Proposal Update for IEEE 802.15.3-COP

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Project IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless
Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title
CRL-UWB Consortiums Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY
Proposal Update for IEEE 802.15.3a Date
Submitted 18 July, 2003 Source Ryuji Kohno,
Honggang Zhang, Hiroyo Ogawa Company (1)
Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), (2)
CRL-UWB Consortium Connectors Address 3-4,
Hikarino-oka, Yokosuka, 239-0847,
Japan Voice81-468-47-5101, FAX
81-468-47-5431, E-Mailkohno_at_crl.go.jp,
honggang_at_crl.go.jp, hogawa_at_crl.go.jp Re IEEE
P802.15 Alternative PHY Call For Proposals, IEEE
P802.15-02/327r7 Abstract Various
modifications of our proposed Soft-Spectrum
Adaptation(SSA) are introduced after brief review
of SSA. We perform various SSA UWB proposals as
cases with proper kernel functions and pulse
shaping, so SSA is able to be introduced to
implement either single-band or multiband
systems. Moreover, various harmonization based on
SSA are investigated considering co-existence,
interference avoidance, matching with regulatory
spectral mask, and high data rate. Purpose For
investigating the characteristics of High Rate
Alternative PHY standard in 802.15TG3a, based on
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation, pulse waveform shaping
and Soft-Spectrum template receiving. Notice
This document has been prepared to assist the
IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for
discussion and is not binding on the contributing
individual(s) or organization(s). The material in
this document is subject to change in form and
content after further study. The contributor(s)
reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw
material contained herein. Release The
contributor acknowledges and accepts that this
contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may
be made publicly available by P802.15.
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Proposal Update CRL-UWB Consortiums
Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY Proposal for IEEE 802.15.3a
Ryuji KOHNO Director, UWB Technology Institute,
CRL Professor, Yokohama National
University Chair, CRL-UWB Consortium Honggang
ZHANG, and Hiroyo OGAWA Communications Research
Laboratory(CRL) CRL-UWB Consortium
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Major Contributors For This Proposal Update
Ryuji KOHNO Shinsuke HARA Shigenobu SASAKI
Tetsushi IKEGAMI Makoto
ITAMI Kenichi TAKIZAWA Tetsuya YASUI Honggang
ZHANG Kamya Y. YAZDANDOOST Yuko RIKUTA Hiroji
AKAHORI Yosihito KITAYAMA Yoshiaki
KURAISHI Toshiaki SAKANE Yoichi ISO
Masatoshi TAKADA
Yokohama National University Osaka
University Niigata University Meiji
University Science University of
Tokyo Communications Research Laboratory Communic
ations Research Laboratory Communications
Research Laboratory Communications Research
Laboratory Communications Research
Laboratory Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd CASIO
Computer Co., Ltd. NEC Engineering, Ltd. Fujitsu
Limited Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Hitachi
Kokusai Electric Inc.
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CRL-UWB Consortium
? Organization ? UWB Technology
Institute of CRL and associating
Manufacturers and Academia. ? Aim ? RD
and regulation of UWB wireless systems.
Channel measurement and modeling with
experimental analysis of UWB
system test-bed in band (960MHz, 3.1-
10.6GHz, 22-29GHz, and over 60GHz). RD
of low cost module with higher data rate over
100Mbps. Contribution in
standardization with ARIB, MMAC, and
MPHPT in Japan.
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Outline of Presentation

• Summary of pervious Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
  (SSA) proposals of CRL-UWB Consortium
• What are the recent improvements in the CRL-UWB
  Consortiums proposal ?
• 2.1 Channel coding/decoding for SSA
• 2.2 Soft-Spectrum Keying in SSA
• 2.3 SSA system performance
• 2.4 Pre-equalization scheme in SSA
• 2.5 Multiple access scheme with RS
  Time-Frequency hopping sequence
• 2.6 Coexistence and narrowband interference
  mitigation
• 2.7 Link budget estimation
• 2.8 Receiver synchronization scheme
• 2.9 Frame architecture for IEEE802.15.3 MAC
  layer
• 2.10 Transceiver architecture based on SSA
• 2.11 Power consumption
• 2.12 Antenna practicality
• Global Harmonization with other UWB PHY
  proposals
• Self-Evaluation
• Concluding remarks and Backup materials

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• Summary of
• Previous CRL-UWB Consortiums Proposal
• on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA) UWB
• for IEEE802.15.3a WPANs

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What is Soft-Spectrum Adaptation UWB ? Basic
Philosophy ? Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)

• Design a proper pulse waveform with high
  frequency efficiency corresponding to any
  frequency mask.
• Adjust transmitted signals spectra in flexible
  so as to minimize interference with coexisting
  systems.

Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA)
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Basic Formulation
Example of Pulse Generator

Synthesize a proper pulse waveform
In case of multiband, a kernel function is a
sinusoidal function. In case of impulse radio, a
kernel function is a Gaussian, Hermitian pulse
function etc.
Feasible Solution Pulse design satisfying
Spectrum Mask

• Divide (spread-and-shrink ) the whole bandwidth
  into several sub-bands ? Soft Spectrum (spectrum
  matching)
• Pulse synthesized by several pulses that have
  different spectra ?
• Soft Spectrum, M-ary signaling

N division
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Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) with Flexible Band
Plan
Single-band
Multi-band
Dual- or Triple-band
In the future, if the restricting ruggedness of
regional spectral mask (e.g. FCC mask) is eased,
band allocation can be extended below 3.1 GHz or
above 10.6 GHz.
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) can correspond
freely
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Soft-Spectrum Adaptation(SSA) Classification

• Free-Verse Type of SSA
• ? A kernel function is non-sinusoidal, e.g.
• Gaussian, Hermitian pulse etc.
• ? Single band, Impulse radio
• (2) Geometrical Type of SSA
• ? A kernel function is sinusoidal with
  different
• frequency.
• ? Multiband with carriers and Multi-carrier

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• Free-verse Type Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
• ? Freely design pulse waveforms by
  synthesizing pulses, e.g. overlapping and
  shifting

2.4GHz
5.2GHz
time
frequency
K-3 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
pulse (Note band notches clearly happen at 2.4
and 5.2 GHz as well)
frequency
time
K-4 Free-verse Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
pulse (Note pulse waveform has more freedom)
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(2) Geometrical Type Soft-Spectrum Adaptation ?
Freely design pulse waveforms using various
geometrical type envelopes
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Global Coexistence with other Potential
Interferences

• Multiband/OFDM
• Only (b) is available
• SSA
• Both (a) and (b) are available

(b) Simply eliminate the band if other services
exist.
(a) Use of frequency band having low emission
limit, but the same pulse energy is available by
using wider bandwidth.

• If more potential interferer should be
  considered, (b) does not work because it simply
  reduce the signal energy.
• Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) approach provides
  more option to overcome future potential
  coexistence issue.

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Features of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)

• Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) with flexible
  pulse waveform and frequency band can perform
  single and multiband UWB by
• ? Free-verse type pulse waveform shaping and
• ? Geometrical type pulse waveform shaping,
  respectively.
• Interference avoidance for co-existence,
  harmonization for various proposals, and global
  implementation can be carried out by SSA.
• ? SSA can flexibly adjust UWB signal spectrum
  so as to match with spectral restriction in
  transmission power, i.e. spectrum masks in both
  cases of single and multiple bands.
• Scalable, adaptive performance improvement
• Smooth system version-up similar to Software
  Defined Radio (SDR).

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Harmonization Based on Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
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2. Recent Updates in CRL-UWB Consortiums
Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA) Proposal
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2.1. Channel Coding and Decoding for
SSA Combined Iterative Demapping/Decoding (CIDD)
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2.2. Soft Spectrum Keying Pulse Shape Modulation
(PSM)
a) Free-verse type
Modified Hermitian Pulse (MHP)
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Free-verse Type SSA Pulse Modified Hermitian
Pulse
Tx output
Rx input
Derivative

• MHP waveforms with different orders are mutually
  orthogonal.
• MHP waveforms may be changed by antenna and
  channel characteristics, but still holds
  orthogonality at the receiver through
  Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure for
  transmitted and template waveforms.

