Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

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Types of Movements at Synovial Joints
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Groups of Movements

• Gliding
• Angular
• Rotation
• Special Movements

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Gliding

• A simple movement in which relatively flat bone
  surfaces move back-and-forth and side-to-side
  relative to one another.
• Limited in range by the articular capsule and
  ligaments of the joint
• Occurs in Planar Jonits (carpals, tarsals,
  sternoclavicular)

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Angular Movements

• There is an increase or decrease in the angle
  between articulating bones
• Flexion, Extensions, Abduction, Adduction

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Flexion/Extension

• Flexion - A decrease in the angle between
  articulating bones
• Extension An increase in the angle between
  articulating bones
• Found in hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle and
  ball-and-socket joints
• HYPEREXTENSION extension beyond anatomical
  position

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Abduction/Adduction

• Abduction movement away from the midline of the
  body
• Adduction movement toward the midline of the
  body
• Found at condyloid, saddle and ball and socket
  joints

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Circumduction

• Movement of the distal end of a body part in a
  circle
• Found at ball-and-socket joints

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Rotation

• A bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis
• Found at pivot and ball and socket joints

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Special Movements

• Occur only at certain joints
• Include elevation, depression, protraction,
  retraction, inversion, eversion, dorsiflection,
  plantar flexion, supination and pronation

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• Elevation - upward movement of a body part
  (closing your mouth)
• Depression downward movement of a body part
  (opening your mouth)
• Protraction movement of a body part forward
  (mandible or clavicles)
• Retraction returning a protracted part to
  anatomical position

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• Inversion movement of the soles medially so
  they face each other
• Eversion movement of the soles laterally so
  they are away from eachother
• Dorsiflexion Bending the feet upward (like
  standing on your heals)
• Plantar Flexion Bending the feet down (like
  standing on your toes)

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• Supination turning the palm upward
• Pronation turning the palm downward