Canola Quality Review

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Canola Quality Review Canola Council of Canada
38th Annual Convention Halifax, July 18,
2005 Dave Hickling Canola Council of Canada
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• Quality Value
• Background and Assumptions
• Canola is subject to commodity pricing due to
  high global production
• Canola is facing increased commodity competition
  from soybeans and palm
• Canola oil is a high value product in some
  markets

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• Quality Value
• Background and Assumptions
• There are current opportunities (health,
  functionality) to increase canola value
• Canola quality weaknesses should be identified
  and fixed
• Research and development will be value driven

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• Canola Quality Review Project Outline
• Interview customers and industry to determine
  quality components
• What quality components currently provide value?
• What new or different quality components would
  provide value?
• 2. Review quality competitiveness
• 3. Analyze and prioritize quality components
• 4. Recommend improvements

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Customer comments

• United States
• Oil
• - Saturated fat content (lt 7) (Food labelling)
• - Chlorophyll a concern
• - Light, neutral taste positive for bottlers
• - Nutritionists like fatty acid profile
  (Perfect oil) (Nutrition guidelines, health
  claims)
• - High stability canola positive as trans fat
  replacement (Food labelling)
• Meal
• - Premium value in dairy feed

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Customer comments

• Japan
• Seed
• - Chlorophyll maximum 20 mg/kg
• - Moisture content 7.0 - 8.0
• - Oil content minimum 42.5
• - Keep free fatty acid levels low

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Customer comments

• Japan
• Oil
• - Appreciate light taste and low cooking odour
• - Good iodine values (110 120 units)
  (mayonnaise)
• - Saturated fat levels and health benefits of
  fatty acid profile not currently perceived as a
  benefit
• Meal
• - Energy undervalued in Japan Feed Standards
• - Generally considered a byproduct and is not
  well promoted

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Customer comments

• Mexico
• Seed
• - High oil content is important
• - Chlorophyll is important
• Oil
• - Most canola oil is sold as vegetable oil
  health benefits an emerging issue
• - Light taste and neutral flavour a benefit for
  vegetable oil use
• Meal
• - Generally get good value for meal
• - Enhanced meal value for poultry would be
  beneficial

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Customer comments

• China
• Seed, Oil
• - High oil content is important
• - Chlorophyll content more important as more oil
  is RBD
• Meal
• - Canola meal value not generally appreciated
  due to mixing with rapeseed meal

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Customer comments

• Pakistan
• Seed, Oil and Meal
• - Oil content versus Australian a concern in
  2003
• - Chlorophyll removal a technical problem
• - Like protein content of Canadian canola

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Canola Seed Quality

• Oil content
• Chlorophyll level
• Moisture
• Free fatty acids
• Seed size
• Variability

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The average oil content of Canadian canola from
1994 to 2004 as per the Canadian Grain Commission
Harvest Survey. DeClercq, 2004.
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Value of higher oil (and lower meal) content in
canola seed based on oil price of 600/t and meal
price of 150/t.

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The average chlorophyll content of Canadian
canola from 1994 to 2004 as per the Canadian
Grain Commission Harvest Survey. DeClercq, 2004.
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Cost of removing chlorophyll from canola oil
based on the costs of bleaching clays, phosphoric
acid treatment and other processing costs.

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Canola Oil Quality

• Saturated fat level
• Mono-unsaturated fat level
• Polyunsaturated fat level
• Erucic acid level
• Functional characteristics taste, stability
• Other components sterols and tocopherols
• Non-food use functionality
• Variability

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The average saturated fat content of Canadian
canola from 1994 to 2004 as per the Canadian
Grain Commission Harvest Survey. DeClercq, 2004.
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The relative amount of Brassica napus and
Brassica rapa planted in Western Canada from 1994
to 2004 as per the Canadian Grain Commission
Harvest Survey. DeClercq, 2004.
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Canola meal value

• Protein level
• Amino acid levels (lysine, methionine, histidine)
• Amino acid digestibility (heat damage, structural
  matrix)
• Energy level (fibre content carbohydrate
  digestibility)
• Vitamins and minerals (choline, phosphorus,
  selenium)
• Anti-nutrients (glucosinolates, phytate, tannins,
  sinapine)
• Colour
• Variability

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The average protein content of Canadian canola
from 1994 to 2004 as per the Canadian Grain
Commission Harvest Survey. DeClercq, 2004.
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Canola meal value

• Canola meal is the second most popular protein
  meal in world. Value is related to soybean meal
• - Canola meal has 75 the protein of 47 protein
  soybean meal
• - Canola meal has 80 - 90 the energy value of
  dehulled soybean meal
• - The price of canola meal usually ranges
  between 60 and 70 the price of soybean meal

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Canola meal relative value to soybean meal

• Animal type Relative value
• ( soybean meal)
• Broiler chicken 55 - 65
• Layer chicken 60 - 70
• Hog grower 65 - 75
• Dairy Cattle 70 - 85

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Canola meal value increase (/T) with 10
nutrient increase
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Quality improvement priorities

• Seed
• - Higher oil content
• - Lower chlorophyll levels
• Oil
• - Saturated fat content
• - Extra value components (omega-3, tocopherols)
• - Functionality (oxidative stability)
• Meal
• - Energy content

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Direction of quality improvements
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Methods to improve quality

• Incentives / Penalties
• Market premiums
• Regulatory mandate ?
• Mechanisms
• Breeding objectives (WCC/RRC)
• Agronomic management
• Regulatory (inspection and grading) standards
  (CGC)
• Processing
• Sourcing and handling management

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Next steps

• Further analysis
• Determine cost / benefit of key quality
  improvements
• Industry consultation
• Provide quality improvement framework for
  industry consideration
• Work with industry and regulatory authorities on
  mechanisms by which to improve canola quality

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Further analysis

• Determine cost / benefit of key quality
  improvements
• Oil content potential premium/discount system
• Logistical (segregation) issues
• Effect on other components in seed
• Study existing systems in other countries
• Chlorophyll content
• Reduction through breeding and/or agronomics
• Improved measurement or grading
• Improved handling

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Further analysis

• Determine cost / benefit of key quality
  improvements
• Saturated fat levels
• Variability by growing region
• Reset breeding objectives (?)
• Canola meal energy content
• Breeding (yellow seeded napus, other fibre
  reduction)
• De-hulling or other processing
• Enzymes

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Thank you

• www.canola-council.org