The Establishment of Uniform Standards and Guidelines on Land Transport Security in a NonUniform Env

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The Establishment of Uniform Standards and
Guidelines on Land Transport Security in a
Non-Uniform Environment Paul Murphy, GHD Pty
Ltd, Australia.
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Introduction and Context
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National Centre for Security Standards

• Listed below are the objectives of the National
  Centre for Security Standards.
• Facilitate the timely identification,
  development, and adoption of standards responsive
  to the needs identified by key stakeholders.
• Provide a forum to bring together individual
  industries, standards developing organisations,
  and governmental units to define needs, determine
  work plans and establish priorities for updating
  standards or creating new standards
• Solicit participation from national
  security-related sectors that have not
  traditionally participated in the voluntary
  standards system.

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National Centre for Security Standards

• Listed below are the objectives of the National
  Centre for Security Standards. (Continued)
• Promote collaborative efforts between national
  and international standards developing
  organisations to establish work plans, to develop
  joint and/or complementary standards to address a
  specifically identified gap, and to do so in a
  timely manner.
• As appropriate, coordinate with other national,
  regional, and international efforts addressing
  national security standards.
• Provide guidelines in a holistic approach to
  security in personnel, physical, logical and
  procedural areas in the context of critical
  infrastructure, special events, day-to-day
  delivery of government services, requirements for
  business and other relevant areas.
• Incorporate the concept of business continuity
  management into this holistic approach. 

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World Standards Cooperation
To assist the transit community in meeting the
challenges through standards solutions, a
presentation was made at the fourth meeting of
the ISO/IEC/ITU-T Strategic Advisory Group on
Security, 12-13 April 2007. As a result, the
following resolution was passed Resolution 2 -
Proposed International Workshop on Transit
Security Standardization The SAG-S thanks ANSI
for the offer of organizing an International
Workshop on "Transit Security" and requests they
move ahead with the planning as soon as
possible. Subsequently, the leadership bodies of
the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO), International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
approved this event to be convened under the
World Standards Cooperation (WSC) designation.
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ANSI - HSSP

• Established by ANSI in February 2003, per its
  charter the ANSI HSSP has as its scope to
• catalogue,
• promote,
• accelerate and
• Coordinate,
• The timely development of consensus standards
  within the national and international voluntary
  standards systems intended to meet identified
• homeland security needs, and communicate the
  existence of such standards appropriately to
  governmental units and the private sector.
• The Panel supports the work of the DHS Science
  and Technology (ST) Directorates Office of
  Standards.

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International Working Group on Land Transport
Security (IwoGLaTS)

• Tokyo ministerial conference (G8)(January 2006)
  proposed IWoGLaTS
• To facilitate the sharing of best practices
• To enhance cooperation in passenger rail and
  transit security
• Building on the result of the existing work in G8
  and other for a
• Key Focus Areas
• Technical screening trials
• Risk-based screening method
• Measures for railway security, prevention of
  terrorism, passenger awareness
• Security partnership between railway police and
  rail companies
• CCTV systems in the mass passenger transport
  sector for counter-terrorism
• Impact of explosions on stations and rollingstock

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The Challenges of Overlap

• You will note however that most of the
  organisations are seeking to develop, practical
  solutions to problems that are being experienced
  elsewhere in the world. Their challenges and
  areas of practice are
• Specific
• limited to a specific subject area
• are seeking to develop and understanding of a
  topic and / or consensus regarding good
  practices,
• and are not intended to be autocratic.

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Standards or Guidelines

• Standards
• The views of all interests are taken into
  account manufacturers, vendors and users,
  consumer groups, testing laboratories,
  governments, engineering professions and research
  organisations.
• GuidelinesGlobal solutions to satisfy industries
  and customers worldwide.Recommended Practice
• International standardization is market driven
  and therefore based on voluntary involvement of
  all interests in the market-place.
• All three are guides for practice
• provide evidence for best practices,
• can be used for quality improvement,
• can provide legal definition or explanation,
• can be used to identify risks, and
• often are used to identify competencies.

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Standards and Guideline Development
ConsensusThe views of all interests are taken
into account manufacturers, vendors and users,
consumer groups, testing laboratories,
governments, engineering professions and research
organisations. Industry wideGlobal solutions to
satisfy industries and customers
worldwide.VoluntaryInternational
standardization is market driven and therefore
based on voluntary involvement of all interests
in the market-place.
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The Non-Uniform Environment

• Land Transport, particularly the mass transit
  environment, is unique in its operating
  environment and inter-alia, its security
  environment in comparison to both maritime and
  aviation transport.
• Land transport security needs to be capable of
  accommodating
• The openness and accessibility of the system
• The extensive and ubiquitous nature of the system
• Achieving an efficiency and the ultimate
  objective of land transport (particularly mass
  transit), and
• Achieving commonality of operating regimes across
  a vast array of operating, ownership and
  culturally diverse environments.

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The Non-Uniform Environment

• The measures that should be applied to a
  particular network or type of asset are largely
  dependant upon
• the particular threats applicable to that
  specific piece of infrastructure, asset type or
  operation
• the intent and capabilities of the aggressors in
  that region.
• Factors such as
• economics of operation,
• staffing and passenger models,
• cultural and political considerations
• will also impact upon the way in which security
  services and solutions are implemented, leading
  to a challenging and non-uniform environment

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A Heirarchy of Agreement

• In developing guidelines a good hierarchical
  model for development purposes is as follows
  (adapted from Australian Building Code
• Objective
• Function
• Performance
• Compliance / Assessment Criteria
• Good Practice Information / Lessons learnt /
  standards supporting the above points
• What Can Readily Be Agreed?
• Objective - Consistently
• Function Consistently
• Performance Partially
• Compliance / Assessment Criteria Not readily
• Good Practice growing progressively.
• The Sandwich Effect!

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Some Examples

• Objectives (Limit to a focussed number no
  more than 3)
• safety and security of passengers, staff and the
  community whilst maintaining a viable transit
  system
• Functional Statements
• What are the key parameters that would need to be
  fulfilled in order to achieve the overall object?
  (They need to be the wildly important statements
  and not the conventional statements)
• Performance Statements
• Performance requirements Specific performance
  standards / criteria that need to be applied to
  achieve a functional requirement for example if
  risk based decision making is identified as a
  functional requirement the performance
  requirement would be for risk assessment in
  accordance with ASNZS4360 etc-

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Security is always excessive until it is not
enough
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Any Questions?
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The Establishment of Uniform Standards and
Guidelines on Land Transport Security in a
Non-Uniform Environment Paul Murphy, GHD Pty
Ltd, Australia.