European Union

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PARTICIPATORY IRRIGATION MANAGEMENTIN
KOSOVO(Demë Abazi - Daniel Rogier)

• European Union

MAFRD




Kosovo Trust Agency

EIGTH INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON PARTICIPATORY
IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT TARBES, May 2005
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Background

• Kosovo has one of the highest population
  densities in Europe 2.2 million on a land area
  of 1.1 million ha
• Agriculture is the main economic activity in
  Kosovo accounting for approximately 30 of GDP
• 90 of the farms are private smallholdings with
  an average size holding of 0.7 ha
• Of Kosovos 570,000 ha of productive lands 72,000
  ha are irrigable from irrigation networks
• Maximum of 52,000 ha was irrigated in 1989

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Irrigation Management before 1999
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Post period 1999

• As the result of the recent war and 10 years of
  lack of investment and absence of maintenance
• Small farm holdings have altogether disappeared
• Farming communities have also been badly
  affected
• Irrigation infrastructures collapsed

• Emergence of United Nations in Kosovo
  involvement of a wide range of international
  donors

Attempt has been made at reviving and rebuilding
the agricultural sector in Kosovo
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Post period 1999

• 2 Main Project have been financed by the European
  Agency of Reconstruction (EAR)

• From 2001 to 2003
• Kosovo Irrigation Rehabilitation Project Phase 1
  (KIRP1) concentrated on
• Rehabilitation of the primary and secondary
  irrigation networks
• Supporting the publicly Irrigation Providers

From 2003 to 2005 Kosovo Irrigation
Rehabilitation Project Phase 2 (KIRP2) aims at
ensuring the long term sustainability of the
rehabilitated irrigation infrastructures by
focusing on institutional strengthening measures
including the involvement of farmers through WUAs
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Irrigation after KIRP1
(15,000 ha have been rehabilitated)
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Main objectives of KIRP 2

• Making IRCs commercially sustainable
• Promoting sustainable OM by farmers and
  developping WUAs to support the IRCs for the
  management of the irrigation networks
• Encouraging the efficient use of water for
  irrigation
• Improving the Ethnic integration through
  irrigation management

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DEVELOPMENT OF WUAs IN KOSOVO
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MAIN KOSOVO WUAs ISSUE

• A KOSOVO GOVERNMENT WISH TO DEVELOP WUAs

• Farmers professional organizations have many
  advantages
• involvement of farmers
• better water management, and OM,
• better representativity of the farmers,
• education of the farmers to larger economic
  issues.

2. A DEEP DIFFICULTY TO DEVELOP WUAs

• - Deep gap between the Governmental wish and the
  effective involvement of farmers in WUAs.
• In 2003, the 22 Kosovo WUAs existed only on the
  paper

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HOW TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE WUAS DEVELOPMENT?
THE SINGLE RIGHT ASSERTION
A farmer association can only have an effective
activity when there is a common farmers
willingness to solve a common problem they face
and they cannot solve by individual actions.
STRATEGY ADOPTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUA DEVELOPMENT

• - Analysing with the farmers the common problems
  they face
• Finding with the farmers the way to solve the
  common problems

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ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUAs DEVELOPMENT

• Assessing the joint willingness to solve common
  irrigation problems

• Many field visits and meetings with farmers have
  been organized to address the following
  questions
• Identify the common irrigation problems,
• Can the common problems be solved through
  individual actions?
• Do farmers have the necessary common
  determination to solve their common problems
• Are they available resources to overcome the
  common problems?
• Are farmers ready to invest the required
  resources?
• Are farmers ready to comply with a common
  discipline?

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ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUAs DEVELOPMENT

• Assessing the joint willingness to solve common
  irrigation problems

2. Proposed two basic missions that can be
delegated by the IRCs to the WUAs
MISSION 1 Joint water management in a sub-area
(secondary and/or tertiary levels)
Farmers can better manage water operations and
save money
water needs, water delivery, fee collection
When relevant, farmers can efficiently maintain
the channels and can save money
MISSION 2 Joint channels maintenance in a
sub-area
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ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUAs DEVELOPMENT

• Assessing the joint willingness to solve common
  irrigation problems

2. Proposed two basic missions that can be
delegated by the IRCs to the WUAs
3. Adjust WUAs objectives to farmers abilities
and to type of irrigation networks

• Adapt the IP delegated servicesdelivered to
  agreed WUAs to the network configuration

• Adapt WUAs missions
• to types of networks

• Adapt WUAs missions
• to farmers abilities

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ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUAs DEVELOPMENT

• Assessing the joint willingness to solve common
  irrigation problems

2. Proposed two basic missions that can be
delegated by the IRCs to the WUAs
3. Adjust WUAs objectives to farmers abilities
and to type of irrigation networks
4. Develop farmers interest to work in WUAs from
incentives
BASIC PRICE for water delivery without contract
DISCOUNT for individual water delivery with
multi-year contract
LARGE DISCOUNT for joint water management (WUAs)
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ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUAs DEVELOPMENT

