Physical Education: Important at the Core

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Physical Education Important at the Core

• Study Committee on Childhood Obesity
• June 18, 2004

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Outline

• Overview of requirements / landscape for physical
  education
• Data review (quickly)
• Questions You May Be Asked

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(No Transcript)
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998
(BMI ? 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 woman)
Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, CDC
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999
(BMI ? 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 woman)
Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, CDC
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000
(BMI ? 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 woman)
Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, CDC
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001
(BMI ? 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 woman)
Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, CDC
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002
(BMI ? 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 woman)
Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, CDC
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Daily Physical Education for All Students?

• Only
• 8 of elementary schools (excluding kindergarten)
  
• 6 of middle/junior high schools
• 6 of senior high schools
• Provide daily PE (or its equivalent) for entire
  school year for students.

Elementary schools 150 minutes / week
secondary schools 225 minutes / week
Source CDC, School Health Policies and Programs
Study 2000
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Percentage of U.S. High School Students Who
Attended Physical Education Classes Daily, 1991
- 2001
Source CDC, National Youth Risk Behavior Survey
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The Relationship Between Fitness Levels and
Academic Achievement, in California Grade 5
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The Relationship Between Fitness Levels and
Academic Achievement, in California Grade 7
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The Relationship Between Fitness Levels and
Academic Achievement, in California Grade 9
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What Do Parents Want?

• 81 of Adults Feel that PE should be mandatory at
  School
• Public Attitudes Toward Physical Education.
  Are Schools Providing What the Public Wants? A
  survey conducted by the Opinion Research
  Corporation International

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What are Other States Doing?

• Illinois - The state requires daily physical
  education grades K-12.
• California - Cal. Education Code 51225.3
  requires and funds daily physical activity
  education and sports programs in primary and
  secondary schools.
• Minnesota Requires Physical Education as a core
  curriculum K-HS
• Louisiana - Statute requires that all elementary
  school students receive a minimum of 30 minutes
  of quality physical activity daily.

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State of North Carolina

• North Carolina accounts for almost a quarter of
  the nation's National Board certified teachers -
  3,667. The next closest state is Florida with
  2,256.
• Physical Education has 206 total National Board
  Certified teachers (8 are in Special Needs). NC
  leads the country.

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North Carolina Education Rules and Regulations

• Physical education should be taught each year in
  grades K 8. (BEP SBE GS)
• .5 credit of physical education is required for
  high school graduation (another .5 for HE) to
  equal 1 unit (150 hrs) to graduate from HS. (SBE)

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Diplomas

• There are four High School Diplomas Career Prep,
  College Tech Prep, College/University Prep, and
  Occupational
• Health and Physical Education are currently
  required in all four courses of study.

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Physical Education in North Carolina

• Healthful Living has 12 Standards 6 are health
  education and 6 are physical education, each w/
  specific focus at each grade level.
• No state reporting.
• HPE both are aligned with national standards
• Healthy Active Children Policy (SBE HSP-S-000)

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RECESS

• We do not have any confirmed data on the amounts
  of recess that students receive at the Elementary
  School level.
• The Healthy Active Children (HAC) policy will
  share this information with us.

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Healthy Active Children Policy - SBE Policy

• By the end of the 2006-2007 school year, every
  Local Education Agency (LEA) will have
• Health Advisory Councils and
• Developing Coordinated School Health Programs
  (CSHP) in every school district.
• Reporting system.

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Healthy Active Children Policy - SBE Policy

• No child can be kept from recess due to
  punishment.
• Shall provide appropriate amounts of physical
  activity - and defines what physical activity
  means.

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Healthy Active Children Policy - SBE Policy

• Recommended 150 (E) and 225 (S) minutes of PA
• Addressed physical education and defines what
  physical education means.
• Recommends physical education teacher - student
  ratio to be the same as other classes.

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Basic Education Plan

• 115C - 81 The Basic Education Program (a1) The
  BEP shall describe the education program to be
  offered to every child in the public schools. It
  shall provide every student in the State equal
  access to a Basic Education Program. Instruction
  shall be offered in the areas of arts,
  communication skills, physical education and
  personal health and safety, mathematics, media
  and computer skills, science, second languages,
  social studies, and vocational and technical
  education."