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Soft Spectrum Keying Pulse Shape Modulation
(Cont.)
b) Geometrical type

• Transmit 2 bits by using BPSK/QPSK modulation in
  each Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse
  (Inner-keying)
• Transmit other more bits by defining different
  Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse shapes and
  sequences (Outer-keying)

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Supported Bit Rates with Soft-Spectrum Keying
Target date rate Throughput Outer Keying Inner Keying PRI3 Channel Bit rate Coding Rate4
55 Mbps1 62.5 Mbps - BPSK 16 ns 125 Mbps 1/2
110 Mbps 125 Mbps 8-ary PSM BPSK 16 ns 250 Mbps 1/2
200 Mbps 250 Mbps 8-ary PSM BPSK 8 ns 500 Mbps 1/2
480 Mbps 500 Mbps 8-ary PSM QPSK 8 ns 625 Mbps 4/5
480 Mbps 500 Mbps 16-ary PSM BPSK 8 ns 625 Mbps 4/5
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2.3. SSA System Performance

• interleaver random interleaver
• interleaver size 512bits
• decoding algorithm max-log MAP
• of iterations 4
• Including the losses due to
• Channel estimation
• Multipath degradation

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2.4. Pre-equalization for Pulse Shape Calibration
filter
antenna
channel
antenna
filter
Y
X
Ft
At
C
Ar
Fr
Pulse shape in both time and frequency domain is
strongly affected by filter, antenna and channel
characteristics.
filter
pre-equalizer
antenna
Xpre
X
X
At
Ft
XpreX Ft -1At -1
Xpost
channel
antenna
filter
post-equalizer
Y
C
Ar
Fr
XpostY C-1 Ar-1 Fr-1
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2.5. Simultaneous Operating Piconets in
SSA (Geometrical Type)

• Multi-band frequency divisions
• ? 440 MHz separation between sub-bands ?
  538 MHz sub-band bandwidth
• Our proposed system uses Reed-Solomon(RS)
  sequence as a TFH sequence
• Reed-Solomon Time-Frequency (RSTF) Hopping
  Sequence

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Reed-Solomon Time-Frequency (RSTF) Hopping
Sequence
S1 7 6 5 2 4 1 3
S2 6 7 4 3 5 0 2
S3 5 4 7 0 6 3 1
S4 4 5 6 1 7 2 0
S5 3 2 1 6 0 5 7
S6 2 3 0 7 1 4 6
S7 1 0 3 4 2 7 5
S8 0 1 2 5 3 6 4
SH1 15 14 13 10 12 9 11
SH2 14 15 12 11 13 8 10
SH3 13 12 15 8 14 11 9
SH4 12 13 14 9 15 10 8
SH5 11 10 9 14 8 13 15
SH6 10 11 8 15 9 12 14
SH7 9 8 11 12 10 15 13
SH8 8 9 10 13 11 14 12
? The RS Time-Frequency (RSTF) code has one
collision property
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Multiple Access Performance of RSTF sequences
BER performance for the number of interfering
users, D/I0dB
BER performance for the different D/I, 1
interfering user
D/I(Received power ratio for the desired user) /
((Received power ratio for the interfering user)

• Coding rate1/2, K3, Interleaver size512 bits
• 8-ary PSMBPSK, AWGN

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Multiple Access Performance (Cont.)
BER performance for the different D/I,2
interfering users
BER performance for the different D/I,3
interfering users

• Coding rate1/2, K3, Interleaver size512 bits
• 8-ary PSMBPSK, AWGN
• The same received power for the interfering users

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2.6. Coexistence and Narrowband Interference
Mitigation ? Interference reduction to/from
IEEE802.11a/b WLAN by generating band notch using
SSA pulse
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?Interference reduction to/from existing
narrowband systems by generating band notch based
on SSA pulse (Cont.)
BER of DS-SS system while SSA UWB system causing
interference
BER of SSA UWB system while IEEE 802.11a system
causing interference
? It is possible to vastly improve the influence
of interference to/from existing systems
including IEEE 802.11a/b WLAN using the SSA
pulse. ? SSA also realizes flexible interference
control under various situations.
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2.7. Link Budget Estimation
a) Free-verse type
Assumption AWGN, 0dBi TX/RX antenna gain
Parameters Value (gt110Mbps) Value (gt200Mbps)
Throughput 125 Mbps 250 Mbps
Average TX Power -7.39 dBm -7.39 dBm
Path Loss 64.48 dB _at_ 10 m 56.52 dB _at_ 4 m
Average RX Power -71.87 dBm -63.91 dBm
Noise Figure 7.0 dB 7.0 dB
Average Noise Power -93.0 dBm -90.0 dBm
Minimum Eb/N0 3.2 dB 3.2 dB
Implementation Loss 3.0 dB 3.0 dB
Link margin 8.0 dB 11.6 dB
RX Sensitivity Level -86.8 dBm -83.8 dBm
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Link Budget Estimation (Cont.)
b) Geometrical type
Assumption 8-band, AWGN, 0dBi TX/RX antenna gain
Parameters Value (gt110Mbps) Value (gt200Mbps)
Throughput 125 Mbps 250 Mbps
Average TX Power -16.41 dBm -16.41 dBm
Total TX Power -7.38 dBm -7.38 dBm
Path Loss 66.52 dB _at_ 10 m 57.66 dB _at_ 4 m
Average RX Power -73.91 dBm -65.95 dBm
Noise Figure 7.0 dB 7.0 dB
Average Noise Power -93.3 dBm -90.0 dBm
Minimum Eb/N0 3.2 dB 3.2 dB
Implementation Loss 3.0 dB 3.0 dB
Link margin 5.9 dB 10.9 dB
RX Sensitivity Level -87.1 dBm -83.8 dBm
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2.8. Frame Architecture for IEEE802.15.3 MAC
Layer ? PLCP Frame Format in SSA

