.
• Employees must be trained on their use.
• May not be altered in any way.
• Must be stored in a location that prevents
  deformation of the face piece and exhalation
  valve and protects them from
• Dust, sunlight, extreme temperatures, excessive
  moisture, and damaging chemicals.

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Ingesting Hazardous Chemicals

• Swallowing is the second most common way
  hazardous materials enter the body.
• Ingestion can occur by
• Not washing before eating.
• Eating or drinking in an area where hazardous
  materials are used.
• Biting fingernails.
• Touching the mouth while coughing or sneezing.
• Smoking after handling hazardous materials.

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Preventing Hazardous Ingestion

• To prevent ingesting hazardous materials
• Wear gloves when handling hazardous materials.
• Wash hands after any contact with hazardous
  materials.
• Keep hands away from the face.
• Eat and smoke only in designated areas.

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Absorption Through Skin

• Hazardous materials can be absorbed through the
  skin. Skin is porous, like a sponge.

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Skin Cutaway
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Absorption Through Skin

• Absorption occurs by
• Skin contact, such as picking up a solvent-soaked
  cloth.
• Washing hands with gasoline or other solvent.
• Floor cleaning materials splashing into shoes.
• Always wear protective equipment such as
• Gloves
• Aprons
• Boots

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Absorption Through Eyes

• Hazardous materials can also enter eyes through
  exposure to hazardous
• Vapors
• Dust
• Spills
• Wear safety goggles to help prevent eye exposure.

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Injection in Skin

• Hazardous material can enter the body through
  injection. This can be caused by a material
• Entering through a broken cut or a skin rash.
• Being forced through the skin by air tools or
  cleaning equipment.
• Prevent injection by
• Covering and protecting open cuts or sores.
• Following recommended safety procedures when
  working with tools and cleaning equipment.

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Review Question 1

• Technician A says that lethal exposure to
  hazardous materials can occur from biting
  fingernails or not washing before eating.
  Technician B says that lethal exposure can occur
  from breathing the vapors or dust of a hazardous
  material. Who is right?

A. Technician A only B. Technician B only C.
Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither
Technician A or Technician B
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Review Question 2

• Technician A says that overexposure effects are
  classified as either acute or chronic.
  Technician B says that acute exposure is repeated
  exposure over a long time and chronic exposure is
  a one-time sudden, high exposure to a chemical.
  Who is right?

A. Technician A only B. Technician B only C.
Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither
Technician A or Technician B
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Review Question 3

• Technician A says a supplied air respirator
  should always be worn whenever painting for
  proper protection against isocyanates.
  Technician B says any respirator will provide
  adequate protection against welding fumes as long
  as it is approved by both NIOSH and MSHA and
  properly maintained. Who is right?

A. Technician A only B. Technician B only C.
Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither
Technician A or Technician B
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Review Question 4

• The most harmful type of lung irritant is the

A. Upper respiratory irritant B. Middle
respiratory irritant C. Lower respiratory
irritant D. None of the above
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Review Question 5

• Hazardous materials can enter the body by

A. Swallowing the material B. Absorbing the
material through the skin C. Injecting the
material into the skin D. All of the above
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Unit 2

• Product Labels

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Product Labels

• All materials in the workplace are required to
  have a label. Labels are an important source of
  information that may include
• The name of the material
• Part number

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Product Labels (Contd)

• Possible hazards when using the material
• Hazard symbols
• A statement that the MSDS is available
• How to safely handle the material Suggestions for
  first aid treatment
• The manufacturers name, address, and emergency
  telephone number
• The intended use of the product

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Minimum Label Requirements

• Labels for hazardous materials are required to
  provide

• A product identifier or name.
• Hazard warnings.
• A statement that the MSDS is available.

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What If There Is No Label?

• Do not handle the product.
• Determine the nature of the material from the
  shop manager.
• Place a label on the container once the material
  has been identified.