• Assessing the joint willingness to solve common
  irrigation problems

2. Proposed two basic missions that can be
delegated by the IRCs to the WUAs
3. Adjust WUAs objectives to farmers abilities
and to type of irrigation networks
4. Develop farmers interest to work in WUAs from
incentives
5. Increase and stabilize incomes of WUAs through
a split of fee collection (payment for water
delivery and taxation for maintenance)
Direct payment for water delivery
Maintenance back-payment to agreed WUAs
Taxation for Development and Maintenance
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ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUAs DEVELOPMENT

• Assessing the joint willingness to solve common
  irrigation problems

2. Proposed two basic missions that can be
delegated by the IRCs to the WUAs
3. Adjust WUAs objectives to farmers abilities
and to type of irrigation networks
4. Develop farmers interest to work in WUAs from
incentives
5. Increase and stabilize incomes of WUAs through
a split of fee collection (payment for water
delivery and taxation for maintenance)
6. Improve relations with IRCs
Fee-collection by WUAs drastically
improves financial transparency
Farmers representatives in the Supervisory Board
(Federation of WUA)
Involve IRCs in WUAs Development
Discounted prices improves farmers involvement
Payments through banks transfers
Advance payment for Water Supply
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ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUAs DEVELOPMENT

• Assessing the joint willingness to solve common
  irrigation problems

2. Proposed two basic missions that can be
delegated by the IRCs to the WUAs
3. Adjust WUAs objectives to farmers abilities
and to type of irrigation networks
4. Develop farmers interest to work in WUAs from
incentives
5. Increase and stabilize incomes of WUAs through
a split of fee collection (payment for water
delivery and taxation for maintenance)
6. Improve relations with IRCs
7. Propose the most appropriate legal documents
and improve WUA management
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LAW ON IRRIGATION LAW ON AGRICULTURAL LANDS
WUA
IRC

• MANAGING BOARD
• Chairman Vice Chairman
• Treasurer and vice Treasurer
• Secretary

TRANSFER AGREEMENT WATER SUPLY CONTRACT
employ
elected

• EXECUTIVE STAFF
• Chief Executive
• Operator

• SUPERVISORY BOARD
• Representatives of the municipalities
• Representatives of farmers
• MAFRD Ministry of environment

GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MEMBERS - Users of the lands
STATUTES BY LAWS
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ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY KIRP2 FOR WUA DEVELOPMENT

• Assessing the joint willingness to solve common
  irrigation problems

2. Proposed two basic missions that can be
delegated by the IRCs to the WUAs
3. Adjust WUAs objectives to farmers abilities
and to type of irrigation networks
4. Develop farmers interest to work in WUAs from
incentives
5. Increase and stabilize incomes of WUAs through
a split of fee collection (payment for water
delivery and taxation for maintenance)
6. Improve relations with IRCs
7. Propose the most appropriate legal documents
and improve WUA management

• Improve farmers awareness
• - Trainings
• Workshops
• Study tour

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MAIN OUTPUTS

• From the 22 existing WUAs in Kosovo

• The legal documents have been approved by MAFRD,
  UNMIK, IRCs and WUAs

• Existing WUAs have been involved and approved the
  main decisions
• Advance payment for water delivery
• Payment through bank accounts
• Taxation for the maintenance
• Involvement of the municipalities
• Representation of the farmers in the supervisory
  board of the IRCs

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MAIN OUTPUTS

• From the 22 existing WUAs in Kosovo

• The legal documents have been approved by MAFRD,
  UNMIK, IRCs and WUAs

• Existing WUAs have been involved and approvred
  the main decisions

• 15 WUAs organized their General Assembly in 2005
  in presence of more than 2/3 members

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MAIN OUTPUTS

• From the 22 existing WUAs in Kosovo

• The legal documents have been approved by MAFRD,
  UNMIK, IRCs and WUAs

• Existing WUAs have been involved and approvred
  the main decisions

• 15 WUAs organized their General Assembly in 2005
  in presence of more than 2/3 members

• In 2004 4 WUAs started to be operational in the
  field
• In 2005 7 WUAs signed Transfer Agreement and
  water supply contract with IRC

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MAIN OUTPUTS

• From the 22 existing WUAs in Kosovo

• The legal documents have been approved by MAFRD,
  UNMIK, IRCs and WUAs

• Existing WUAs have been involved and approved the
  main decisions

• 15 WUAs organized their General Assembly in 2005
  in presence of more than 2/3 members

• In 2004 4 WUAs started to be operational in the
  field
• In 2005 7 WUAs signed Transfer agreement and
  water supply contract with IRC

• Cleaning campaign has been organised

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MAIN OUTPUTS

• From the 22 existing WUAs in Kosovo

• The legal documents have been approved by MAFRD,
  UNMIK, IRCs and WUAs

• Existing WUAs have been involved and approved the
  main decisions

• 15 WUAs organized their General Assembly in 2005
  in presence of more than 2/3 members

• In 2004 4 WUAs started to be operational in the
  field
• In 2005 7 WUAs signed Transfer agreement and
  water supply contract with IRC

• Cleaning campaign has been organized

• For the 2005 irrigation season
• 7 WUAs paid 20 in advance for irrigation
• Farmers contacted KIRP2 to create a WUA
• Regional federation of WUA will be created in
  June 2005