• CRLs SSA methods, both Free-verse type and
  Geometrical type,
• use the same frame format as the IEEE802.15.3 PHY.

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• We can design the waveform of the PN pattern in
  the preamble which is be detectable for both
  Free-verse type and Geometrical type receivers.
• We can use the reserved bit in the PHY header
  as an indicator to show which waveform type is
  employed in the payload, Free-verse type or
  Geometrical type.

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PHY-SAP Throughput
T_PHYHDR T_MACHDR T_HCS 120 bits /
62.5Mbps 1.92 µs T_MPDU MPDU_bits /
R_Pay T_FCS 32bits (4bytes) / R_Pay
T_PA_INITIAL 12.288 µs T_MIFS 2 µs T_PA_CONT
6.144 µs T_SIFS 10 µs
Frame n Transmission
Frame n-1 Transmission
Preamble
PHY HEADER
MAC HEADER
HCS
MPDU
FCS
MIFS
Preamble
PHY HEADER
MAC HEADER
HCS
MPDU
FCS
SIFS
data rate is R_Pay (125, 250 500 Mbps )
data rate is 62.5 Mbps

• MPDU_bits is 8160bits (1020 bytes)

of frames R_Pay125Mbps R_Pay250Mbps R_Pay500Mbps
1 90.9Mbps 143.2Mbps 201.0Mbps
5 98.0Mbps 161.7Mbps 239.5Mbps

• MPDU_bits is 32736bits (4092 bytes)

of frames R_Pay125Mbps R_Pay250Mbps R_Pay500Mbps
1 114.3Mbps 210.8Mbps 364.7Mbps
5 116.9Mbps 220.0Mbps 393.2Mbps
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2.9. Frame and Symbol Synchronization Using the
Defined Preamble
Preamble structure



PN1
-PN32
PN33
-PN64
PN65
-PN96
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2.10. Realization of Soft-Spectrum Adaptation
Transceiver
Geometrical Rx
LO Sin Demodulator
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Time-Frequency Hopping Band-Pass Amplifier

• Center frequency of band-pass characteristic
  (LNA, Output Driver) is changed in short time
  (lt50ps) in accordance with hopping of input
  frequency.

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2.11. Transmitter Power Consumption in SSA
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Receiver Power Consumption in SSA
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2.12. Antenna Practicality

• Antenna form (Antenna RF circuit)
• smaller size for PC Card, Compact Flash,
  Memory Stick,
• SD Memory, etc.

Antenna size 1.0 inch x 1.0 inch
Frequency response VSWR lt 3.0
Impulse response Pulse shaping almost not changed
Radiation characteristics Omni-direction Gain around 2dBi

• Response characteristics are almost flat across
  frequency range.
• Suitable for Soft-Spectrum Adaptation (SSA)
  applications.

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3. Harmonization Based on SSA for All Proposed
UWB Systems

• Global Harmonization is the everlasting aim and
  basic philosophy of CRL-UWB Consortium.
• CRLs Soft-Spectrum Adaptation has a wide
  capability to be harmonized with all the proposed
  UWB systems
• Intel, General Atomics, ST Microelectronics,
  Samsung, TI, and so on.
• Just changing the kernel functions and shapes of
  Soft-Spectrum Adaptation pulse waveforms.

