REVIEW OF MORAL THEORY

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REVIEW OF MORAL THEORY

• Moral Rules/Ideals and Principles of Professional
  Ethics

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• Morality arises when people are brought to accept
  that rules are necessary for social living.

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THE SOCIAL CONTRACT

• Set of rules, determining how people are to treat
  one another, that rational people will agree to
  accept, for their mutual benefit, on the
  condition that others will follow the rules as
  well.

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THE MORAL RULES

• 1. Dont Kill
• 2. Dont Cause Pain
• 3. Dont Disable
• 4. Dont Deprive of Freedom
• 5. Dont Deprive of Pleasure
• 6. Dont Deceive
• 7. Keep Your Promise
• 8. Dont Cheat
• 9. Obey the Law
• 10. Do Your Duty

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MORAL RULES SUMMARIZEDDONT CAUSE EVIL
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MORAL RULES

• UNIVERSAL
• versus
• ABSOLUTE

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THE MORAL ATTITUDE

• Everyone is always to obey the rule unless
  impartial, rational people can advocate that the
  behavior be generally permitted for all under
  similar situations.

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MORAL IDEALS

• 1. Prevent Killing
• 2. Prevent the Cause of Pain
• 3. Prevent Disabling
• 4. Prevent the Deprivation of
• Freedom
• 5. Prevent the Deprivation of
• Pleasure
• 6. Prevent Deceit
• 7. Prevent the Breaking of
• Promises
• 8. Prevent Cheating
• 9. Prevent the Breaking of the
• Law
• 10. Prevent the Neglect of Duty

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MORAL IDEALS

• Prevent Evil

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PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN DENTISTRY BASED ON THE
MORAL RULE

• Do Your Duty

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THE DUTIES OF DENTISTS ?

• 1. What counts in dentistry as causing harm, that
  is, violating a moral rule?
• 2. What counts in dentistry as avoiding the
  causing of harm, the violating of a moral rule?
• 3. What counts in dentistry as preventing harm,
  that is, keeping the moral ideals?

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THE TROIKA OF PRINCIPLES OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

• Beneficence
• Respect for Autonomy
• Justice

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BENEFICENCE
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HIPPOCRATIC OATH

• I will use treatment to help the sick according
  to my ability and judgment, but I will never use
  it to injure or wrong them.

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SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC AND QUALITY OF CARE

• The dentists primary professional obligation
  shall be service to the public. The competent
  and timely delivery of quality care within the
  bounds of the clinical circumstances presented by
  the patient, with due consideration being given
  to the needs and desires of the patient, shall be
  the most important aspect of that obligation.
• Principle 1
• ADA Code of Ethics

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CONTINUUM OF BENEFICENCE

• Promote Good
• Prevent Evil or Harm
• Remove Evil or Harm
• Do Not Cause Evil or Harm
• (Non-maleficence)

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RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY
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TWO FACETS OF JUSTICE

• 1. Each person is to have an equal right to the
  most extensive liberty compatible with a similar
  liberty for others - giving to each his/her right
  or due.
• --Justice as Fairness --
• 2. Social and economic inequities are to be
  arranged so that they are both
• Reasonably expected to be everyones advantage,
  and
• Attached to positions and offices open to all.
• --Social Justice --

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FAIRNESS IN CARE

• Giving to each his/her
• right or due

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TREATING PATIENTS FAIRLY

• Issues of Quality Care

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SOCIAL JUSTICE

• Refers to the Justified
• Distribution of Benefits
• and Burdens of Society