Carl Berger

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The Participant Perception IndicatorA
Compentency Based Elementary Teacher Preparation
Program Model

• Carl Berger
• University of Michigan
• carl.berger_at_umich.edu

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Whats a PPI?

• The Participant Perception Indicator (PPI) is a
  tool to help evaluate and/or assess growth in
  competence of elementary school teachers.
• The PPI contains a questionnaire of several pages
  that measures perceptions of knowledge,
  experience and confidence of themes determined
  important for teaching elementary school.

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The Participant Perception Indicator...

• Can measure multiple times before, during and
  after teacher preparation
• Looks at themes as well as individual
  competencies
• Measures cognitive, behavioral and affective
• May be analyzed by repeated measures test and
  profile analysis

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What is it

• A booklet of statements for response.
• A series of Likert scales
• Parallel statements of perception of knowledge,
  experience and confidence based on themes with
  statements reflecting themes.

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Background

• Developed in 1974 to examine pre-service and
  in-service teachers competence in teaching
• Used in the Michigan Dept of Education study of
  the effectiveness of competency based teacher
  education.

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Instruction page forInstructional Competency
Self Perception
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Instruction page forsupervisors to compare
observed competency and opportunity to observe
competency
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Procedure

• Students took PPI each semester in Jr and Sr year
  and once following during teaching. We used the
  results to observe changes over time.

• Supervisors used measure to compare observed use
  of competence with opportunity to observe so we
  could compare student self perceptions with
  external observations.

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Analysis

• Values of knowledge, confidence and experience of
  each theme were averaged to produce an overall
  theme
• Profiles were developed to show changes over time.

• Comparisons of observed and opportunity to
  observe were averaged to produce overall themes
• T-tests were used to find if students used
  competency if the opportunity was available.

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• Theme was Using assessment for diagnosis
• Used profile analysis, (just became available for
  main frame computing)
• Conclusions were developed for each theme and
  reports on the conclusion were used to modify the
  State of Michigan Competency Based Teacher
  Education program.

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Sample profile
High perception
Low perception
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Conclusions

• Significant growth of perception occurred till
  actual teaching!
• Perception of experience highest in student
  teaching and much lower upon inservice
• Comparison of observed and perception of
  competence was conservative, students perceived
  less competence than was observed by supervisor.

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Use of the PPI

• The PPI was able to discriminate among the
  measures.
• It could be used a conservative measure of actual
  competence.
• Allowed for formative and summative evaluation.

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References to other uses of the PPI
All references are hyperlinked to full reports

• Berger, C., Kerner, N., Lee, J. (1999)
  Understanding Student Perceptions of
  Collaboration, Laboratory and Inquiry Use in
  Introductory Chemistry, Paper presented at the
  meeting of the National Association for Research
  in Science Teaching, Long Beach, CA.
• Berger, C., Barritt, M. (1997) Evaluation of
  the Location Independent Learning and Teaching
  CourseEconomics of Networks, Process Survey,
  University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
• Berger, C. and E. Carlson (1988). "Measuring
  computer literacy of teacher trainers." Journal
  of Educational Computing Research 4(9) 289-303.

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So thats it

• For more information
• The latest on PPI and files
• and updated monthly ideas for evaluation and
  assessment
• Go to
• http//carat.umich.edu
• and click on assessment and evaluation