All animals need 3 primary things to survive

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All animals need 3 primary things to survive ?
Water ? Nutrients (food) ? Cover The types and
time various birds need these 3 things varies
among different kinds of birds
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Not all birds are the same (150 spp birds)
? Waterfowl ? Shorebirds ? Wading birds ?
Rails ? Passerines These 5 groups of birds have
very different needs
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Waterfowl
? Dabbling ducks (puddle ducks)
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Waterfowl
? Dabbling ducks (puddle ducks)
? Water - 5 to 15 inches deep - spring and fall
migration
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Jul
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Waterfowl
? Dabbling ducks (puddle ducks)
? Food
Nutrient reserve cycle
spring
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Waterfowl
? Dabbling ducks (puddle ducks)
? Water - 5 to 15 inches deep - spring and fall
migration
Fat and Protein
Fat
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Jul
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Waterfowl
? Dabbling ducks (puddle ducks)
Types of food ? Fall - grains (agricultural and
natural) ? Spring - grains (agricultural and
natural) - macroinvertebrates (bugs)
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Waterfowl
? Dabbling ducks (puddle ducks)
Cover - from predators (hawks and owls) - from
bad weather ? Emergent vegetation ? Moist soil
plants Nesting - adjacent upland habitat -
tree cavities over water or in adjacent uplands
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Waterfowl
? Diving ducks
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Waterfowl
? Diving ducks
? Water - 15 to 48 inches deep - spring and
fall migration
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Jul
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Waterfowl
? Diving ducks
Types of food ? Fall - macroinvertebrates
(bugs, clams, snails) - roots and tubors -
grains (agricultural and natural) ? Spring -
macroinvertebrates (bugs) - roots and tubors
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Waterfowl
? Diving ducks
Cover - from predators (hawks and owls) - from
bad weather ? Large expanses of open
water Nesting - adjacent upland habitat - tree
cavities over water or in adjacent uplands
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Waterfowl
? Geese
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Waterfowl
? Geese
? Water - greater 48 inches deep - winter,
spring, and fall migration
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Jul
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Waterfowl
? Geese
Types of food ? Fall/Winter - grains
(agricultural and natural) - roots and tubors ?
Spring - grains (agricultural and natural) -
roots and tubors - green vegetation
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Waterfowl
? Geese
? Cover - open shore line - open water ?
Nesting - adjacent upland habitat
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Waterfowl
? Swans
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Waterfowl
? Swans
? Water - greater 48 inches deep - winter,
spring, and fall migration
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Jul
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Waterfowl
? Swans
Types of food ? Fall/Winter - grains
(agricultural and natural) - roots and tubors -
submergent vegetation - green vegetation ?
Spring - green vegetation - submergent
vegetation - grains (agricultural and
natural) - roots and tubors
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Waterfowl
? Swans
? Cover - open water ? Nesting - adjacent
upland habitat
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Shorebirds
Long billed dowitcher
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Shorebirds
? Water - less than 2 inches deep - breeding,
spring and fall migration
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Jul
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Shorebirds
Types of food ? Fall - macroinvertebrates
(water surface interface) ? Spring -
macroinvertebrates (water surface interface)
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Shorebirds

? Cover - open shoreline Nesting - adjacent
upland habitat
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Wading birds
American bittern
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Wading birds
? Water - 6 to 24 inches deep - summer
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Jul
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Wading birds
Types of food ? Summer - aquatic vertebrates
(frogs, fish, salamanders)
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Wading birds
Cover - roost in trees Nesting - primarily
trees (colonially)
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Rails
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Rails
? Water - shoreline to deepwater - summer
Jan
Mar
May
Jul
Sep
Nov
Jul
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Rails
Types of food ? Summer - terrestrial
invertebrates (bugs) - seeds - green
vegetation Nesting - over water in emergent
vegetation - adjacent upland habitat
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Rails
Cover - heavy shoreline vegetation (cat tails)
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Rails
Types of food ? Summer - terrestrial
invertebrates and emerging aquatics - seeds
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passerines
Cover - emergent vegetation Nesting - cavities
and emergent vegetation