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Hazardous Chemicals In The Laboratory

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Title: Hazardous Chemicals In The Laboratory


1
Hazardous Chemicals In The Laboratory
  • A Guide for Their Safe Use and Disposal

2
THE HAZARD COMMUNICATION ACT
  • The Texas Hazard Communication Act (revised 1993)
    requires public employers to provide information
    to employees regarding hazardous chemicals they
    may be exposed to in the workplace
  • The purpose of this act is to reduce the
    incidence of chemically related occupational
    illness and injury and provide a means for the
    general public to learn about chemical hazards
    associated with business in the community

3
GENERAL HAZARD COMMUNICATION
  • Notification Employers must inform employees of
    their rights to information concerning all toxic
    substances present in their workplace.
  • Information Employers must respond to employee
    requests with specific information concerning any
    toxic substances present in the workplace.

4
GENERAL HAZARD COMMUNICATION (cont)
  • Training Employers must train employees in the
    identity, properties and safe use of toxic
    substances they can expect to encounter in the
    course of their duties.
  • Record Keeping Employers must keep records of
    employees exposed to substances with enforceable
    exposure standards.

5
EMPLOYEE RIGHTS
  • To be informed of exposure to hazardous
    chemicals
  • Ready access to MSDS
  • To receive training on hazardous chemicals
  • Cannot be required to work from unlabeled
    containers of hazardous chemicals
  • The right to file complaints with Texas
    Department of Health

6
CHEMICAL FORMS
  • Chemicals can take three possible forms
  • Solids - toner powder, smoke, dusts, sawdust and
    fumes
  • Liquids - rubber cement, paint thinner,
    solvents, mists and fuels
  • Gases and vapors - smoke, ammonia gas, paint
    vapors, gasoline vapors, carbon monoxide,
    natural gas and propane

7
HAZARD DETERMINATION
  • Before working with any chemical, it is important
    to determine the hazards inherent in handling the
    material.
  • The primary source of information is the label
    on the container and the MSDS.

8
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
  • On the UT Tyler campus, laboratory personnel work
    with a wide variety of chemicals.
  • The hazard presented by a chemical is dependent
    on both its physical and toxicological
    properties.
  • Many chemicals exhibit multiple hazard categories.

9
TYPES OF HAZARDS
  • Chemicals generally cause two kinds of hazards
  • Physical Hazards risks associated with a
    chemical acting on a facility. Examples include
    fire reactivity and risk of explosion.
  • Health Hazards risks associated with a
    chemical acting on humans. Examples include skin
    irritation, reaction to toxins, and the effects
    of carcinogens

10
CHEMICALS WHICH CAN CAUSE PHYSICAL HAZARDS
  • Combustible liquids
  • Explosives
  • Oxidizers
  • Unstable (reactive) chemicals
  • Flammable materials
  • Compressed gases
  • Organic peroxides
  • Pyrophorics
  • Water reactive chemicals

11
HEALTH HAZARDS
  • How a chemical effects the body depends on a
    number of factors. The primary factors are
  • The quantity of material
  • The absorption rate of the chemical
  • The rate the chemical is metabolized
  • The excretion rate of the chemical

12
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
  • Chemicals enter your body through four major
    routes
  • Inhalation inhaled through the mouth and nose
  • Absorption absorb through skin, eyes and
    mucus membrane
  • Ingestion through eating drinking or smoking
    while working with chemicals
  • Injection through needle puncture or broken
    glass

13
CHEMICALS THAT CAN CAUSE HEALTH HAZARDS
  • Carcinogens - defined as a substance with the
    ability to cause tumors
  • Toxic chemicals - a chemical with an LD50 that
    falls into the following categories
  • Oral 50 500 mg/kg
  • Dermal 200 1000 mg/kg
  • Inhalation 200 2000 ppm
  • Corrosive chemical s- defined as corrosive if it
    causes visible destruction of, or an
    irreversible alteration in living tissue by
    chemical action at the site of contact

14
CHEMICALS THAT CAN CAUSE HEALTH HAZARDS (cont)
  • Irritants- a chemical which causes a reversible
    inflammatory effect on living tissue,
    particularly the skin, eyes, nose or respiratory
    system
  • Sensitizers - a material which causes an
    allergic reaction of the skin or respiratory
    system

15
CAUSTIC BURN
16
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
  • A material safety data sheet (MSDS) gives
    information and detail on chemical and physical
    dangers, safety procedures, emergency response
    procedures, and the safe handling of a substance.
  • There are several formats for MSDS, but they all
    must contain the same basic information.

17
MSDS INFORMATION
  • Product information
  • Composition
  • Hazard identification
  • First aid measures
  • Fire fighting measure
  • Spill procedure
  • Handling and storage
  • Exposures control, PPE
  • Physical and chemical
  • properties
  • Stability and reactivity
  • Toxicological information
  • Ecological information
  • Disposal consideration
  • Transportation information
  • Regulatory information

18
Safe Handling Means Read the Label
  • The original label from the supplier or
    manufacturer must remain attached to the
    container.
  • The label provides
  • Name of the chemical as it appears on MSDS
  • Manufacturer name and address
  • Physical and health warnings

19
CONTAINER LABEL
Hazard Warnings
Chemical Name
Manufacturer
20
HABITS AND PRACTICES
  • Food, beverages, and tobacco products should not
    be consumed in the laboratory
  • Wash hands thoroughly before leaving the lab
  • Laboratory equipment should not be used for food
    preparation
  • Be cautious of any sharp object

21
ALWAYS USE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
  • Eye protection safety glasses, goggles
  • Hand protection resistant gloves, insulated
    gloves
  • Foot protection no sandals in the lab
  • Body protection smock, lab coat, full
    protective suit. No shorts in the lab.
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