Title: WHMIS
1WHMIS
- Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
2Unit 1
3Lets Do an Experiment
- Lets take two safe chemicals and mix them
together. - Potassium permanganate
- Glycerin
- Both of these are available at any pharmacy.
4Reasons for WHMIS
- Designed after the US model called the Right to
Know law. - Conveys knowledge of hazardous chemicals to
workers who use them in their jobs. - Designed to reduce injuries and time lost due to
exposure to hazardous chemicals.
5Some Hazardous Chemicals
- Undercoats Topcoats
- Hardeners
- Buffing Compounds
- Cleaners
- Solvents
- Body fillers
- Welding gases
- Adhesives
6Overexposure Effects
- Acute Exposure
- Burns
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Coughing
- Chronic Exposure
- Nerve Damage
- Lung Scarring
7Hazardous Materials Categories
- Irritants
- Corrosives
- Toxins
- Poisons
- Carcinogens
- Chemicals that cause cancer
- Allergenics
- Chemicals that cause an allergic reaction
8Lung Irritants
- Chemicals that affect the
- Lungs and nasal passages
- Skin
- Eyes
9Upper Respiratory Irritants
- Affect the nose and throat
- Dissolved by water
- Normally not life-threatening
- Can make breathing difficult after long exposure
- Found in
- Thinners, plastic cleaners, urethane reducers,
body fillers, polishes, weld-through primers,
sodium hydroxide powder (from airbag deployment)
10Middle Respiratory Irritants
- Cause coughing and wheezing
- Partially dissolved by water
- Normally not life-threatening
- Can make breathing difficult after long exposure
- Found in
- Thinners, plastic cleaners, urethane reducers,
body fillers, polishes, weld-through primers,
sodium hydroxide powder (from airbag deployment)
11Lower Respiratory Irritants
- Travel deep into the lung
- Not dissolved by water
- Can be life-threatening
- Found in
- Adhesives, rubberized undercoatings, paints that
contain isocyanates
12Irritant Reaction
- Itching
- Burning
- Rashes
- Found in
- Epoxy repair materials, plastic bonding
adhesives, undercoatings, cleaners, hardeners and
reducers, body fillers
13Corrosive Materials
- Can cause skin burns and respiratory problems
- Are found in many cleaning products and metal
preparation materials - Are either highly acidic or highly alkaline
- Examples include
- Paint strippers, prep solvents, wire wheel
cleaners, sulphuric acid in batteries, oxalic
acid, full-strength degreasers
14Nervous System Effects
- Dizziness
- Headaches
- Nausea
- Blurred vision
- Poor coordination
15Nervous System Depression
- Ingredients that cause central nervous system
depression include - Benzene
- Toluene
- Xylene
- These chemicals are added as thinning agents,
allowing the product to be sprayed or flow easier.
16Toxins
- Toxins can be broken down into
- Mild neurotoxins
- Liver toxins
- Reproductive toxins
- Blood toxins
17Mild Toxins
- Mild neurotoxins cause central nervous system
depression and destroy nerve endings. - The effects of this condition are similar to
drinking too much alcohol. - Effects include
- Dizziness, headaches, nausea, blurred vision,
poor coordination
18Liver Toxin Exposure
- Exposure to liver toxins comes from breathing
vapors while
19Liver Toxin Chemicals
- Examples include
- Toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, lead chromates,
nickel compounds, methylene chloride. - Found in some
- Urethane enamels
- Adhesives
20Reproductive Toxins
- May cause birth defects
- Birth defects can vary from minor to severe
- Materials that may contain reproductive toxins
include - Products containing toluene
- Gasoline
- Products containing lead compounds
- Acrylic lacquers
- Urethane enamels
21Blood Toxins
- Destroy or deform red blood cells
- Red blood cells carry oxygen through the blood
stream. Destroying or deforming red blood cells
reduces the amount of oxygen being carried
through the blood stream - Overexposure may cause difficult breathing or
loss of consciousness - Materials that may contain blood toxins include
- Some aerosol cleaners and enamel clear coats
22Carcinogens
- Examples of carcinogenic materials include
23Allergens
- May cause people to react to certain chemicals.