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Harmonization Based on SSA
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3.1. SSA Harmonizationwith Intels Multi-Band
Proposal
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3.2. SSA Harmonization with STMicroelectronics
PPM Proposal

• Modulation 2PPM Polarity (for 123 Mbps)
• Pulse shape Full band pulse shape
• Channel coding Turbo coding

The concept of full band pulse shape of STM is
quite close to CRLs Free-verse SSA philosophy.
Each STMs waveform can be considered to be a
Pulse Shape in SSAs Pulse Shape Modulation(PSM).
At the receiver, use of correlation between each
pulse shape and received waveform gives a large
advantage to the transmission performance.
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Potential Harmonization between Free-verse SSA
and STMicroelectronics
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Potential Harmonization between Free-verse SSA
and STMicroelectronics (Cont.)
SSA (Free-verse) ST Microelectronics Harmonization
Pulse Shape Frequency Band Including Mono-pulse Adaptive Mono-pulse Adaptive Possible
Modulation BPSK/QPSK PSM BPSK 4-PPM Possible if modified
Time Slot 8 nsec 5.4 nsec 7.45 nsec 8 nsec Possible if modified

• STMicroelectronics have proposed Flexible data
  rate where PRP is easily changed.

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3.3. SSA Harmonizationwith General Atomicss
Spectral Keying TM Proposal

• Modulation Spectral Keying
• No. of subbands 5 (119.6Mbps)
• Channel coding Turbo coding

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3.4. Summary of Harmonization Based on SSA

• Our combined iterative demapping/decoding scheme
  including Pulse Shape Correlator offers a large
  advantage in the transmission performance.
• For example, we confirmed that the performance
  of Pulse Shape Modulation Convolutional Code
  is superior to that of Turbo code.
• SSA also have a harmonizing capability with
  other schemes, such as TIs Frequency Hopping
  OFDM scheme and so on, and our iterative decoding
  scheme is applicable to many proposals in IEEE
  802.15.3a.

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4. Self-Evaluation ? General Solution Criteria
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Self-Evaluation ? PHY Protocol Criteria (Cont.)
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Self-Evaluation (Cont.) ? MAC Protocol
Enhancement Criteria
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5. Concluding Remarks
What do we really want to emphasize ?!
Since RD of UWB has still been in progress, our
standardization procedure should not restrict the
progress by only choosing the easiest current
technologies.
On the contrary, we should leave more
flexibilities and freedoms in signaling,
modulation, spectrum matching, etc., especially
at UWB physical layer.
Thats why we need SSA !
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Backup Materials
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RF 15 mW PLL 50 mW

• Geometrical Tx

AFE65mW
AFE160mW

• Multi-band OFDM

IFFT
Convolutional
Bit
Constellation
Input
DAC
Scrambler
Puncturer
Insert Pilots
Encoder
Interleaver
Mapping
Data
Add CP GI
p
cos
(
2
f
t
)
c
Power consumption (Transmitter)
Time Frequency Code
61
Comparison and Harmonization between SSA
(Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal
SSA (Geometrical) Samsung Harmoniza-tion
Pulse shape Basic wave Window 4ns width Sine-wave Window 2.5ns width Possible
Freq. band Adaptive, not specified 700 MHz, if necessary 700 MHz 10 Band Possible
Modula-tion BPSK,QPSK PSM D(B)PSK PPM(2,4) Possible if modified
62
Another Example of Multi-band Plan in SSA
Mandatory Band Group
Optional Band Group
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
f

• ? Multi-band frequency divisions
• 670 MHz separation between sub-bands
• 700 MHz sub-band bandwidth

63
Comparison and Harmonization between SSA
(Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal (Cont.)
SSA (Geometrical) Samsung Harmoniza-tion
Time slot and Guard-interval 8ns 2nd half of time slot can be used as Guard-interval In 2PPM, 2.5ns2 Symbol period is 71.4ns Possible if modified
Considered on the basis of Samsungs Proposal
IEEE802.15-03/135r1
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Harmonization in Modulation between SSA
(Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal (Cont.)

• Support modulation with each other because of
  the modulation similarity BPSK and DPSK.
• Make both methods compatible because pulse shape
  of PSM can be adapted to PPM pulse shape.

65
Harmonization in Time Slot between SSA
(Geometrical Type) and Samsung Proposal (Cont.)
Samsung Transmitter ? SSA receiver Interval with
no signal. 9 time slots (8ns972ns) are nearly
equal to 71.4ns.
SSA Transmitter ? Samsung receiver SSA signal as
Multipath components.

66
Proposed specific SSA pulse (Modified Hermite
Pulse) with Gram-Schimidt orthogonalization
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BER performance of the proposed SSA
pulse(Modified Hermite Pulse) with Gram-Schimidt
orthogonalization