Proposal Submission for IEEE 802.15.3-COP

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Project IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless
Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title
CRL Consortiums Soft-Spectrum proposal for
IEEE 802.15.3a Date Submitted 5 May,
2003 Source Ryuji Kohno, Honggang Zhang,
Hiroyo Ogawa Company (1) Yokohama National
University, (2) Communications Research
Laboratory, (3) Communications Research
Laboratory Connectors Address 3-4,
Hikarino-oka, Yokosuka, 239-0847,
Japan Voice81-468-47-5101, FAX
81-468-47-5431, E-Mail kohno_at_crl.go.jp,
honggang_at_crl.go.jp, hogawa_at_crl.go.jp Re IEEE
P802.15 Alternative PHY Call For Proposals, IEEE
P802.15-02/327r7 Abstract Soft-Spectrum UWB
transferring schemes with free-verse and
geometric pulse waveform adaptation and shaping
are proposed, which are suitable for
co-existence, interference avoidance, matching
with regulatory spectral mask, and high data
rate. Our proposed Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)
is able to be introduced in either single-band or
mutiband implementations. Local sine template
receiving scheme is also investigated for
Soft-Spectrum UWB impulse radio. Purpose For
investigating the characteristics of High Rate
Alternative PHY standard in 802.15TG3a, based on
Soft-Spectrum adaptation, pulse waveform shaping
and local sine template receiving Notice This
document has been prepared to assist the IEEE
P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion
and is not binding on the contributing
individual(s) or organization(s). The material in
this document is subject to change in form and
content after further study. The contributor(s)
reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw
material contained herein. Release The
contributor acknowledges and accepts that this
contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may
be made publicly available by P802.15.
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CRL Consortiums Soft-Spectrum Proposal for IEEE
802.15.3a
Ryuji KOHNO Honggang ZHANG , Hiroyo OGAWA
Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) and
CRL-UWB Consortium
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Members of CRL Consortium
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Members of CRL Consortium (cont)
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Outline of Presentation

• Why Soft-Spectrum UWB for IEEE 802.15.3a WPANs
• Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY system architecture
• Link budget and supported data rates
• Multiple access techniques and performance
• Coexistence and narrowband interference
  mitigation
• Multipath mitigation techniques and performance
• Implementation feasibility
• Summary
• Backup materials

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Why Soft-Spectrum UWB for IEEE 802.15.3a WPANs?

• Philosophy of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)
  with flexible pulse waveform and frequency band
  design
• ? free-verse pulse waveform shaping
• ? geometrical pulse waveform shaping
• Interference avoidance and co-existence for
  harmonized, global implementation
• ? SSA can flexibly adjust UWB signal spectrum
  so as to match with spectral restriction in
  transmission power, i.e. spectrum masks in both
  cases of single and multiple bands.
• Scalable, adaptive performance improvement
• Smooth system version-up similar to Software
  Defined Radio

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Basic philosophy ? Soft-Spectrum Adaptation

• Pulse design corresponding to required bandwidths
• Flexible and adaptive spectrum , even if regional
  spectral mask is changed

Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
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Pulse width of 10 ns
Frequency characteristics Pulse width
Tread-off
Pulse width of 3 ns
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Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY System Architecture
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Example of Soft-Spectrum UWB Transmitter Block
Diagram
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Example of Soft-Spectrum UWB Receiver Block
Diagram
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Various Pulse Waveforms Generated by
Soft-Spectrum Processing Bank
(I) Free-Verse Soft-Spectrum Pulses (II)
Geometrical Soft-Spectrum Pulses
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K-1 Free-Verse Soft-Spectrum Pulse
K-2 Free-Verse Soft-Spectrum Pulse
(Dual-cycle) (Note several band notches happen)
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K-3 Free-Verse Soft-Spectrum Pulse (Note band
notches clearly happen at 2.4 and 5 GHz as well)
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K-4 Free-Verse Soft-Spectrum Pulse (Note pulse
waveform has more freedom)
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Triangular-type envelope
Exponential-type envelope
Cosine-type envelope
Gaussian-type envelope
Geometric Soft-Spectrum pulse waveforms with
various envelopes
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Adaptive, controllable spread-and-shrink of
frequency bandwidths is feasible, according to
the actual interference environment and the
spectrum requirements ? Soft-Spectrum adaptation
philosophy as mentioned before
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Example of interference avoidance and
co-existence using flexible geometric
Soft-Spectrum pulse transmission
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Modulation, Supported Data Rate and Link Budget
Soft-Spectrum Keying
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Soft-Spectrum Keying Modulation and Coding Scheme