- Normally do not cause a reaction when first
exposed. The reaction starts with the second
exposure. - Each person will have a different reaction to
different materials. - Some materials contain chemicals that are more
likely to cause reactions than others.
24Examples of allergens
- Acrylic sealers
- Adhesives
- Sealers
- Epoxy resins
- Clear coats
- Hardeners
- Activators
25Routes of Entry
- Breathing
- Swallowing
- Absorption through skin
- Injection through skin
26Breathing Hazardous Materials
- Most common way of entering the body.
- Starts when products being mixed, poured, or
used, give off vapors or dust particles. - Causes them to collect in the lungs and be
absorbed into the blood stream. - Can be prevented by wearing a proper respirator.
27Respirators
- Used to protect against
- Grinding and sanding dust
- Undercoating and rust proofing mists
- Paint sprays
- Asbestos
- Welding fumes
- Glass fibers
28Types of Respirators
- Dust respirators
- Air-purifying respirators
- Fume respirators
- Vapor respirators
- Combination fume and vapor respirator
- Fresh-air supplied respirator
29Dust Respirators
- Generally used for dust that is non-toxic.
- Should not be used for fumes or chemical vapors.
- Should only be used if approved by NIOSH.
30Air-purifying Respirators
- Used when working with products that produce
vapors, toxic dusts, asbestos, fumes, etc. - Consist of a filter media, activated charcoal, or
a combination of both.
31Vapor Filters
- Have an absorbent material, usually activated
carbon, contained in a cartridge. - Do not provide any protection from welding fumes.
32Fume Filters
- Made of layers of filter material.
- Do not provide any protection from chemical
vapors.
33Combination Filters
- Combine a charcoal cartridge with a particle
pre-filter. - Provide protection from both chemical vapors and
welding fumes.
34Choosing the Proper Respirator
- Cartridge-type filters are color coded to
indicate the type of material each is designed to
filter. - Black color code is designed to protect against
organic vapors. - Orange color code is designed to protect against
dust, fumes, and mists. - Purple color code is designed to protect against
fumes generated during welding operations.
35NIOSH Classifications
- National Institute For Occupational Safety And
Health - Identifies a series of 3 particulate filters
- 100-rated filters (99.97 efficiency). This
filter offers similar protection to HEPA filters. - 99-rated filters (99 efficiency).
- 95-rated filters (95 efficiency).
- Divided in to 3 categories
- N for non-oil resistant, R for oil resistant,
P for oil proof.
36Cartridge-type Respirators
- Must be regularly cleaned and disinfected.
- Must be properly maintained
- Check for cracks, tears, or holes before use.
- Replace clogged particle filters.
- Replace vapor cartridges if contaminates can be
smelled or tasted. If the respirator is
disposable, throw it away.
37Effects of Welding Fumes
- Welding requires wearing a welding fume
respirator. - Failure to wear a respirator could result in a
sickness characterized by - Sore throat
- Fever
- Chills
- Nausea
- Headaches
38Effects of Welding Fumes
- These symptoms will usually occur within 4-8
hours of exposure and can last as long as 24
hours. - Fumes which can result in fume fever include
- Zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, copper, cadmium,
chromium, and lead.
39Effects of Welding Fumes
- Long-term exposure to these fumes may cause such
illnesses as - Cancer of the kidneys, larynx, or urinary tract.
- Diseases of the heart, blood, stomach, and
intestines. - Skin sensitivity, hearing loss, or eye problems.
- Birth defects.
40Fit-testing Respirators
- To fit-test a respirator
- Fasten the respirator around your head and neck.
Make sure the fit is snug, but not too tight. - Check the fit by covering the exhalation valve
and gently exhaling. There should be a slight
pressure inside the respirator without leaking at
the seal. - With cartridge-type respirators, cover the
cartridges with your hands and inhale gently
until the respirator collapses slightly. - Hold your breath. The respirator should stay
slightly collapsed and not leak from the sides.
41Air-supplied Respirators
- Must be able to supply Grade D breathing air.
- Should be worn whenever using products containing
isocyanates. - Must be used when abrasive-blasting with silica
sand. - Can be supplied with air from the shop compressor
or an air pump.
