Transportation Demand Management for Colleges, Universities and Municipalities

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Transportation Demand Management for Colleges,
Universities and Municipalities

• Mid-South Transportation and Parking Association
• March 20, 2007

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Overview

• Introduction to ACT
• Introduction to TDM
• University Applications
• Parking TDM
• Building a Dialogue

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Introduction to ACT

• Association for Commuter Transportation
• ACT supports individual transportation demand
  management professionals and organizational
  members in their efforts to reduce traffic
  congestion, enhance mobility, improve air
  quality, and conserve energy.

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ACT Resources

• ACT International Conference
• Chapter/Regional Events
• TDM Review (quarterly journal)
• TDM eReview (biweekly e-mail)
• Online members-only directory
• NetConferences
• Professional development seminars

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ACT Chapters

• Cascades
• Chesapeake
• Great Lakes
• Lone Star
• Mid-Atlantic
• Midwest
• Northern California

• Northern California Inland
• Patriot
• Rocky Mountain
• South East (SEACT)
• Southern California
• Valley of the Sun

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ACT Councils

• 511 Council
• Employer Council - Coming Soon!
• HOV/HOT Council
• Public Policy Council
• Telework Council
• TMA Council
• University Council
• Vanpool Council

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ACT University Council Members

• California Poly State University - San Luis
  Obispo
• California State University - Dominguez Hills
• California State University - Eastbay
• California State University - Northridge
• California State University - San Marcos
• Center for Urban Transportation Research (USF)
• Clayton State University
• Cornell University
• Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

• George Mason University
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• UCLA
• UNC Asheville
• University of California - Riverside
• University of Chicago
• University of New Mexico
• University of Southern California
• Vanderbilt University
• Virginia Tech
• (25 campuses)

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Public Policy

• ACT was instrumental in educating Congress about
  need for tax-free commute benefit
  (transit/vanpool).
• Parking parity issue
• Engaged in 2005 passage of SAFETEA-LU Safe,
  Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation
  Equity Act A Legacy for Users.
  (http//www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/index.htm)

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Introduction to TDM

• Transportation demand management
• History What if?
• Gas lines/prices gt air quality gt congestion
• Transportation Less or more?
• More mobilityfew problems
• Multi-modal focus
• Redefine supplynot just highways

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Demand vs. Choice
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What Kind of Choice?

• More choice
• Easy choice
• Convenient choice
• Affordable choice
• Positive experience

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Ahhh

• Oasis experience
• Refreshedrejuvenatedor just relieved
• Operational choices affect experience
• Starbucks barista vs computer tech support
• Bus always on-time?
• Vanpool driver competent pleasant?
• Parking attendant welcoming helpful?

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Mobility Options

• Public transportation
• bus (local, express, BRT)
• rail (heavy, light, mono)
• Private buses(coaches)
• Vanpools(15-passenger or mini-vans)
• Circulators(rail, bus, shuttle, tram, van)
• Carpools
• formal or informal

• Bicycles
• rider-owned
• loaner/donor
• Walking
• Car sharing
• Flexcar
• Zipcar
• Telework
• home-based
• remote work center

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Supportive Strategies

• Infrastructure
• HOV lanes
• HOV off-ramps
• HOT lanes
• Preferential parking
• Broadband
• Transit-oriented development

• Policies
• Flextime flexplace
• Commute benefits
• Transit/vanpool fare media (110/mo)
• Pre-tax purchase
• Parking
• Charge for parking
• Equal treatment
• GRH/ERH
• Land use

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Shifting Role

• Instead of justselling parking,we have toget
  into mobility.
• Brian ShawDirector of Campus Transportation
  Parking ServicesUniversity of Chicago

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Comparing Costs

• Storing Vehicles...
• Debt service operating costs 30,000/space?
• Plusopportunity cost of land
• more expensive thanfacilitating movement of
  people.

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Can We Deliver Choices?