• Modulation schemes (Inner-keying) QPSK and BPSK
• Modulation schemes (Outer-keying) M-ary Pulse
  Shape and Sequence Modulation (PSSM)
• Coding Schemes Viterbi K7, Rate ½, ¾
• Pulse Guard-Intervals defined to allow
• Improved multiple access
• Improved ISI mitigation
• Improved receiving energy capture

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t
Soft-Spectrum Keying
? Transmit 2 bits by using BPSK/QPSK modulation
in each Soft-Spectrum pulse (Inner-keying) ?
Transmit other more bits by defining different
Soft-Spectrum pulse shapes and sequences
(Outer-keying)
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Supported data rate of Soft-Spectrum adaptation
scheme (only Inner-keying, 5 modes)
Mode Modulation (Inner-keying) Coding Rate Pulse Rate Mpulse/sec Soft-Spectrum PRI ns Data Rate5 modes example Mbs
1 QPSK 1 250 20 500
2 QPSK ¾ 250 20 375
3 QPSK ½ 250 20 250
4 QPSK ¾ 125 40 187.5
5 QPSK ½ 125 40 125
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Supported data rate of Soft-Spectrum adaptation
scheme (Inner-keying and Outer-keying)
Un-coded Data Rate Mbps Coded data rate (R3/4) Coded data rate (R1/2) No. of Outer-keying bits No. of Inner-keying bits Symbol rate
107.3 80.5 53.6 6.5 10 6.5
110.5 82.8 55.3 4.5 4 13
214.5 160.8 107.3 6.5 10 13
224.3 168.2 112.1 6.5 5 19.5
448.5 336.4 224.3 15 8 19.5
604.5 453.4 302.3 15 16 19.5
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Comparisons of Hard-Spectrum (Mono-Band) and
Soft-Spectrum (Soft-Band) impulse radio
transmissions
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Link Budget of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation Scheme

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(I) Multiple Access Techniques and
Performance (II) Coexistence and Narrowband
Interference Mitigation
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Comparisons of Multiple Access Performance
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(1) BER of DS-SS system while Dual-cycle UWB
system co-exists
(2) BER of Dual-cycle UWB system while DS-SS
system co-exists
Multi-user performance comparisons of the
coexistence of the DS-SS and Soft-Spectrum
systems (K-2 Free-Verse pulse)
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(1) BER of DS-SS system while K-4 Soft-Spectrum
system causing interference
(2) BER of K-4 Soft-Spectrum system while DS-SS
system causing interference
Multi-user performance comparisons of the
coexistence of the DS-SS and Soft-Spectrum
systems (K-4 Free-Verse pulse)
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Coexistence with Existing Narrowband System

• IEEE 802.11a is the strongest narrowband
  interferer
• Soft-Spectrum coexistence way
• Do not use interfered bands for coexistence with
  IEEE 802.11a WLAN devices
• ? Channel allocation can be freely, dynamically
  assigned depending on channel monitoring results
  and regional regulations

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Coexistence Strategies

• ? Soft-Spectrum coexistence
• Pre-configure device (through software control)
  not to use a particular band, based on various
  geographic region and device usage
• Allow device to detect presence of NBI and avoid
• Device interoperability functions could specify
  detection requirements to ensure adequate control
• ? UWB power emitted into 802.11a bands and 4.9
  GHz WLAN band in Japan
• Avoiding 5.25 GHz (5.8 GHz) band for lower
  (upper) UNII band coexistence
• Avoiding 4.7 GHz band (4.975 GHz using frequency
  offset channels)

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Soft-Spectrum Adaptation Scheme in AWGN and
Multipath Fading Environment
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Soft-Spectrum Immunity in Multipath Fading
Environment

• Decrease inter-pulse interference (ISI) by
  employing adaptive Guard-Interval
• Decrease multipath fading effects by choosing
  suitable Soft-Spectrum waveforms
• Use baseband Pre- and Post-Rake receiver based
  on designing suitable intra-pulse waveform
• Continuous channel measurements are good for
  changing multipath environment

