??? ???????? Digital Gap ????????? ????????

1
??? ????????Digital Gap????????? ????????

• ???? ?????
• ????? ???? ???? ?????
• ?????????? ????
• http//infosoc.haifa.ac.il

2
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• ???????? ????? ??????, ????????, ??????
• ???? ????? ??? ????. ??? ?? ???? (?) ?? ?? ?????
  ???????(?)
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  ????????

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7
?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??
????? ??????, ?????, ?????? ???????
8
On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog "??
????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???" ??????
On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog
9
???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??
???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????
????/???? ???? ????/????? ?????
"??? ????????" ???? ??? ?????, ??????, ????
???, ???????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????
??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????.
10
??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??
???????? The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis
11
??????? ??????? ???? The Knowledge Gap Hypothesis
12
????????? ?? ????????
13
????????? ? (1)
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????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ???????????
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??????. ??????? - ?????, ??????? - ?????????,
???????? - ??????, ?????????? ????????? ?????? -
????????. ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????
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????????, ?????????? ????????? ??????. ??????
??????- ?????, ??????? - ?????????, ??????? -
???????, ??????? - ????????, ?????????? ?????????
?????? - ??????. ?????? ???????? ???????????
????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????
?????????? ?????????? ???????.
15
????????? ? (3)
?????? ?? ??????, ??? ?????. ?? ?? ??????. ??
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16
??????... ?? ???????

• "?????? ????????", HomeNet
• ????? Nie ????????
• ????? ???? ?????? (Social Capital)
• Bowling Alone

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??? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?/?? ????????
17
??????? ?????

• Where is the life we have lost in
  living?Where is the wisdom we have lost in
  knowledge?Where is the knowledge we have lost in
  information?-- T. S. Eliot, Choruses from 'The
  Rock,' I
•  

18
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19
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20
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21
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?????? ?????? ?????
22
??? ?????... The Digital Divide
Causes
Consequences
macro

• Societal Impact
• Civic participation
• Social Cohesion
• Social Inclusion
• Place in the world system

• Macro-level social structural context
• Level of socioeconomic development
• Governmental policy
• NGO/ International development initiatives
• Technological infrastructure
• Culture
• Democracy

Access

• Meso-level
• Social network/Social capital

meso

• Meso-level
• Geographic location
• Community resources
• Social network
• Organization
• Neighborhood

Use

• Individuals
• SES
• Gender
• Ethnicity
• Life-stage
• Language
• Media use

• Individual
• Human Capital
• Social capital
• Cultural capital
• Getting a job/ labor market performance
• Health
• Time use
• Entrepreneurial activities
• Civic engagement

micro
Level of analysis
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??? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????Trends of
the Digital Divide by Country
Country Socioeconomic Status Gender Age Geographic Location
U.S. ? ? ? ?
U.K. ? ? ? ?
Germany ? ? ? ?
Japan ? ? ? ?
Korea ? ? ? ?
China ? ? ? ?
Italy ? ? ? ?
?? ?? Wellman
24
Numbers Percentages of Population Online
Country Pop. Online in 2002 (million) of pop. online in2002 of female users 2002
U.S. 166 59 51
U.K. 34 57 43
Korea 26 54 45
Japan 56 44 41
Germany 32 39 37
Italy 19 33 37
China 58 4.8 39
Mexico - - 42
25
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????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????
?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??
????????
26
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???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????
?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??
????????
27
?????
?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??
????????
?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
?????????? ????? ??????? (?? ??? ??????,
?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??, ??????? ???
????? ????? ????? ??? ???).
28
?????
??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? (???????
?????? ?????????)
?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??
????????
29
?????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????
?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????
?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??
????????
30
?????
????? ??? ?? ???????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??
??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????.
?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??
????????
31
?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??
????????
???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????
???? http//sheizaf.rafaeli.net
http//infosoc.haifa.ac.il http//shil.info
32

• FALLING THROUGH THE NET DEFINING THE DIGITAL
  DIVIDE A Report on the Telecommunications and
  Information Technology Gap in America
• The report for 2003 is at
• http//www.minervaeurope.org/publications/globalr
  eport/globalrepdf03/israel.pdfand the reports
  for the other countries are at
• http//www.minervaeurope.org/publications/globalre
  port/globalrep2003.htm

33

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