• Many employers do it everyday
• Stanford
• Harvard
• University of Michigan
• See more examples via U.S. EPAs Best Workplaces
  for Commuters (www.bwc.com)
• Colleges/Universities
• Municipalities
• Companies

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BWC Campus Highlights

• U.S. EPA recognized 72 institutions of higher
  education in 26 states via its 2006 list of Best
  Workplaces for Commuters from colleges and
  universities.
• 568,000 employees receive an excellent package
  of commuter benefits from these innovative
  colleges and universities. Annually, these
  employees
• Save 30 million gallons of gasoline
• Reduce 616 million miles of driving
• Save 86 million spent on gasoline (based on
  average of 2.92/gal for week of May 2006
  Source Energy Information Administration)
• Reduce 260,000 metric tons of the greenhouse gas
  carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent to
• Over 50,000 passenger cars not driven for one
  year
• Over 700,000 barrels of oil
• Providing 33,000 households with electricity for
  one year
• Reduce 370 short tons of volatile organic
  compounds (VOCs) precursors to ozone commonly
  referred to as smog
• Reduce 700 short tons of NOX and reduce 7,750
  short tons of CO

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Campus Example Stanford

• 2006
• Drive-alone 55
• Train 15

• 2002
• Drive alone 72
• Train 4

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Stanford - continued

• Free train fare for eligible employees
• SU buys for all 9000 eligible faculty/staff.
  Costs 100/person, but real cost closer to
  600/person since train ridership averages about
  1,500.
• Wed rather spend that than 1500-2000/employee
  per year in debt service on a parking structure
  space. Were spending to get them out of their
  cars vs spending on keeping them in their cars.
  - Brodie Hamilton, Director
• Has about 8 or 9 vanpools.

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Stanford - continued

• Growth plan between Stanford and Santa Clara
  County (started Jan. 2001)
• No net commute trips during peak hour
• Limited number of net parking spaces
• 23,000 parking spaces on campus We dont fill
  up everyday, but we want to be good custodians of
  that space. We dont want to build unnecessarily.
  Eventually available space will become more of an
  issue. -Brodie Hamilton
• Approx. 26,500 people (11,500 students 8,000
  hospital employees 11,000 faculty/staff)
• Implemented incentive programs so people wont
  leave campus during peak commute times.
• Shuttles take them to shopping areas, etc., for
  errands.

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Stanford - continued

• Parking and TDM operation under same umbrella
  so staff not working at odds.
• Staff understands joint mission and goals, so
  usually no conflict over goals or revenue.
• As our TDM program expands it reduces the number
  of people buying parking permits. Have seen a
  drop in parking revenue. We have to adjust our
  rates to deal with that.
• The fact that we charge for parking is very
  helpful, because free parking makes sale of TDM
  options even more difficult.
• Contact Brodie Hamilton, Director for Parking
  Transportation Services (650-723-5815)

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Stanford - continued

• Sustainable funding
• New building projects on campus taxed to help pay
  for the impact.
• 4.6 fee assessed on total cost of project to
  support total campus infrastructure.
• If project creating net new square footage,
  theres an 75/square foot additional assessment.
• A lot of campuses approach TDM half-heartedly,
  but if they have to accomplish certain things
  then they have to get more serious in how they
  establish and pay for these programs on an
  ongoing basis.
• Stanford doesnt pay debt service out of its
  parking permit fees, so the permit fee typically
  goes toward operations.

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Stanfords Success Tips

• Support Need understanding, appreciation and
  support at highest levels for what you want to
  accomplish.
• Funding Identify what could be sustainable
  funding sources. Stanfords is rare but
  effective. You dont want to worry year to year
  how youre going to pull this off. You need a
  funding mechanism that allows you to be creative
  and offer the resources and programs to meet your
  goals.
• Leverage Dont recreate the wheel. Analyze the
  resources available in your area. Try to avoid
  competing with providers. We relied on existing
  transit and train services.
• Promote Marketing and outreach cant be
  emphasized enough. Has a 2-year comprehensive
  marketing plan thats developed and refined on an
  ongoing basis, reviewed annually.

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Campus Example Harvard

• Comprehensive Commuter Choice Program
• Century-long transit culture
• Only 17 drive alone
• About 1/3 use public transportation
• Almost half the employees live within 3 miles,
  which helps bicycling walking.

