JOINTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

1
JOINTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
2
FUNCTIONS OF JOINTS

• Bind parts of the skeletal system
• Allow bone growth
• Allow growth of the brain
• Allow changes in shape during childbirth
• Enable movement

3
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

• Based On Movement
• Synarthroticimmovable
• Sutures of skull
• Amphiarthroticslightly movable
• Distal tibiofibular articulation
• Diarthroticfreely movable
• Knee

4
CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS

• Based on Construction Materials
• Fibrous
• CT holds bones together (distal tibiofibular
  joint)
• Cartilaginous
• Hyaline or fibrocartilage hold bones together
  (between manubrium and first rib)
• Synovial
• Presence of synovial membrane (knee)

5
FIBROUS JOINTS

• Dense CT holds bones together
• Types
• Syndesmosis
• Suture
• Gomphosis

6
(Fibrous) Syndesmosis
Distal end of tibia and fibula
Amphiarthrotic
Amphiarthrotic
7
Suture
Fibrous Joint
Skull Synarthrotic
8
Gomphosis
Tooth in its socket
Synarthrotic
9
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS

• Synchondrosis
• Hyaline cartilage
• Epiphyseal disk (synarthrotic)
• Manubrium-1st rib (synarthrotic)
• Symphysis
• Fibrocartilage
• Symphysis pubis (amphiarthrotic)
• Intervertebral disk (amphiarthrotic)

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
Synovial Joint

• Diarthroticallow free movement
• Structurally complex
• Consist of
• Articular cartilage
• Joint capsule
• Synovial membrane
• Synovial fluid

13
SYNOVIAL JOINT
14
SYNOVIAL JOINTS

• PIVOT
• BALL and SOCKET
• HINGE
• CONDYLOID
• SADDLE
• GLIDING

15
Pivot Radio-Ulnar Joint
Between the head of the radius and the radial
notch of the ulna. Allows for pronation (palm
turns posterior) and supination (palm turns
anterior).
16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
Range of Movement

• Abduction-Adduction
• Abduction is limited by greater trochanter
  hitting acetabulum
• Flexion-Extension
• Lateral, Medial Rotation

19
Ball and socket Shoulder
20
Shoulder Movements

• Movement in 3 planes
• Abduction - away from the body until vertical.
  Adduction -brings arms back toward body.
• Rotation
• Extensive range comes at the expense of joint
  stability.
• Rotator cuff muscles--movement and stabilization
  of the joint.

21
Hinge Joint
Cartilage
22
Condyloid Radio-Carpal
Radius Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral
23
Wrist Movements

• Flexion-Extension
• Abduction, Adduction
• Articulations involved
• Radioulnar
• Intracarpal
• Radiocarpal

24
Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Condyloid Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction
25
Saddle Joint
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction
26
GLIDING JOINT
27
Movements
28
More Movements
29
Still More Movements