42Using Compressor Air
- To ensure Grade D air from a shop compressor, a
3-stage filter is generally used - Bulk liquids and visible particles (stage 1)
- Particles and liquid droplets larger than .01
microns (stage 2) - Hydrocarbons and odors from the compressed air
(stage 3)
43Full-face Coverage
- Since isocyanates can enter the body through the
eyes, a hood or full-face mask is recommended.
Safety glasses do not offer enough protection for
painters.
44General Respirator Rules
- Must be NIOSH approved.
- Employees must be trained on their use.
- May not be altered in any way.
- Must be stored in a location that prevents
deformation of the face piece and exhalation
valve and protects them from - Dust, sunlight, extreme temperatures, excessive
moisture, and damaging chemicals.
45Ingesting Hazardous Chemicals
- Swallowing is the second most common way
hazardous materials enter the body. - Ingestion can occur by
- Not washing before eating.
- Eating or drinking in an area where hazardous
materials are used. - Biting fingernails.
- Touching the mouth while coughing or sneezing.
- Smoking after handling hazardous materials.
46Preventing Hazardous Ingestion
- To prevent ingesting hazardous materials
- Wear gloves when handling hazardous materials.
- Wash hands after any contact with hazardous
materials. - Keep hands away from the face.
- Eat and smoke only in designated areas.
47Absorption Through Skin
- Hazardous materials can be absorbed through the
skin. Skin is porous, like a sponge.
48Skin Cutaway
49Absorption Through Skin
- Absorption occurs by
- Skin contact, such as picking up a solvent-soaked
cloth. - Washing hands with gasoline or other solvent.
- Floor cleaning materials splashing into shoes.
- Always wear protective equipment such as
- Gloves
- Aprons
- Boots
50Absorption Through Eyes
- Hazardous materials can also enter eyes through
exposure to hazardous - Vapors
- Dust
- Spills
- Wear safety goggles to help prevent eye exposure.
51Injection in Skin
- Hazardous material can enter the body through
injection. This can be caused by a material - Entering through a broken cut or a skin rash.
- Being forced through the skin by air tools or
cleaning equipment. - Prevent injection by
- Covering and protecting open cuts or sores.
- Following recommended safety procedures when
working with tools and cleaning equipment.
52Review Question 1
- Technician A says that lethal exposure to
hazardous materials can occur from biting
fingernails or not washing before eating.
Technician B says that lethal exposure can occur
from breathing the vapors or dust of a hazardous
material. Who is right?
A. Technician A only B. Technician B only C.
Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither
Technician A or Technician B
53Review Question 2
- Technician A says that overexposure effects are
classified as either acute or chronic.
Technician B says that acute exposure is repeated
exposure over a long time and chronic exposure is
a one-time sudden, high exposure to a chemical.
Who is right?
A. Technician A only B. Technician B only C.
Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither
Technician A or Technician B
54Review Question 3
- Technician A says a supplied air respirator
should always be worn whenever painting for
proper protection against isocyanates.
Technician B says any respirator will provide
adequate protection against welding fumes as long
as it is approved by both NIOSH and MSHA and
properly maintained. Who is right?
A. Technician A only B. Technician B only C.
Both Technician A and Technician B D. Neither
Technician A or Technician B
55Review Question 4
- The most harmful type of lung irritant is the
A. Upper respiratory irritant B. Middle
respiratory irritant C. Lower respiratory
irritant D. None of the above
56Review Question 5
- Hazardous materials can enter the body by
A. Swallowing the material B. Absorbing the
material through the skin C. Injecting the
material into the skin D. All of the above
57Unit 2
58Product Labels
- All materials in the workplace are required to
have a label. Labels are an important source of
information that may include - The name of the material
- Part number
59Product Labels (Contd)
- Possible hazards when using the material
- Hazard symbols
- A statement that the MSDS is available
- How to safely handle the material Suggestions for
first aid treatment - The manufacturers name, address, and emergency
telephone number - The intended use of the product
60Minimum Label Requirements
- Labels for hazardous materials are required to
provide
- A product identifier or name.
- Hazard warnings.
- A statement that the MSDS is available.
61What If There Is No Label?
- Do not handle the product.
- Determine the nature of the material from the
shop manager. - Place a label on the container once the material
has been identified.
