Classical Rome

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Classical Rome

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Classical Rome

• Overlaps with and is interrelated with Greece,
  geographically, chronologically, culturally, and
  politically.

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Classical Rome

• Romulus Remus
• 753 BC
• Legendary founders of Rome
• Twin sons abandoned by Mars

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Classical Rome

• Virgil
• Author of the Aeneid

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Classical Rome

• Romes early road system

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The Roman Republic (509 BC)

• Included Patricians - Aristocrats Plebians -
  Commoners

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The Law of the Twelve Tables (450 BC)

• Provided political social rights for Plebians

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The Roman Republic

• Consul - Ruler of Rome
• Senate - Representative body for patricians
• Tribal Assembly - Representative body for plebians

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Carthagenian Empire
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Punic Wars (246-146 BC)

• Rome vs. Carthage (Phoenicians)
• Cause Territorial Power rivalry
• Hannibal used elephants great strategy to
  defeat the Romans
• Result Rome won and acquired Sicily, Corsica,
  Sardinia more.
• Carthage was destroyed.

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Second Punic War

• Hannibals route

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Roman society

• Roman society was based on an agrarian lifestyle
  which consisted mostly of Latifundia (large
  plantations) owned farmed by coloni (free
  farmers).
• The coloni exemplified the Roman traits that
  made Rome great.

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Results of the Punic Wars

• After the Punic Wars, Roman Traits of discipline,
  courage, hard work, honesty simplicity based on
  an agrarian lifestyle seemed to have been lost.
• There was unemployment, dislocation, poverty,
  corruption, crime laziness as many discontented
  people moved to Rome.

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Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

• Aristocratic brothers (senators)
• Tried to resolve some of the problems faced by
  Rome after the Punic Wars.
• Their suggestions included
• Extend Roman citizenship.
• Government to buy surplus grain distribute it
  to the poor.
• Adopt a civil service exam system.

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Romes Civil Wars

• Gaius Marius vs. Cornelius Sulla
• After serving as dictator, Sulla resigned
• Caesar was elected Consul
• Shared power with Pompey
• Left to fight the Gaulic Wars.

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Romes Civil Wars

• Pompey vs. Julius Caesar
• Feud over the Gaulic Wars
• Shared power with Pompey
• Left to fight the Gaulic Wars.
• Mark Antony vs. Octavian (Augustus)
• Antonys infatuation with Cleopatra (Egyptian
  royalty).

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Romes Civil Wars

• Mark Antony vs. Octavian (Augustus)
• Antonys infatuation with Cleopatra (Egyptian
  royalty).

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Julius Caesar

• Ruled Rome as a benevolent dictator until his
  assassination.
• Succeeded in adopting reform efforts of the
  Gracchi brothers
• Reduced debts
• Freed serfs
• Reformed the calenda
• Began a public works program

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Octavian (Augustus)
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Octavian (Augustus)

• Romes greatest ruler
• Caesars nephew and adopted heir.
• Won a civil war against Mark Antony
• His rule began the Pax Romana.
• Carried out the reforms of Julius Caesar.

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Map of the Roman Empire
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Pax Romana (27BC - 180AD)

• Era of peace and prosperity
• Based on the reform policies of Caesar and
  Octavian.
• Borders were secure roadways were
• safe the poor were provided for morality and
  law order were checked with propaganda and
  legislation.

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Roman Social Life

• Included sumptuous banquets, luxurious homes for
  the wealthy, public baths, gladiatorial contests
  theaters, and athletic competitions.

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Roman Bath
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Roman Toilets

• Roman public toilets shared by men women

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Roman Forum
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Roman Forum

• Temples government buildings
• Platform for public speaking at the Roman Forum

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Roman Colosseum
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Circus Maximus

• Circus Maximus for chariot racing

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Roman Amphitheater
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Roman Female Athletes
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Roman Female Athletes
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Additional Roman Cultural Accomplishments

• Preservation of Greek culture
• Innovations in architecture and engineering as
  seen in the Pantheon, Coliseum, aqueducts,
  theaters, and roads.

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Additional Roman Cultural Accomplishments

• Law which became basis of many western
  governments including England the USA
• Concepts of popular sovereignty and separation of
  powers.
• Military training, organization, and technical
  development.

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Jupitor

• Supreme deity of Roman gods

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Pantheon

• Temple dedicated to all the gods

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Roman Aqueduct

• This Engineering
• accomplishment
• brought water to Roman cities.

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Roman Aqueduct
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Hadrians Wall

• N. England, 127 AD

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Appian Way

• A famous Roman road one of Romes engineering
  accomplishment

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Ballista

• A machine for hurling stones bolts of hot iron

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Cicero

• Orator and statesman
• Promoted the ideas ideals of Roman society
  (Roman traits).

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Marcus Aurelius

• Philosopher King

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Constantine

• During the Decline and Fall of Rome this
  emperor established a new Rome at Byzantium
  which was renamed Constantinople.
• Constantine also legalized Christianity
  throughout the Roman empire.

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Some Possible Causes for the Decline Fall of
Rome

• Moral decline
• Government corruption
• Christianity
• Lead poisoning

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Some Possible Causes for the Decline Fall of
Rome

• Exhaustion of the soil
• Plague disease
• Over-expansion imperialism
• Barbarian invasions

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Barbarian Invasions
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Barbarian Invasions
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Barbarian Map
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End ofClassical Rome(509 BCE - 476 CE)
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Roman History Resources

• Outlines of Roman History
• Roman History, Culture, Philosophy, etc.
• Ancient Rome - History for Kids!
• A Classified List of Books upon Roman History for
  Reading and Reference