SA 145 Workplace Safety Today and Tomorrow

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SA 145 Workplace Safety Today and Tomorrow

• Unit 3 Identifying Hazards

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Introduction

• Recognition of Hazards
• Systems Approach to recognizing hazards
• Systems Safety Engineering
• Defined a logical systematic approach utilizing
  scientific and engineering principles to identify
  hazards via a cause and effect pattern of events
  and actions, which ultimately cause a loss
  incident.

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Inspections

• Purpose for Inspections
• Two primary purposes
• Identify hazards and ensure correction
  (Supervisor)
• Audit the effectiveness of the safety program
  and hold supervisors accountable (Safety Manager)

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Inspections

• Format for Inspections
• policy and procedure for completing inspections
• inspection form
• training for supervisors

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Accident Investigations (AI)

• Why investigate accidents?
• Develop a written procedure for AI
• Purpose and scope of AI
• Accident notification
• Employee training in AI
• Forms to be completed and time frames
• Review and follow-up of AI

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Accident Investigations

• Procedures for gathering evidence and facts
  surrounding the accident
• Injured and witness interviews
• Take pictures, sketches, etc.
• Examine accident records
• Test circumstantial evidence
• Site security and the media

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Accident Investigations

• Accident Report Information
• Employee Data (Who)
• Accident Description (What Happened, When
  and Where)
• Costs associated with an accident
  Medical/indemnity (direct or insurable costs) and
  Indirect or uninsured costs
• Identification of Causes Unsafe acts and
  conditions symptoms and problems in the
  management system underlying causes

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Accident Investigations

• Accident Report Information
• Determine Corrective Action
• Major objective is to remove causes!
• Emphasis on engineering controls
• Consider administrative controls
• Review and follow-up of corrective action

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Accident Investigations

• Accident Description
• While walking through the machining department,
  you observe the overhead crane moving across the
  bay. Suddenly, the crane strikes another crane
  and the load swings out of the rigging and
  strikes an idle piece of machinery below, nearly
  missing an employee standing below.
• Accident Causes - Recommendations?

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Pre-operations Planning

• Emphasis on identifying hazards and bottle necks
  prior to construction
• Goal is to ensure that safety is incorporated
  into equipment, facility, and new process design

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Pre-operations Planning

• Review Building Codes
• Codes are ordinances that set forth minimum
  requirements for building construction and design
• Examples of building codes

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Pre-operations Planning

• Layout Considerations
• Material flow
• Questions to consider
• Roadways
• Reference U.S. DOT Manual on Uniform
  Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways

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Pre-operations Planning

• Layout Considerations
• Aisles
• Aisles for one-way forklift traffic be at least
  3 ft. wider than the widest forklift.
• For two way traffic, at least 3 ft. wider than
  twice the width of the widest vehicle

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Pre-operations Planning

• Layout Considerations
• Equipment
• Materials
• Power transmission exposures
• Maintenance
• Environmental concerns
• Fire concerns
• Pressurized equipment

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Pre-operations Planning

• Equipment (continued)
• Drainage for wet processes
• Life safety concerns
• Electrical requirements
• Ergonomic considerations

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Pre-operations Planning

• Life Safety and Fire Prevention
• Workplace fires and explosions kill 200 and
  injure more than 5,000 workers each year.
• In 1995, more than 75,000 workplace fires cost
  businesses more than 2.3 billion.

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Pre-operations Planning

• Life Safety and Fire Prevention
• NFPA 101 Life Safety Code
• Each work location should have a sufficient
  number of unobstructed, easily visible, properly
  designed paths of travel with a capacity adequate
  to safely evacuate the maximum number of persons
  expected to be in the area.