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Indoor multipath fading Example of indoor UWB
impulse radio signal propagation (IEEE 802.15SG3a
S-V model CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4)
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Soft-Spectrum UWB transmitted signal
1
0.5
Amplitude
0
-0.5
-1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Time
Soft-Spectrum UWB transmitted signalAWGN
2
1.5
1
0.5
Amplitude
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Time
Various geometrical Soft-Spectrum pulse sequences
in AWGN channel
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Geometric Soft-Spectrum pulses Group Delay
Geometric Soft-Spectrum inter-pulse interference
caused by multipath fading
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Inter-pulse interference effects of multipath
fading on various geometric Soft-Spectrum pulse
waveforms
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Geometrical Soft-Spectrum pulse sequences in
multipath fading channel (Cosine-type pulse
waveform)
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Timing off-set 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5
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BER vs. Eb/No performance in the presence of
receiver timing off-set (AWGN channel)
BER vs. Eb/No performance in the presence of
receiver timing off-set (multipath fading channel)
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Multipath diversity for geometric Soft-Spectrum
intra/inter pulse combining
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Implementation Feasibility

• ? Soft-Spectrum adaptation scheme has many
  features designed to achieve low-complexity and
  low power consumption
• Dynamic, non-overlapped timing
• Shared Soft-Spectrum processing bank (pulse
  generator, ADC, and Soft-Spectrum correlator)
• Reduced power consumption via adaptive duty cycle
  of Soft-Spectrum sub-band
• Dont necessarily require many continuously
  running PLLs
• Reused circuits exchangeable by software
  realizing smaller die area
• ? Many components in common with other UWB
  architectures
• LNA, BPF/LPF, AGC, VGA, and digital processing
  unit
• ? Many possible transceiver implementations and
  following version-ups based on Software Defined
  Radio architecture

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Self-Evaluation ? General Solution Criteria
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Self-Evaluation ? PHY Protocol Criteria
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Self-Evaluation ? MAC Protocol Enhancement
Criteria
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Summary (I)

• We propose a Ultra Wideband impulse radio
  transferring scheme utilizing Soft-Spectrum
  Adaptation and free, dynamic pulse waveform
  shaping.
• Soft-Spectrum Adaptation and free, dynamic pulse
  waveform shaping can satisfy the FCC Spectrum
  Mask and other regional regulation, and be
  applied to avoid possible interferences with
  other existing narrowband wireless systems.

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Summary (II)

• Scalable and adaptive performance improvement can
  be achieved by utilizing the pulse waveform
  shaping even in multi-user and multipath fading
  environment.
• Since RD of UWB has still been in progress, a
  standardization should not restrict the progress
  by only choosing easiest current technology while
  leaving more flexibilities in signaling,
  modulation, etc. in UWB physical layer.

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Back Materials
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Local Sine Template Receiving Scheme

• We also propose a local sine template receiving
  scheme.
• Simplified correlation scheme and immunity to
  multipath fading can be achieved.
• Initial-phase control is needed.

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Characteristics of proposed Local Sine Template
receiving

• Utilizing local-generated sine template instead
  of conventional TH-PPM template-pulse
• Simplified correlator circuits ? Low cost, low
  power consumption
• Robustness to impulse radio multipath fading
• Necessary to estimate and control local
  Initial-phase

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Pulse sequences generation and modulation on
transmitting side
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Pulse sequences after Band Pass Filtering (BPF)
on transmitting side
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Received pulse sequences before adding AWGN on
receiving side
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Received pulse sequences after adding AWGN on
receiving side
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Received pulse sequences after BPF and Mixer on
receiving side (Correlation with local sine
template)
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Received pulse sequences after Low Pass Filtering
(LPF) on receiving side (demodulation and data
out)
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Effects of Initial-phase estimation scheme (i.e.
Initial-phase180deg)
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Effects of Initial-phase estimation scheme (i.e.
Initial-phase150deg)
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Effects of Initial-phase estimation scheme (i.e.
Initial-phase120deg)
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Effects of Initial-phase estimation scheme (i.e.
Initial-phase90deg)
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Effects of Initial-phase estimation scheme (i.e.
Initial-phase45deg)
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Effects of Initial-phase estimation scheme (i.e.
Initial-phase0deg)
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QoS (Quality-of-Service) Enhancement to IEEE
802.15.3 MAC Layer
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Several neighbor piconets in UWB multiuser
environment
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Multi-hop UWB WPAN with resource management,
relaying and route discovering
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UWB multi-hop communications with Ad-hoc
real-time relaying for multimedia data
transfer (Multipath combining scheme is used by
the real-time UWB Repeater)
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Performance improvement by using Multipath
combining scheme at the real-time UWB Repeater