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Typical Questions You May Be Asked

• Cant physical education be provided as part of
  recess?
• What are the biggest barriers for schools to
  provide quality physical education to all
  students?
• How much physical education /activity do children
  and adolescents need?
• Why do schools have to take responsibility for
  the physical activity of students?
• What is the most important thing that this
  committee can do to increase physical activity
  among children and adolescents?

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Cant physical education be provided as part of
recess?
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Disclaimer

• All physical education is not good physical
  education.

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Quality Physical Education Provides

• Opportunity to learn
• Qualified teachers
• Adequate time
• Meaningful content
• National/state standards for physical education
• Appropriate instruction
• Formative and summative assessment

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Examples of Quality Physical Education

• All children being active
• Stations
• Small group games
• Technology (pedometers, heart rate monitors)
• Choices
• Variety of activities
• Various practice levels
• Personal goals
• Cooperative Activities

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Upon Graduation, A Physically Educated Person

• HAS learned skills necessary to perform a variety
  of physical activities
• IS physically fit
• DOES participate regularly in physical activity
• KNOWS the implications of and the benefits from
  involvement in physical activities
• VALUES physical activity and its contribution to
  a healthful lifestyle

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National and NC Standards

• Standard 1 Demonstrates competency in motor
  skills and movement patterns needed to perform a
  variety of physical activities
  (Physical skills)
• Standard 2 Demonstrates understanding of
  movement concepts, principles, strategies, and
  tactics as they apply to the learning and
  performance of physical activities
  (Knowledge)
• Standard 3 Participates regularly in physical
  activity.
  (Physical activity)

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National and NC Standards

• Standard 4 Achieves and maintains a health
  enhancing level of physical fitness
  (Health-related fitness)
• Standard 5 Exhibits responsible personal and
  social behavior that respects self and others in
  physical activity settings
  (Behavioral skills)
• Standard 6 Values physical activity for health,
  enjoyment, challenge, self-expression and/or
  social interaction
  (Intrinsic value)

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Physical Activity vs. Physical Education

• Physical activity behavior
• Physical education curricular area that teaches
  about physical activity. This helps students
  attain the knowledge and skills of physical
  education and does not just provide an
  opportunity for students to be physically active.

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Physical Activity vs. Physical Education

• Students are physically active in physical
  education, but students are not (comprehensively)
  physically educated at recess or through sport
  participation.
• Cant physical education be provided as part of
  recess? No.

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What are the biggest barriers for schools to
provide quality physical education to all
students?

• Unintended consequences of accountability and No
  Child Left Behind (NCLB).

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FUNDING and TIME

• Funding for
• HL Coordinators
• Hiring Certified Physical Education Teachers
• Facilities
• Teacher Training
• Time restrictions - pressures from
• NCLB
• Non-funded Mandates

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Unintended Consequence of NCLB in North Carolina

• Coaching positions at risk to keep other and
  highly qualified teachers.
• Physical Education is decreasing in time and
  increasing in class size.

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Implications of NCLB on Physical Education

• NCLB does not list physical education as core,
  even though it is considered a core academic
  subject in North Carolina.
• Physical Educators are teaching reading.
• General Public does not understand the difference
  in PE and PA

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Implications of NCLB on Physical Education

• Carol M. White Physical Education for Progress
  (PEP) is listed in NCLB for LEAs or community
  based organizations to provide leadership towards
  improving Physical Education and Nutrition.
• Not every district has someone to apply for the
  LEA grant.

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Carol M. White Physical Education for Progress
(PEP) Grants

• 2001
• Kannapolis City Schools, North Carolina, 199,388
• 2002
• Columbus County Schools, 95,627
• Cumberland County Schools, 182,522
• Sugar Creek Charter School, Charlotte 104,804
• Brunswick County Public Schools, 121,923

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Carol M. White Physical Education for Progress
(PEP) Grants

• 2003
• Wake County Public School System, 493,024
• Cherokee County Schools, 277,238
• New Hanover County Schools, 149,838
• Alpha Academy Charter School, Fayetteville,
  107,532

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NCLB - 21st Century Schools Learning Grants

• Twenty-First Centuries grants are available for
  providing after school and physical activity
  programs for students.
• Physical activity is being substituted for
  physical education and what we teach for lifelong
  learners.