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Hazard Symbols

• Hazard symbols on product labels are in picture
  form so they can be read in any language. The
  symbols show an immediate hazard warning about
  the contents of the container. Examples are
• Cylinder
• Flame
• Skull and crossbones inside a circle
• Hand being corroded by a chemical

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Compressed Gasses

• White cylinder on a green background

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Flammable and Combustible

• Flame on a red background

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Oxidizing Material

• Flame over a circle on a yellow background

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Immediate Toxic Effects

• Causes immediate and serious (acute) toxic
  effects
• Skull and crossbones on a white background

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Other Toxic Effects

• Causes other toxic effects.
• Letter T with a dot below it.

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Biohazardous Materials

• Four overlapping circles.

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Corrosive Materials

• Hand and piece of material being corroded by a
  liquid.

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Dangerously Reactive Materials

• Letter R with a test tube in the middle.

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Types of Labels

• There are 3 types of labels commonly used for
  identifying hazardous materials. These are
• Supplier labels
• Workplace labels
• Other Means of identification labels

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Supplier Labels

• Must contain
• Product name
• Supplier identifier
• Statement of MSDS availability
• Hazard symbols
• Handling, use storage instructions
• First aid measures
• Risk phrases explaining possible dangers of the
  material

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Risk Phrases

• Examples of risk phrases
• Explosive
• Flammable
• Lung irritant
• Causes burns
• May cause birth defects
• Reacts violently with water
• May cause cancer

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Container Label Requirements

• The supplier does not have to label
• An inner container if the outer container is
  properly labeled and the workplace agrees to
  apply labels to the inner container.
• The package liner of a hazardous material.
• The outer container if the inner container label
  can be seen and read through the outer container.

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Limited Vs. Detailed Label

• Supplier labels can be either detailed or basic
  depending on the size of the containers as long
  as the minimum requirements are met.

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Workplace Labels

• Labels created and attached in the workplace.
• Usually a result of pouring material into a
  smaller container.
• Example of mixing paint using a mixing system
• Only 3 items required on the label
• Product identifier
• Hazard warning information
• Reference to MSDS

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Workplace Label Format

• Can be a pre-made format or something as simple
  as masking tape.

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Personal Protection Symbols

• Some workplace labels include personal protection
  symbols that can be checked.

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Code Symbols

• Some workplace labels may also have a system of
  codes to show the level of certain elements in a
  hazardous material.
• The system measures
• Health hazards
• Flammability
• Reactivity
• Personal protection required

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Code Symbols

• Code system has 5 numbers (0-4).
• The higher the number, the higher the danger
  level.
• 0 is very low danger
• 1 is slightly dangerous
• 2 is moderately dangerous
• 3 is seriously dangerous
• 4 is severely dangerous

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Code Symbols

• For example, a material with a
• Flammability of 0 is not likely to catch fire.
• Flammability of 4 will catch fire very easily.
• Health hazard of 2 is moderately hazardous to
  your health.
• The code numbers can usually be found on the MSDS.

82
Code Symbols

• Codes are shown in different colored boxes.
• Blue for health hazard
• Red for flammability hazard
• Yellow for a reactivity hazard
• White for personal protection information
• The 4 categories are usually shown in the form of
  a diamond.

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Code System Example
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Hazard Code Information
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Other Means Label

• Used when labels are not visible due to something
  covering the labels
• Labels covered in paint
• Large storage containers where labels are hidden
  from view
• Examples
• A mark or symbol on the container
• Special colour coded area
• A sign or placard above or off to one side that
  indicates what the material is

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Paint-Covered Container

• Paint waste containers
• Paint containers
• Large storage containers

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Review Exercise
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Technician A says that workplace labels are
normally created when the contents of a larger
container are transferred into a smaller
container. Technician B says that workplace
labels do not need to meet the minimum label
requirements. Who is right?

• A. Technician A only
• B. Technician B only
• C. Both Technician A and Technician B
• D. Neither Technician A or Technician B

89
Technician A says workplace labels are required
to follow a code system that measures a
materials flammability, shelf life, and
reactivity. Technician B says workplace labels
can take any form as long as they contain the
basic information. Who is right?

• A. Technician A only
• B. Technician B only
• C. Both Technician A and Technician B
• D. Neither Technician A or Technician B

90
The supplier label

• A. Must be attached to any hazardous material
  that comes into the shop.
• B. Needs only to contain the product name,
  statement that a MSDS is available, and risk
  phrases.
• C. Needs to have black text over a white
  background.
• D. All of the above.