62Hazard Symbols
- Hazard symbols on product labels are in picture
form so they can be read in any language. The
symbols show an immediate hazard warning about
the contents of the container. Examples are - Cylinder
- Flame
- Skull and crossbones inside a circle
- Hand being corroded by a chemical
63Compressed Gasses
- White cylinder on a green background
64Flammable and Combustible
- Flame on a red background
65Oxidizing Material
- Flame over a circle on a yellow background
66Immediate Toxic Effects
- Causes immediate and serious (acute) toxic
effects - Skull and crossbones on a white background
67Other Toxic Effects
- Causes other toxic effects.
- Letter T with a dot below it.
68Biohazardous Materials
- Four overlapping circles.
69Corrosive Materials
- Hand and piece of material being corroded by a
liquid.
70Dangerously Reactive Materials
- Letter R with a test tube in the middle.
71Types of Labels
- There are 3 types of labels commonly used for
identifying hazardous materials. These are - Supplier labels
- Workplace labels
- Other Means of identification labels
72Supplier Labels
- Must contain
- Product name
- Supplier identifier
- Statement of MSDS availability
- Hazard symbols
- Handling, use storage instructions
- First aid measures
- Risk phrases explaining possible dangers of the
material
73Risk Phrases
- Examples of risk phrases
- Explosive
- Flammable
- Lung irritant
- Causes burns
- May cause birth defects
- Reacts violently with water
- May cause cancer
74Container Label Requirements
- The supplier does not have to label
- An inner container if the outer container is
properly labeled and the workplace agrees to
apply labels to the inner container. - The package liner of a hazardous material.
- The outer container if the inner container label
can be seen and read through the outer container.
75Limited Vs. Detailed Label
- Supplier labels can be either detailed or basic
depending on the size of the containers as long
as the minimum requirements are met.
76Workplace Labels
- Labels created and attached in the workplace.
- Usually a result of pouring material into a
smaller container. - Example of mixing paint using a mixing system
- Only 3 items required on the label
- Product identifier
- Hazard warning information
- Reference to MSDS
77Workplace Label Format
- Can be a pre-made format or something as simple
as masking tape.
78Personal Protection Symbols
- Some workplace labels include personal protection
symbols that can be checked.
79Code Symbols
- Some workplace labels may also have a system of
codes to show the level of certain elements in a
hazardous material. - The system measures
- Health hazards
- Flammability
- Reactivity
- Personal protection required
80Code Symbols
- Code system has 5 numbers (0-4).
- The higher the number, the higher the danger
level. - 0 is very low danger
- 1 is slightly dangerous
- 2 is moderately dangerous
- 3 is seriously dangerous
- 4 is severely dangerous
81Code Symbols
- For example, a material with a
- Flammability of 0 is not likely to catch fire.
- Flammability of 4 will catch fire very easily.
- Health hazard of 2 is moderately hazardous to
your health. - The code numbers can usually be found on the MSDS.
82Code Symbols
- Codes are shown in different colored boxes.
- Blue for health hazard
- Red for flammability hazard
- Yellow for a reactivity hazard
- White for personal protection information
- The 4 categories are usually shown in the form of
a diamond.
83Code System Example
84Hazard Code Information
85Other Means Label
- Used when labels are not visible due to something
covering the labels - Labels covered in paint
- Large storage containers where labels are hidden
from view - Examples
- A mark or symbol on the container
- Special colour coded area
- A sign or placard above or off to one side that
indicates what the material is
86Paint-Covered Container
- Paint waste containers
- Paint containers
- Large storage containers
87Review Exercise
88Technician A says that workplace labels are
normally created when the contents of a larger
container are transferred into a smaller
container. Technician B says that workplace
labels do not need to meet the minimum label
requirements. Who is right?
- A. Technician A only
- B. Technician B only
- C. Both Technician A and Technician B
- D. Neither Technician A or Technician B
89Technician A says workplace labels are required
to follow a code system that measures a
materials flammability, shelf life, and
reactivity. Technician B says workplace labels
can take any form as long as they contain the
basic information. Who is right?