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How much physical activity/education do children
and adolescents need?
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Recommended Standards for Amounts of Physical
Education

• Physical Education Recommendation for Schools
• ES at least 150 minutes/week
• MS, HS at least 225 minutes/week
• National Association for Physical Education and
  Sport (NASPE)
• NC State Board of Education
• Many others that support the NASPE recommendation
  (e.g., CDC, NASBE, National Pediatric
  Association, CCSSO)

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Recommended Standards for Amounts of Physical
Activity

• Physical Activity recommendations for communities
  (the BIG PICTURE)
• At least 60 minutes, and up to several hours, a
  day of physical activity
• NASPE
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Federal
  government), CDC, Goals 2010

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Why do schools have to take responsibility for
the physical activity of students?
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Why Schools?

• School physical education programs are the one
  place that
• All children can participate in regular physical
  activity.
• All children can become physically educated for a
  lifetime of physical activity.

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Why Schools?

• School physical education programs are the one
  place that
• We teach mind and body for physical, social, and
  emotional
• Have opportunity with professional to develop
  skills and learn appropriate information.

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Why Schools?

• Physical Activity
• Balances Serotonin
• too much - depressed
• not enough - chaos
• Exercise and diet are a natural way to balance
  serotonin.

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Why Schools?

• Physical Activity
• Elevates endorphins
• The feel good chemical
• Exercise and diet are a natural way to elevate
  endorphins.

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Why Schools?

• Physical Activity
• Elevates cortosol - Stress control
• When stress takes over it blocks learning to the
  Brain stem - the highway to the brain.
• Cortosol helps control the stress
• Exercise and diet are a natural way to elevate
  cortosol.

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Why Schools?

• Physical Education
• Cross midline -
• Increase blood flow to brain
• Hand- eye coordination -
• Increase brain alertness
• Juggling, throwing, skipping is a great way to
  cross the midline.

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Why Schools?

• Physical Education
• Lateral movements -
• Assists in accurately reproducing shapes
• Assists in accurately reproducing numbers
• Assists in accurately reproducing letters
• Team and dual sports are a great way to practice
  lateral movements.

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What is the most important thing that this
committee can do to increase physical activity
among children and adolescents?
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Develop a long term and short term plan.
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Questions to Consider for Indicating Quality
Physical Education Classes

• Is the teacher - student ratio consistent in
  Physical Education with those of other
  classrooms?
• Are facilities adequate to implement the
  physical education curriculum?
• Is physical education taught by a certified
  physical education teacher?

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Questions to Consider

• Are public schools offering daily opportunities
  for structured/unstructured physical activity,
  commonly referred to as recess, for all students
  pre-K through grade five?
• Is recess in addition to physical education
  class time and not be a substitute for physical
  education?

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Questions to Consider

• Do school staff withhold participation in recess
  from students or cancel recess to make up for
  missed instructional time?
• Does school staff use physical activity as
  punishment?
• Do school provide opportunities for some type of
  physical activity for students in grades seven
  through twelve apart from physical education
  class and organized sports?

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Questions to Consider

• Are schools provided with proper equipment and a
  safe area designated for supervised recess,
  physical activity and physical education or ALL
  students?
• Are teachers licensed in PE currently maintaining
  their licenses by taking appropriate renewal
  credits?

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Physical Education Important at the Core

• Long Term Develop a Comprehensive Statewide
  Plan to include
• Facilities
• Resources
• Personnel
• Appropriate standards
• Guidelines and
• Funding
• That could be incrementally and sequentially
  implemented to provide Quality Physical education
  for all NC Students.

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Comprehensive Statewide Plan

• To possibly include
• Revive the General Statute for funding Healthful
  Living Coordinators in each LEA to oversee HAC
  policy and local/state obesity issues.
• Screen BMI for accountability.

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Comprehensive Statewide Plan

• To possibly include
• End of Grade Testing or other evaluation such as
  physical fitness testing be reported to SBE or
  Governors office.
• Incorporate the Healthy Active children policy
  into the Legislative School Improvement plans so
  that health will be a concern in schools.

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Thank you!
Kymm Ballard, MA NC Department of Public
Instruction Physical Education
Consultant Kballard_at_dpi.state.nc.us 919-807-3858
(W)