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Pre-operations Planning

• Life Safety and Fire Prevention
• Egress capacity
• Occupancy
• Egress surface

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Pre-operations Planning

• Life Safety and Fire Prevention
• Fire Prevention
• Control of combustibles
• flammable liquids, ordinary combustibles
• Control of ignition hazards
• electrical hazards
• Extinguishment and detection
• Fire extinguishers and sprinkler systems
• Fire brigades

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Fire Definitions

• "Class A fire" means a fire involving ordinary
  combustible materials such as paper, wood, cloth,
  and some rubber and plastic materials

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Fire Definitions

• "Class B fire" means a fire involving flammable
  or combustible liquids, flammable gases, greases
  and similar materials, and some rubber and
  plastic materials

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Fire Definitions

• "Class C fire" means a fire involving energized
  electrical equipment where safety to the employee
  requires the use of electrically nonconductive
  extinguishing media

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Fire Definitions

• "Class D fire" means a fire involving combustible
  metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium,
  sodium, lithium and potassium

"Dry powder" means an compound used to extinguish
or control Class D fires
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Portable Fire Extinguishers

• Key Issues
• Placement
• Use
• Maintenance
• Testing

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Pre-operations Planning Illumination

• Basic types of lighting
• General lighting
• Localized general lighting
• Supplementary lighting
• Emergency lighting

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Pre-operations Planning Illumination

• Quantity of illumination
• Quantity depends primarily on the work being done
• Reference on quantity ANSI RP-7 Practice for
  Industrial Lighting

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Pre-operations Planning HVAC

• Importance of HVAC
• Temperature comfort zone
• General recommendation for temperature is
  between 66 and 79 F

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Pre-operations Planning HVAC

• Indoor air quality
• Importance
• Cause of poor indoor air quality

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Pre-operations Planning HVAC

• Complaints due to poor indoor air quality
• Evaluation of indoor air quality

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Pre-operations Planning Sanitation

• Areas which must remain sanitary
• General sanitation rules
• Drinking water
• Water Quality Standards Primary and Secondary
  Standards

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Pre-operations Planning Sanitation

• Sewage and Garbage Disposal
• Types of Sewage
• - Sanitary sewage
• - Process Waste

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Pre-operations Planning Sanitation

• Rest rooms/Locker rooms
• Lavatories with hot and cold water
• One shower per 50 employees with max. water temp.
  inside shower of 140 degrees
• of toilets based on of employees, Reference
  for washrooms and locker rooms ANSI Z4.1

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Pre-operations Planning Color coding to Identify
Hazards

• Not intended to be a substitute for other control
  measures
• Red
• Yellow
• Orange
• Green
• Black and White

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Safety Hazards in Industry

• OSHA Most Frequently Cited Serious Safety
  Violations in General Industry FY 2005
• Scaffolding 8891 citations
• Hazard Communication 7267
• Fall Protection 6122
• Respiratory Protection 4278

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Safety Hazards in Industry

• OSHA Most Frequently Cited Serious Safety
  Violations in General Industry FY 2005
• Lockout/Tagout 4051 citations
• Powered Industrial Trucks 3115
• Electrical Wiring 3077
• Machine Guarding 2956
• Electrical General Requirements 2348
• Ladders 2276

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Scaffolding

• Failure to provide fall protection
• Failure to provide proper access
• Failure to ensure adequate platform construction
• Lack of personal fall arrest or guardrail systems
• Failure to properly support scaffolding

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Hazard Communication

• Failure to develop and maintain a written program
• Failure to maintain training
• Failure to have a MSDS for each hazardous
  chemical
• Lack of employee training
• Failure to label

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Fall Protection

• Failure to use a guardrail, safety not or
  personal fall arrest system
• Failure to provide protection/residential
  construction
• Failure to provide protection/low-slope roof
• Failure to provide protection/steep roof
• Failure to provide protection/falling through
  holes

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Respiratory Protection

• Failure to establish a program
• Failure to provide medical evaluation
• Failure to provide respirators
• Failure to conduct fit-testing
• Failure to identify respiratory hazards

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Lockout/Tagout

• Failure to establish written program
• Failure to utilize procedures
• Failure to provide training
• Failure to conduct inspection of procedures