- A. Technician A only
- B. Technician B only
- C. Both Technician A and Technician B
- D. Neither Technician A or Technician B
90The supplier label
- A. Must be attached to any hazardous material
that comes into the shop. - B. Needs only to contain the product name,
statement that a MSDS is available, and risk
phrases. - C. Needs to have black text over a white
background. - D. All of the above.
91The blue section of the code system indicates
- A. Fire hazards.
- B. Reactivity.
- C. Specific hazards.
- D. Health hazards.
92Examples of other means of identification
labels include
- A. Marks or symbols.
- B. Special color coded areas.
- C. Signs or placards above or off to the side of
the material. - D. All of the above.
93Unit 3
- Material Safety Data Sheets
94Label vs. MSDS
- MSDS
- More detailed
- Overexposure effects
- Detailed steps to avoid overexposure
- Emergency information
95Employer-Written MSDS
96MSDS Includes
- Product information
- Hazardous ingredients
- Physical data
- Fire and explosion hazards
- Reactivity data
- Health hazard data
- Preventive measures
- First aid measures
- MSDS preparation information
97Product Identification
98Hazardous Ingredients
99Physical Data
100MSDS - Paint
101Fire Explosion Data
102Fire Extinguishers
- A Ordinary combustibles
- B - Flammable liquids
- C - Electrical fires
- D - Combustible metals
103Reactivity Data
104MSDS - Wax Grease Remover
105Health Hazard Data
106Exposure Limits
- Must be comfortable
- Know your physical limits
- Maintain equipment
- Know signs of respirator failure
- Store properly
107Preventive Measures
108Respirators
109Types of Hazardous Waste
- Thinners
- Cleaning solvents
- Metal-etching acid
- Used batteries
- Waste oil
- Antifreeze
110First Aid Measures
111MSDS Preparation Information
112MSDS -Acid Clean
113Unit 4
114Supplier Responsibilities
- Classify and label supplied materials
- Provide current MSDS
- Provide source for data on toxicity of a material
115Employer Responsibilities
Labels
MSDS
Training
116Inventory Roster
117Hazardous Materials Inventory
- Count materials
- Refer to purchase invoices
- Look at MSDS sheets
118Employer Responsibilities
- Make sure MSDS is up-to-date
- Add new information
- Have MSDS available
- Make sure workers understand
- Have MSDS information available for medical
personnel
119Employee Education Program
- Assign ownership
- Set up check system
- Make sure copy of program is available
- Schedule employees for training
- Set up training records
- Review program once per year
120Employee Testing Procedures
- Give employees a written test
- Conduct a hands-on demonstration
- Set up a mock emergency and test the response
121Employee Responsibilities
- Know and understand labels
- Follow label directions
- Follow safe-use procedures
- Know MSDS information
- Know emergency procedures
- Avoid removing or defacing labels
- Inform employer of missing information
- Wear required equipment
- Help develop safety plan
122Hazardous Program Requirement List
123Review Exercise
124Technician A says that the MSDS provides
information on hazardous material handling,
storage, and use. Technician B says that the
MSDS can be used in place of a label. Who is
right?
- A. Technician A only
- B. Technician B only
- C. Both Technician A and Technician B
- D. Neither Technician A or Technician B
125Technician A says that manufacturers and
suppliers are responsible for supplying training
to those who work with hazardous materials.
Technician B says the employer needs to supply
training for each hazardous material used in the
workplace. Who is right?
- A. Technician A only
- B. Technician B only
- C. Both Technician A and Technician B
- D. Neither Technician A or Technician B
126The section of the MSDS that explains what
conditions, such as heat or shock, make the
hazardous material unstable is
- A. Hazardous Ingredients
- B. Fire and Explosion Data
- C. Reactivity Data
- D. Physical Data
127Technician A says that the First Aid Measures
section of the MSDS explains how to treat a
worker who has been overexposed to a material.
Technician B says medical or emergency personnel
generally need the First Aid Measures section.
Who is right?
- A. Technician A only
- B. Technician B only
- C. Both Technician A and Technician B
- D. Neither Technician A or Technician B
128The section of the MSDS that explains how to
control the material during a spill or leak is
- A. Hazardous Ingredients
- B. Fire and Explosion Data
- C. Reactivity Data
- D. Preventive Measures
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