91
The blue section of the code system indicates

• A. Fire hazards.
• B. Reactivity.
• C. Specific hazards.
• D. Health hazards.

92
Examples of other means of identification
labels include

• A. Marks or symbols.
• B. Special color coded areas.
• C. Signs or placards above or off to the side of
  the material.
• D. All of the above.

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Unit 3

• Material Safety Data Sheets

94
Label vs. MSDS

• MSDS
• More detailed
• Overexposure effects
• Detailed steps to avoid overexposure
• Emergency information

95
Employer-Written MSDS
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MSDS Includes

• Product information
• Hazardous ingredients
• Physical data
• Fire and explosion hazards
• Reactivity data
• Health hazard data
• Preventive measures
• First aid measures
• MSDS preparation information

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Product Identification
98
Hazardous Ingredients
99
Physical Data
100
MSDS - Paint
101
Fire Explosion Data
102
Fire Extinguishers

• A Ordinary combustibles
• B - Flammable liquids
• C - Electrical fires
• D - Combustible metals

103
Reactivity Data
104
MSDS - Wax Grease Remover
105
Health Hazard Data
106
Exposure Limits

• Must be comfortable
• Know your physical limits
• Maintain equipment
• Know signs of respirator failure
• Store properly

107
Preventive Measures
108
Respirators
109
Types of Hazardous Waste

• Thinners
• Cleaning solvents
• Metal-etching acid
• Used batteries
• Waste oil
• Antifreeze

110
First Aid Measures
111
MSDS Preparation Information
112
MSDS - Acid Clean
113
Unit 4

• Workplace Education

114
Supplier Responsibilities

• Classify and label supplied materials
• Provide current MSDS
• Provide source for data on toxicity of a material

115
Employer Responsibilities
Labels
MSDS
Training
116
Inventory Roster
117
Hazardous Materials Inventory

• Count materials
• Refer to purchase invoices
• Look at MSDS sheets

118
Employer Responsibilities

• Make sure MSDS is up-to-date
• Add new information
• Have MSDS available

• Make sure workers understand
• Have MSDS information available for medical
  personnel

119
Employee Education Program

• Assign ownership
• Set up check system
• Make sure copy of program is available
• Schedule employees for training
• Set up training records
• Review program once per year

120
Employee Testing Procedures

• Give employees a written test
• Conduct a hands-on demonstration
• Set up a mock emergency and test the response

121
Employee Responsibilities

• Know and understand labels
• Follow label directions
• Follow safe-use procedures
• Know MSDS information
• Know emergency procedures
• Avoid removing or defacing labels
• Inform employer of missing information
• Wear required equipment
• Help develop safety plan

122
Hazardous Program Requirement List
123
Review Exercise

• (Page 75)

124
Technician A says that the MSDS provides
information on hazardous material handling,
storage, and use. Technician B says that the
MSDS can be used in place of a label. Who is
right?

• A. Technician A only
• B. Technician B only
• C. Both Technician A and Technician B
• D. Neither Technician A or Technician B

125
Technician A says that manufacturers and
suppliers are responsible for supplying training
to those who work with hazardous materials.
Technician B says the employer needs to supply
training for each hazardous material used in the
workplace. Who is right?

• A. Technician A only
• B. Technician B only
• C. Both Technician A and Technician B
• D. Neither Technician A or Technician B

126
The section of the MSDS that explains what
conditions, such as heat or shock, make the
hazardous material unstable is

• A. Hazardous Ingredients
• B. Fire and Explosion Data
• C. Reactivity Data
• D. Physical Data

127
Technician A says that the First Aid Measures
section of the MSDS explains how to treat a
worker who has been overexposed to a material.
Technician B says medical or emergency personnel
generally need the First Aid Measures section.
Who is right?

• A. Technician A only
• B. Technician B only
• C. Both Technician A and Technician B
• D. Neither Technician A or Technician B

128
The section of the MSDS that explains how to
control the material during a spill or leak is

• A. Hazardous Ingredients
• B. Fire and Explosion Data
• C. Reactivity Data
• D. Preventive Measures

129
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