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Harvard - continued

• Subsidize transit passes by 50
• A rapid transit line comes right to the heart of
  campus.
• Little parking available at campus core.
• No vanpools (schedule challenges and relatively
  short commutes)
• Emergency ride home

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Harvard - continued

• Intra-campus mobility
• Zipcar
• Free shuttles
• Bicycle program (Departments can order a free
  bike, which gets labeled with depts namecomes
  with helmet, lock, etc.)
• One-day permit
• Can pay and download online
• Good back up when car really needed

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Harvard - continued

• Carpooling Challenges
• Shift worker best candidate
• Rigid rules Must carpool w/another Harvard
  employee 5 days/week to qualify for discount.
• Parking enforcement is awkward
• Attendant looks for carpool hang tag
• Driver might have dropped off partneror might
  be untruthful about carpool status.
• Not every lot/garage is staffed.

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Harvard - continued

• Parking staff about 50 people
• Most are parking monitors
• Two dedicated to Commuter Choice program since
  it started in 2000.
• Contact Holly Parker 617-496-5354
• http//www.commuterchoice.harvard.edu/

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Harvards Success Tips

• Know the culture of your employees and students
  to understand what kinds of incentives will
  work...what will really encourage them.
• Know where your employees live.

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Campus Example U-Michigan

• Public transportation via Ann Arbor
  Transportation Authority (AATA)
• University-operated extensive shuttle system
• Vanpooling
• Zipcar (6 cars on campus)
• Bicycling

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U-Michigan - continued

• AATA
• All students/faculty/staff can show campus ID and
  ride for free. 5-year, 1.8 million/yr deal began
  Aug 2004.
• U-M riders make up 40 percent of AATAs
  ridership.
• Ridership has increased 33 in last 3 years.
• U-M Transit/Shuttles
• 6 regular routes Mon-Fri
• 4 medical center routes

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U-Michigan - continued

• WAVE Community Connector
• Chelsea Area Transportation System bus discounts
  1.50 per ride for faculty, staff, students
  between Chelsea/Dexter/Ann Arbor.
• Special Services
• AATA after-hours shared-ride taxi service
• Free emergency ride home via taxi
• Scheduled para-transit, plus S.A.F.E.WALK /Night
  Van campus accompaniment service

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U-Michigan - continued

• Late 1970s U-M starts vanpool program with 16
  university-owned vans. Eligible faculty and staff
  paid monthly fee. Vanpools got free, reserved
  parking near workplace entrance, plus GRH
  eligibility.
• 2001 U-M made vanpooling free.
• 2003 U-M partners with MichiVan (operated by
  VPSI), providing mini-vans owned, maintained,
  insured and managed by VPSI.
• Participation tripled.
• Vanpoolers buy own gas driver must gain MichiVan
  approval.
• Currently saves 370 parking spaces/day.
• U-M looks at it as saving 30,000 per parking
  space, because if we had to park that many
  vehicles we would need a new structure.-Keith
  Johnson, Assistant Director, Parking
  Transportation

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U-Michigan - continued

• Result Big Savings
• By offering a comprehensive commuter benefits
  program, including exemplary transit benefits,
  the University has avoided building more than
  1,300 parking spaces alone, saving nearly 17
  million in new parking construction expenses.
• Contacts
• Keith Johnson (734-764-3427 rkj_at_bf.umich.edu)and
  Brian Pawlowski (734-764-1100)

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Launching TDM Programs

• Know your culture and appropriate options
• Determine cost/benefit for your facility
• Educate your audiences
• Get support of top decision makers
• Set realistic, measurable goals
• Plan implement strong marketing
• Track, evaluate, refine

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TDM in Transition?

• Vital niche
• Competing for funds
• USDOT commission
• Challenge of climate change
• New thinkingnew partnerships

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Separated at Birth?

• Old parking versus TDM
• New parking and TDM together
• Explore opportunities to collaborate

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Building a Dialogue

• Participate via membership
• Participate via ACT International Conference
• Mark Wrightmark_at_actweb.org202-712-9050www.actwe
  b.org